GCTS 2009 CATALOG. Table of Contents

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2 1 GCTS 2009 CATALOG Table of Contents About Us... 3 Vision... 3 Mission Statement... 3 Corporate Commitments... 3 About the Principals... 4 Company Products & Services... 4 Rock Testing Systems... 5 Digital Point Load Testing System (PLT-100)... 6 Digital Point Load Testing System (PLT-110)... 7 Digital Rock Direct Shear System (RDS-100)... 8 Servo-Controlled Rock Direct Shear System (RDS-200)... 9 Servo-Controlled Rock Direct Shear System (RDS-300) Uniaxial Testing System (UCT-1000) Rapid Triaxial Rock Testing System (RTR-1000) Triaxial Rock Testing System (RTX-1000) Triaxial Rock Testing System (RTX-1500) Hydraulic Fracture Test System (HFRTC-100) Rock Testing Components Rock Deformation Device (DEF-5000) Indirect Tension (Brazilian) Apparatus for Rocks (RIT-B) Compression Frames (FRM4-1000) Pressure Intensifier System (HPVC-070) Pressure Intensifier System (HPVC-140) Air/Oil Pressure Booster (HPC-070) High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-020) High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-070) High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-070L) High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-140) High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-200) Heavy Duty Laboratory Coring Machine (RCD-200) Pressure Controlled Coring Machine (RCD-250) Specimen Grinder (RSG-200) Specimen Flatness Gage (RFG-100) Soil Testing Systems Servo Controlled Consolidation Apparatus (CRS-10) Direct Shear Testing System for Soils (SDS-100) Direct Shear Testing System for Soils and Asphalts (SDS-150) Servo-Controlled Simple Shear Testing System (SSH-100) Dynamic Hollow Cylinder Testing System (HCA-100) Poly-Axial Test System (SPAX-2000) Resilient Modulus and Asphalt Testing System (MRT-300) Resonant Column/ Torsional Shear Testing System (TSH-100 & TSH-200) Pneumatic Soil Triaxial Testing System (STX-050) Cyclic / Stress-Path Soil Triaxial System (STX) Frozen Soil Triaxial System (FSTX-100) Unsaturated Soil Triaxial Testing System (USTX-2000) Soil-Water Characteristic Cell (SWC-150)... 45

3 2 Soil Testing Components Load Frame (FRM-10P) Load Frame (FRM-100) Soil Axial Deformation Device (DEF-6100) Soil Circumferential Deformation Device (DEF-SRCP) Large-Scale Deformation Device (DEF-S1600) Soil Triaxial Cell (TRX) Unsaturated Soils Triaxial Double Cell (TRX-2C) Large-Scale Soil Triaxial Cell (TRX-600) Controlled Gradient Consolidation Apparatus (TRX-CRX) Diffused Air Flushing Device (DAF-200) Volume Change Device (VCD-400) Pressure Control Panel (PCP-200) Pressure Panel & Pressure Volume Controller (PCP-2000 & PVC-100 Series) Fredlund Thermal Conductivity Sensor (FTC-100) Asphalt, Concrete & Other Construction Materials Servo-Pneumatic Asphalt Testing System (ATM-010)...62 Servo-Hydraulic Asphalt Testing System (ATM-025)...63 Resilient Modulus and Asphalt Testing System (MRT-300)...64 Stand-Alone Beam Flexural Fatigue Apparatus (BFF-5)...65 Servo-Controlled Superpave Gyratory Compactor (GRC-20) Deformation Sensor Holder (IDT-DEF) Asphalt Coring Machine (ACD-150) Specimen Lab Saw (RLS-100) Dynamic Loading System (DLS-050) Pull Out Test for Skin Friction and Rock Anchor Pullout Test (PFT-060) Universal Testing Machine (UTM) Testing Accessories LVDT Calibration Device (DCD-025) Temperature Control System (TCS-100) Ultrasonic Velocity Test System (ULT-100) P & S Ultrasonic Sensors (ULT-SNR) Seismic Down-Hole Testing System (SRV-100) Hydraulic Power Supply with Smart Controller (HPS) Software & Electronics Advanced Computer Aided Testing Software (CATS-ADV) Direct Shear Software Module (CATS-DSH) Resilient Modulus Software (TRX-MRT) Soil Triaxial Software Module (CATS-TRX-SOIL) Rock Triaxial Software Module (CATS-TRX-ROCK) Resonant Column/Torsional Shear Module (CATS-RC) Point Load Test Software (PntLoad) Digital Signal Input and Control Unit (SCON-300) Universal Digital Signal Conditioning and Control Unit (SCON-1500) Universal Digital Signal Conditioning and Control Unit (SCON-2000) Digital Servo Control Upgrade Products Not Featured in this Catalog

