Use of Multiple-Antenna Technology in Modern Wireless Communication Systems

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1 Use of in Modern Wireless Communication Systems Presenter: Engr. Dr. Noor M. Khan Professor Department of Electrical Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) , Ext. 116 Fax: +9 (51) BS MS MS1 1

2 Outline Multiple Antenna Technology Basics (Already Covered) Antenna Array Diversity or Beamforming (Already Covered) MIMO Technology Use of MIMO in Modern Wireless Systems LTE-A and WiMAX-m (WirelessMAN-A) Research Directions

3 Array of N Elements With Constant Phase Increment The module of the electric field E P is given by: E P = E o z z N z N z N = E e NΨ j e NΨ j o Ψ Ψ j j z z e e. E P = E o sin sin N Ψ Ψ. 3

4 Remarks The unit pattern IE o I is fixed once we choose the antenna elements of the array (e.g. dipole, monopole, horn antenna or micro-strip antenna). The AF pattern depends on Ψ, which in turn depends on d, α andn. By varying any of these parameters the-radiation pattern of the array can be changed. Ψ is the phase difference between any two adjacent elements of the array: ψ = π d λ cos θ + α Phase difference caused by difference in path lengths to receiving point P Progressive phase shift introduced intentionally for scanning the beam of the array. 4

5 Example 1 The unit pattern IE o I is λ/ dipole pattern (independent of ϕ). The AF pattern depends on Ψ, which in turn depends on d = λ/ α = 0 N = 6 θ M = π/ 5

6 Remarks () If Ψ = 0, then AF = = N = AF MAX. Thus, Ψ = 0 always gives the direction θ M of the array main beam. The direction θ M of the main beam is given by: π ψ = 0 = d cos θ + α M λ αλ θ = arccos M πd This shows that θ M can be changed by changing the progressive phase shift α. Controlling θ M by phase shift α is the principle of electronic scanning of the array main beam. 6

7 Example The unit pattern IE o I is λ/ dipole pattern (independent of ϕ). The AF pattern depends on Ψ, which in turn depends on d = λ/ α = N = 6 θ M = π/3 7

8 Array of N Elements z array axis β N-1 N-1 P r β β d β 1 = β 1 e j α 1 Complex number 8

9 Smart Antenna System with Multi-path BS y = Sx + n 9

10 Multi-user System Model E{ nn I y = Sx + n H } = σ y - received signal (N X 1) dimensional vector S - signature matrix (N X K) dimensional matrix x - transmitted symbols (K X 1) dimensional vector n - Gaussian noise (N X 1) dimensional vector N - Number of antenna elements K - Number of Users 10

11 Array of N Elements z array axis P 1 P 1 + β N-1 N-1 β β 1 β 0 1 P k P k + β k 0 β 1 = β 1 e j α 1 11

12 ITU-R Requirements for 4G IMT-Advanced Worldwide functionality & roaming Compatibility of services Interworking with other radio access systems Enhanced peak data rates 100 Mbit/s for high 1 Gbit/s for low mobility 1

13 Data Rate Requirements for 4G Data rate requirements set by ITU-R (Approved in 003, Released in 008) for IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced) 4G standards are: 100 Mbps, for high mobility communication (from Trains/Cars) 1 Gbps, for low mobility communication (from pedestrians) Or in terms of Peak Link Spectral Efficiency: 15 b/s/hz in the downlink 6.75 b/s/hz in the uplink Ref:

14 Exploitation of Multipath Two major limitations in communications channels: Multipath interference Data throughput limitations as a result of Shannon's Law. 14

15 Exploitation of Multipath MIMO provides a way of utilizing the multiple signal paths that exist between a transmitter and receiver to significantly improve the data throughput available on a given channel with its defined bandwidth. 15

16 Exploitation of Multipath By using multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver along with some complex digital signal processing, MIMO technology enables the system to set up multiple data streams on the same channel, thereby increasing the data capacity of a channel. 16

17 MIMO Scenarios 17

18 Spatial Multiplexing Vs Diversity Unlike MIMO, which achieves its highest throughput when the radio channel exhibits uncorrelated transmission paths, beamforming exploits correlation so that the radiation pattern from a transmitter is directed toward the receiver. In theory, a MIMO system can be turned into a beamforming system by changing the precoding matrices. In practice, however, antenna design has to be taken into account and things are not so simple. 18

19 MIMO Spatial Multiplexing In any case for MIMO spatial multiplexing the number of receive antennas must be equal to or greater than the number of transmit antennas. 19

20 MIMO Spatial Multiplexing r r 1 = h = h 11 1 x 1 x h 1 h x x In Matrix form, R = HX Where, R = r r 1, H = h h 11 1 h h 1, X = x x 1 Solution is very simple: ˆ 1 X = H R 0

21 MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Capacity Improvements that are possible easily in b/s/hz Ref: UCLA METEOR (MIMO) Project BLAST and VBLAST are some signal processing versions of MIMO Processing 1

22 Ref: UCLA METEOR (MIMO) Project

23 Use of Multiple Antennas in 4G Multiple-antenna techniques are the basic units for the improved performance in LTE-A and WiMAX-m wireless systems, but: They must be properly analyzed (Hot Research Area) in order to be properly tested (Hot Research Area). In analyses, there may exist more bounds on the capacity and performance (Hot Research Area). May lead to crucial changes in designs (Hot Research Area). 3

24 Vs WiMAX 4

25 LTE-Advanced WCDMA (UMTS) HSPA HSDPA / HSUPA HSPA+ LTE LTE Advanced (IMT Advanced) Max downlink speed bps 384 k 14 M 8 M 100M 1G Max uplink speed bps 18 k 5.7 M 11 M 50 M 500 M Latency round trip time approx 150 ms 100 ms 50ms (max) ~10 ms less than 5 ms 3GPP releases Rel 99/4 Rel 5 / 6 Rel 7 Rel 8 Rel 10 Approx years of initial roll out 003 / / 6 HSDPA 007 / 8 HSUPA 008 / / 10 Access methodology CDMA CDMA CDMA OFDMA / SC-FDMA OFDMA / SC-FDMA 5

26 WiMAX WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a telecommunications protocol that provides fixed and mobile Internet access. The current WiMAX version (IEEE 80.16e) provides up to 40 Mbps with the introduction of mobility. WiMAX Forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL". Ref: 6

27 WiMAX to WirelessMAN-A The future version IEEE 80.16m of WiMAX is expected to offer up to 100Mbps (for high mobility) and1 Gbps (for fixed user) with the use of MIMO Aims at fulfilling ITU-R Requirements for 4G IMT- Advanced Ready to compete LTE-Advanced for 4G Would be known as WirelessMAN-Advanced 7

28 Research Directives Multiple-antenna techniques are the basic units for the improved performance in LTE-A and WiMAX-m wireless systems, but: They must be properly analyzed (Hot Research Area) in order to be properly tested (Hot Research Area). In analyses, there may exist more bounds on the capacity and performance (Hot Research Area). May lead to crucial changes in designs (Hot Research Area). 8

29 Assignment (MIMO System Simulation) Simulate a MIMO communication system at baseband level in MATLAB and evaluate its BER performance over correlative fading channels. Use following specifications: MIMO QPSK/4QAM Modulation (No Channel Coding) SNR = 0dB to 30dB Rayleigh Channel conditions with variance=1 Maximum Likelihood Detection 9

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