4 3 About Us GCTS is a manufacturing company that provides solutions to research and productive activities through engineering, manufacturing and installation of specialized systems A GCTS system performs at the highest levels of reliability, providing efficient systems that satisfy customer needs and expectations We reach our corporative goals supported through our highly qualified professional team, excellent information systems and infrastructure that allows satisfying the demands of our clients. Vision We are a company with international prestige that manufactures high tech equipment. Our products and services provide a high added value that satisfies the necessities and expectations of our clients in any market. Our Company reaches new levels of competitive success in which to obtain benefit to our shareholders, our employees, our clients, and the communities in which we operate. GCTS activities include Integral relationships with: o End users (universities, research centers and engineering companies) o Technological partners, suppliers and sub-contractors. Mission Statement GCTS mission is to advance the state of the practice in materials testing while simplifying the equipment operation Corporate Commitments Quality Policy o The satisfaction of our clients and the continuous improvement are the reasons of being of our company Policy of Ethics o We are an institution with: Integrity. Honest and responsible people. Commitments With Our Professional Team o We have highly qualified professionals stimulated by their development and enterprising potential. Continuous Improvement And Permanent Innovation o We continuously innovate and develop through research activities to design diverse equipment for new applications that respond to the current and future market requirements

5 4 About the Principals J. MANUEL PADILLA is the president of the company. He more than 20 years of experience in designing, fabricating, assembling, and setting up soil and rock testing systems. He has traveled the globe in setting up testing systems and training new clients to use them at more than 100 locations. As a Ph.D. in geotechnical engineering, he understands not only instrumentation and testing procedures, but also the application of the test results to engineering problems. In addition to being familiar with all the hardware components, including the signal conditioning and other electronics, he is also expert in software development and application. He is the primary creator of the software package used to drive the GCTS systems. WILLIAM N. HOUSTON is a senior consultant to the company. He has 40 years of teaching, research, and consulting experience (17 years at UC Berkeley and 23 years at Arizona State University) and is a registered professional civil engineer. His teaching and research have included a major component of laboratory experimental work and, as a university professor; he has taught thousands of students how to use soil testing equipment. His consulting work has ranged broadly across geotechnical engineering from soil testing laboratory design and set-up to soil property determination to slope stability, earthquake engineering, and unsaturated soil behavior. His experience qualifies him to judge not only the precision with which properties can be measured with soil testing apparatus but also the precision that is needed for application to engineering problems. SANDRA L. HOUSTON is a consultant to the company. She has 20 years of teaching, research, and consulting experience and is a registered professional civil engineer. Her teaching and research have emphasis in numerical methods and computer applications. She has taught hundreds of students how to develop and use software packages for geotechnical engineering applications. Her research and consulting have also involved unsaturated soil problems, especially fluid flow and collapsing soil behavior. Company Products & Services Geotechnical Consulting and Testing Systems, LLC provides selection and design of laboratory and in-situ testing apparatus and software ranging from modification and adaptation of existing apparatus to the purchase of new closed-loop computer-controlled systems. The company manufactures a full line of computer-controlled testing systems with electro-mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic loaders. Each system comes with a versatile software package which provides test control, data acquisition, data reduction, and graphing in one easy to learn Graphical User Interface. Testing capabilities include static and dynamic loading of soil, rock, and other construction materials. Advanced testing capabilities include hollow cylinder, simple shear, and poly-axial systems with optional upgrades for testing unsaturated soils. Dynamic tests include liquefaction, modulus, damping, resilient modulus, and ultrasonic velocity measurements. Other laboratory tests are also possible through the use of a general purpose multiple function generator and data acquisition that allows the user to design his/her own test procedures. The primary service of the company is testing system design and integration. The testing experience and background of the staff enable us to ensure that a testing system not only works at its final destination but can also be made to generate meaningful data. Among GCTS personnel and consultants are specialized engineers and technicians with a vast experience in instrumentation, electronics, mechanics, manufacturing and other testing equipment related fields. The company has a fully equipped machine shop.

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7 6 Digital Point Load Testing System (PLT-100) 100 kn (22 kips) load capacity; larger capacities available Compact, light design (< 15 kg ) Output display in SI or English units Digital output with 10 N (or 1 pound) resolution Automatic specimen size gauging Dual signal outputs to a computer or data recorder Software for fast and automatic testing Increases test production and minimizes operational errors 110/220 VAC and 12 VDC operation Optional ultrasonic velocity point load platens Platens and frames are available to perform Uniaxial, Brazilian, Hardness, and Ultrasonic tests The GCTS Point Load Tester is an apparatus made of highstrength anodized-aluminum that incorporates digital technology to increase precision and ease of use while reducing its size and weight. The introduction of a pressure sensor to measure load provides a better accuracy at any load level eliminating the imprecision of traditional pressure gauges at low load ranges. The system has a digital display that continuously monitors applied load. An optional second display provides specimen size in mm (or inches). The maximum load is automatically stored and easily obtainable by pressing a button. An advanced option for this system is the ultrasonic platens for the measurement of P-wave velocity. The P-wave velocity is a more rational method and gives a better correlation to strength than the point load index. The major advantage of the ultrasonic velocity option is that, as with the point load test, it does not require expensive specimen preparation. The P-wave velocity is measured during the point load test. Other options include: platens, triaxial cells, and frames for performing uniaxial and triaxial tests on small specimens. These options include software that captures the complete stress-strain curve and automatically calculates strength parameters. Power: VDC or VAC (external) Max. Daylight Opening:..... Vertical 125 mm Horizontal 100 mm Load Capacity: kn Stroke: mm SHIPPING Standard Weight: kg (60 lbs) Standard Volume: cm x 49 cm x 35 cm (25 x 19.5 x 13.8

8 7 Digital Point Load Testing System (PLT-110) 100 kn (22 kips) load capacity; larger capacities available Compact, light design (< 14 kg.) Output display in SI units Digital output with 10 N (or 1 pound) resolution Automatic specimen size gauging option Dual signal outputs to a computer or data recorder Software for fast and automatic testing Increases test production and minimizes operational errors Internal battery operation Optional ultrasonic velocity point load platens Platens and cells are available to perform Triaxial, Uniaxial and Brazilian tests The GCTS Point Load Tester is an apparatus made of highstrength anodized-aluminum that incorporates digital technology to increase precision and ease of use while reducing its size and weight. The introduction of a pressure sensor to measure load provides a better accuracy at any load level eliminating the imprecision of traditional pressure gauges at low load ranges. The system has a digital display that continuously monitors applied load. The maximum load is automatically stored and easily obtainable by pressing a button. Other options include: platens, triaxial cells, and frames for performing uniaxial and triaxial tests on small specimens. These options include software that captures the complete stress-strain curve and automatically calculates strength parameters. Display: Full 4-digit display calibrated in SI units (kn). Includes 40-segement bar graph around the display in % full scale Electrical: V C-size lithium battery. Max. Daylight Opening:.. Vertical 125 mm... Horizontal 100 mm Load Capacity: kn Stroke: mm SHIPPING Standard Weight: kg (57 lbs) Standard Volume: cm x 51 cm x 32 cm (32 x 20 x 12.5 )

9 8 Digital Rock Direct Shear System (RDS-100) Manual control of double acting (push/pull) 100 kn (10 ton) shear load actuator with 25 mm stroke & 50 kn (5 ton) normal load capacity with 25 mm stroke Normal load stiff reaction frame mounted on sliding bearings to minimize horizontal friction while keeping the normal load vertical throughout the full shear displacement 150 mm (6") inside diameter sample rings for specimens up to 150 mm high Precise Digital Display with Peak Value Memory A/D Automatic Data Acquisition with USB interface Windows 98/NT/2000/XP software for automatic data logging and reporting of direct shear tests with real time graphical display of test progress Economically priced Multy Stage Direct Shear Test The GCTS Direct Shear System for Testing Rocks is a simple and inexpensive device for testing a wide range of rock specimen configurations. Cylindrical cores, cubes, prisms, and rock fragments can be used to determine the shear strength. This system features electronic sensors and digital displays to monitor the loads and deformations. A standard A/D automatic data acquisition with USB interface is included with the system to automatically log and reduces the test data. The included software program accepts inputs from the shear and normal load sensors, the shear deformation, and up to four normal deformation sensors (the software calculates automatically the average normal deformation). Two air/oil booster pumps operating from 800 kpa (100 psi) compressed air allow the user to easily set and maintain the normal load and the shear displacement rate. Pressure sensors are used to monitor the loads but load cells are also offered as an option. The shear pump includes a 4-way valve to easily reverse the loading direction. The air/oil booster pumps, digital displays, and all the control valves are set on an easy-to-use front panel housed in a metal cabinet. Stress, MPa Displacement, mm Specimens are cured within removable specimen rings and then drop inside the shear box allowing the preparation of multiple specimens using additional rings increasing test production Shear Stress, τ Normal Stress, σ Normal Displacement 1.5 GCTS also offers a fully computer-controlled servo-hydraulic direct shear machine (see RDS-200) Shear Displcement, mm Contact GCTS for full specifications SHIPPING Volume: m3 Weight: kg

10 9 Servo-Controlled Rock Direct Shear System (RDS-200) Closed loop servo control of double acting (push/pull) 100 kn (10 ton) shear load actuator with 25 mm stroke and 50 kn (5 ton) normal load capacity with 25 mm stroke Normal load stiff reaction frame mounted on sliding bearings to minimize horizontal friction while keeping the normal load vertical throughout the full shear displacement 150 mm (6") inside diameter sample rings for specimens up to 150 mm high Software for automatic performance of direct shear tests with constant normal stress or normal stiffness Real time graphical display of test progress. Other load capacities and specimen size dimensions are available, including large-scale test systems for shear loads of up to 1,000 kn (100 ton) and specimen sizes up to 300 mm diameter or side The GCTS Rock Direct Shear System is a simple and inexpensive device for testing a wide range of rock specimen configurations. Cylindrical cores, cubes, prisms, and rock fragments can be used to determine the shear strength. This system features electro-hydraulic closed-loop digital servo control of the shear and normal loads for test automation. The included software program accepts inputs from the normal load sensor and up to four normal deformation sensors (the software calculates automatically the average normal deformation). Loads or deformations for both the shear and normal actuators can be prescribed for automatically performing advanced tests such as the Constant or Calculated Normal Stiffness Direct Shear Test. Specimens are cured within removable specimen rings and then dropped inside the shear box allowing the preparation of multiple specimens using additional rings increasing test production. Also available, as an alternative, is an economical Digital Direct Shear system driven with manual pumps. SHIPPING Volume m3 Weight ,100 kg

11 10 Servo-Controlled Rock Direct Shear System (RDS-300) Closed loop servo control of double acting (push/pull) 300 kn (30 ton) shear load actuator with ±50 mm stroke and 300 kn (30 ton) normal load capacity with 100 mm stroke Includes adjustable locking mechanism to prevent rotation of the top box in any one direction, two directions, or none (fixed so that no shear plane rotations are allowed) Accepts 150 mm (6") diameter samples & 100 x 100 mm cubical specimens up to 150 mm high Software for automatic performance of direct shear tests with constant normal stress or normal stiffness Capable of performing unconfined or triaxial tests with optional hardware Other load capacities and specimen size dimensions are available, including large-scale test systems for shear loads of up to 1,000 kn (100 ton) and specimen sizes up to 300 mm diameter or side The GCTS Direct Shear System for Testing Rocks is a versatile device for testing a wide range of rock specimen configurations. Cylindrical cores, cubes, prisms, and rock fragments can be used to determine the shear strength. This system features electro-hydraulic closed-loop digital servo control of the shear and normal loads for test automation. The included software program accepts inputs from the normal load sensor and up to three normal deformation sensors (the software calculates automatically the average normal deformation). Loads or deformations for both the shear and normal actuators can be set to automatically perform advanced tests such as the Constant or Calculated Normal Stiffness Direct Shear Test. This system can be provided with an optional triaxial cell, unconfined loading platens, indirect tension (Brazilian) platens, etc. to perform most of the laboratory mechanical tests required for rocks. See RDS-300 brochure.

12 11 Uniaxial Testing System (UCT-1000) Compression and Tension loading system with electro-hydraulic closed-loop digital servo control Static and Dynamic loading capabilities Adjustable cross-head design Accepts GCTS High Pressure triaxial cell & other testing components Ideal for performing unconfined compression, bending, indirect tension, fracture, creep, and other material tests Available systems with load capacities up to 4,500 kn (1,000 kips) and stiffness up to 4,300 kn/mm (25x10 6 lbs/inch) Economical turn-key systems built to customer specifications GCTS Uniaxial Testing Systems include our state-of-the-art SCON-1500 Digital Signal Conditioning & Servo Controller CATS software. The system is capable of performing static and dynamic closed-loop load, deformation, strain or any other measured or calculated parameter. Automatic bump-less or smooth control transfer can be programmed at any test stage. The true 32-bit Windows XP Software allows sending directly your test data to any computer connected to your local network. Using a Windows network system in your lab facilitates the transferring of your test data directly into other Windows programs such as Word or Excel for report generation as well as to easily backup your important test results Compression load capacity 1,000 kn Tension load capacity kn Stiffness 700 kn/mm Stroke 100 mm Distance between columns 400 mm Distance between platens mm SHIPPING Weight 1,700 kg Dimensions (meters) 1.2W x 2D x 2H

13 12 Rapid Triaxial Rock Testing System (RTR-1000) GCTS High Pressure Triaxial cell with hydraulic lift/lock for rapid, easy and safe operation Ideal for production test facilities Load capacities up to 1,500 kn (340 kips) & stiffness up to 10,000 kn/mm (50x106 lbs/inch) Larger load capacities available upon request Closed-loop digital servo control Integrated confining & pore pressure panel with dual intensifiers Pressures up to 140 MPa (20 ksi) 24 electrical feed thru lines (6 connectors) for internal instrumentation such as load cells, LVDT s, thermocouples, ultrasonic velocity, & acoustic emission sensors Economical turn-key systems built to customer specifications The GCTS Rapid Triaxial Systems are typically operated with our new digital servo control and data acquisition package that includes Windows (98/2000/NT/XP) testing software and digital signal conditioning system. An Automatic hydraulic lift and a sliding base for the triaxial cell are included with this system for fast and easy specimen setup. Fast assembly/disassembly of the cell is achieved with the push of a single button. No bolts or other fasteners are used to assemble the triaxial cell, resulting in more time dedicated to testing. See RTR-1000 Brochure

14 13 Triaxial Rock Testing System (RTX-1000) 1,000 kn (225 kip) axial load and 70 MPa (10,000 psi) confining pressure capacity Direct closed-loop digital servo control of axial stress, axial strain, radial strain, and several other calculated triaxial variables GCTS High Pressure Triaxial cell with internal instrumentation to measure local axial & radial strains Ideal for performing unconfined compression, triaxial, bending, indirect tension, fracture, creep, post failure behavior, & other compression tests Available options: High stiffness loading frame, platens with ultrasonic transducers, high temperature control subsystem, and upgrades for axial loads up 4,500 kn and confining pressures up to 210 MPa. Economical "turn-key" systems built to customer specifications. GCTS Triaxial Rock Testing Systems are manufactured according to your design specifications (load capacity and system stiffness, sample size, confining and pore pressures, internal instrumentation, temperature testing, and ultrasonic velocity measurements). The top cross head height can be adjusted to accommodate a wide variety of test specimens and triaxial cells. The RTX-1000 meets the specifications of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) for triaxial testing of rock samples. The system is capable of performing static and dynamic closedloop strain or stress controlled as well as post failure behavior tests. Included with this system is our true 32-bit Windows XP Software. It allows sending directly your test data to any computer connected to your local network. Our new software includes a database system to keep track of all the data generated at your lab with any of our testing systems. Using a Windows network system in your lab facilitates the transferring of your test data directly into other Windows programs such as Word or Excel for report generation as well as to easily backup your important test results The Graphical User Interface with context-sensitive on-line help and intuitive color windows helps minimize learning time and enables laboratory personnel to conduct more complex, but realistic, testing programs at substantially lower operating cost and also with minimal operator error. The system manages all the instrumentation and continuously monitors sensor outputs to accurately account for uplift pressures acting on the loading piston, area changes, deformation and volume change sensors setup and re-positioning, etc. Contact GCTS

15 14 Triaxial Rock Testing System (RTX-1500) Direct closed-loop digital servo control of axial stress, average principle stress, axial strain, radial strain, and several other calculated triaxial variables 1,500 kn Load capacities and 1,750 kn/mm stiffness. GCTS High Pressure Triaxial cell with internal instrumentation to measure local axial & radial strains 140 MPa servo-controlled pressure intensifier system for cell and pore pressure. Available options: axial & circumferential deformation measurement system, platens with ultrasonic transducers, and high temperature control subsystem. Ideal for performing unconfined compression, triaxial, bending, indirect tension, fracture, creep, post failure behavior, & other compression tests Economical "turn-key" systems built to customer specifications. Optional automatic hydraulic lift for triaxial cell and roller assembly for fast & easy specimen setup GCTS Triaxial Rock Testing Systems are manufactured according to your design specifications (load capacity and system stiffness, sample size, confining and pore pressures, internal instrumentation, temperature testing, and ultrasonic velocity measurements). The top cross head height can be adjusted to accommodate a wide variety of test specimens and triaxial cells. The RTR-1500 meets the specifications of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) for triaxial testing of rock samples. The system is capable of performing static and dynamic closed-loop strain or stress controlled as well as post failure behavior tests. Included with this system is our true 32-bit Windows XP Software. It allows sending directly your test data to any computer connected to your local network. Our new software includes a database system to keep track of all the data generated at your lab with any of our testing systems. Using a Windows network system in your lab facilitates the transferring of your test data directly into other Windows programs such as Word or Excel for report generation as well as to easily backup your important test results Contact GCTS. SHIPPING Weight Volume 3,200 kg 7.2 m

16 15 Hydraulic Fracture Test System (HFRTC-100) Axial Load Fluid Injection Rock Specimen Capable of performing static and dynamic triaxial tests as well as hydraulic fracture, Well bore stability, and rock permeability 1,100 kn (250 kip) stiff (1750 kn/mm) fourcolumn frame with servo-controlled hydraulic actuator (100mm stroke) RTX-100 stainless steel triaxial cell for NX specimens (10,000 psi confining pressure capacity) Air/oil pressure booster with pressure transducer for static control of cell or backpressure up to 70 MPa (10,000 psi) Servo-controlled pressure intensifier capable of static and dynamic control of fluid injection pressures up to 70 MPa (10,000 psi) May also be used for confining or backpressure Heating system for testing at temperatures up to 230 C (550 F) Optional internal acoustic emission sensor include replacement of the manual air/oil booster with a servocontrolled intensifier, and upgrades to our dual-piston intensifier for tests, which require relatively large fluid flows without pressure spikes. Axial load ,000 kn Confining & pore fluid pressure MPa Intensifier volume cc SHIPPING Weight ,600 kg Dimensions (meters) Crate 1 1W x 2.0D x 2H Crate 2 1W x 1.5D x 2H The GCTS Hydraulic Fracture Test System is capable of performing not only basic static and dynamic triaxial tests, but also hydraulic fracture, Well bore stability, and permeability tests. This versatile system is very easy to operate because of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) software. The features listed below are for our base system. We also have systems for larger loads and higher pressures. Frame stiffness and specimen size options are also available. Other options

17 16 Rock Testing Components

18 17 Rock Deformation Device (DEF-5000) Available sizes for specimen diameter from 25 mm to 150 mm (optional sizes available) Measures axial and lateral strain directly on the test specimen Two axial sensors & one circumferential sensor Uses LVDT's for ease of operation Models for up to 200 MPa pressure and up to 150 ºC temperature testing Very easy to set up and use The GCTS Rock Deformation Device measures axial and lateral strain directly on the specimen providing accurate results. The device consists of an upper and lower support ring machined with a low weight, high strength design. The rings include springloaded set screws to allow for specimen expansion during loading. A set of perforated rods with pre-set lengths is included to position the axial rings at pre-defined gage lengths without difficulty. The circumferential device is built with small, high precision rollers and stiff linkages for high accuracy strain measurements. Thumb screws are also provided to easily null the LVDT sensors. The GCTS Rock Deformation Device is available in standard sizes and also in custom sizes and is available with LVDT ranges from 2 to 10 mm. This device can be used within our high-pressure triaxial cell and also used for elevated or cold temperature testing. Elastic constants such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio can be determined as well as inelastic strains that occur after sample failure (post failure analysis). Direct servo control of axial or radial strains can be performed with this device. Model Specimen Size.... LVDT Range (Diameter in mm)..... (mm) DEF to DEF to DEF to For High Pressure append the letter A and for high temperature add the letter T to the model number (i.e. DEF-5100AT). SHIPPING Weight: kg Dimensions (meters): W x 0.3D x 0.3H

19 18 Indirect Tension (Brazilian) Apparatus for Rocks (RIT-B) Available sizes for specimen diameter from 50 mm to 150 mm (Note that ISRM recommends that the diameter shall not be less than NX core 54-mm diameter). Made of hardened stainless steel. Can be used with GCTS unconfined, triaxial and point load tester frames. Very easy to set up and use. The GCTS IDT-B Rock Apparatus is used for determining indirect tensile strength by the Brazil test according to the International Society for Rock Mechanics standard. The device consists of an upper and lower support ring machined with a low weight, high strength design. The Indirect Tension Apparatus is available in standard sizes and also in custom sizes. Standard apparatus includes: Loading jaws for testing 54-mm (NX) diameter and 27-mm thick samples by the Brazil test). Top and bottom jaws 30 mm wide with 39-mm radius and guide pins to allow rotation of one jaw relative to the other. Top jaw includes spherical seating with HRC 45 hardness. Half ball bearing. Spherical platen formed by a 25- mm half ball bearing. Meets ISRM suggested method for Determining Tensile Strength by the Brazil measures axial and lateral strain directly on the specimen providing accurate results. NOTE: Requires suitable compression frame

20 19 Compression Frames (FRM4-1000) Compression frames for testing rocks, concrete, and other construction materials Pre-stressed four-column and adjustable crosshead design Load capacities up to 4,500 kn (1,000 kips) and stiffness up to 4,300 kn/mm (25x10 6 lbs/inch) Closed-loop digital servo control Accepts GCTS High Pressure triaxial cell & other testing components Available integrated hydraulic lift for triaxial cell for easy setup Ideal for performing unconfined compression, triaxial, bending, indirect tension, fracture, creep, and other compression tests Economical turn-key systems built to customer specifications GCTS Compression Frames are typically operated with our Digital Servo Control software and hardware package that includes the electro-hydraulic power unit, servo valve, sensors, computer interface, and testing software. Available with these frames is an automatic hydraulic lift for triaxial cell and roller assembly for fast and easy specimen setup. This option is recommended with GCTS high-pressure triaxial cells. These frames can also use an economical air/oil pressure booster instead of the electro-hydraulic power unit for long term compression tests like the creep test. For Typical Systems (FRM ) Axial load capacity (static) ,000 kn Axial load capacity (dynamic) kn Stiffness kn/mm Stroke mm Servo valve capacity l/min Distance between columns mm Distance between platens mm SHIPPING Weight: ,600 kg Dimensions (meters) W x 2D x 2H

21 20 Pressure Intensifier System (HPVC-070) Closed-loop digital servo control of pressure or flow (volume) with bump-less transfer 70 MPa (10,000 psi) pressure range 500 cc stroke capacity Stainless-steel construction Can be used as a volume change measurement device for triaxial and permeability testing Larger pressure and volume stroke capacities also available GCTS Pressure Intensifiers are ideal for the servo control of the cell pressure in triaxial tests, head pressure in permeability tests, or fluid pressure in hydro-fracture tests. This intensifier can also be used to measure flow in permeability tests and volume change in triaxial tests while applying prescribed pressures. Together with GCTS digital servo controller and the triaxial software, it allows the performance of more advanced tests such as stress/strain path. The HPVC-070 is mounted in a metal cabinet on casters to house the confining pressure/volume servo controlled intensifier, fluid reservoir, sight level gage, and venturi vacuum pump. All valves are mounted on the front panel for easy intensifier operation and filling or draining the cell. GCTS makes a dual piston intensifier model for tests where continuous flow is required and pressure spikes cannot be tolerated. These models include two intensifiers and two servo valves together with the necessary check valves, plumbing, and special control software for automatic operation. Also available, as an alternative, is an economical air/oil pressure booster. These units operate with 700 kpa (100 psi) air pressure input for a 70 MPa (10,000 psi) output. GCTS pressure boosters offer a low cost, trouble free operation and are ideal for use in creep and sustained loading in long term tests. PRESSURE TRANSDUCER HIGH PRESSURE SIDE (70 MPa) SERVO VALVE LOW PRESSURE SIDE (14 MPa) Pressure control precision:.±0.1 MPa (15 psi) Pressure transducer resolution: 0.02 MPa Volume transducer resolution: 0.01 cc. Pressure test gauge accuracy: ±0.25%. Fluid media compatibility: oil and water (consult GCTS for other) Fluid reservoir capacity: 19 liter (5 gallon) Required pressure input: 21 MPa (3,000 psi) SHIPPING TO TRIAXIAL CELL Weight: kg. Dimensions (meters): W x 0.85D x 2.0H LVDT

22 21 Pressure Intensifier System (HPVC-140) GCTS Pressure Intensifiers are ideal for the control of the cell pressure in triaxial tests, head pressure in permeability tests, or fluid pressure in hydro-fracture tests. This intensifier can also be used to measure flow in permeability tests and volume change in triaxial tests while applying prescribed pressures. Together with GCTS digital servo controller and the triaxial software, it allows the performance of more advanced tests such as stress/strain path. These units include a 4,000 cc reservoir, reservoir level and fluid flow indicators, analogue pressure gage, and necessary valves to simplify all operations. All these components are housed within a metal cabinet with casters. GCTS makes a dual piston intensifier model for tests where continuous flow is required and pressure spikes cannot be tolerated. These models include two intensifiers and two servo valves together with the necessary check valves, plumbing, and special control software for automatic operation. Also available, as an alternative, is an economical air/oil pressure booster. These units operate with 700 kpa (100 psi) air pressure input for a 140 MPa (20,000 psi) output. GCTS pressure boosters offer a low cost, trouble free operation and are ideal for use in creep and sustained loading in long term tests. HPVC-140C (left) & HPVC-140P (right) 140 MPa (20,000 psi) pressure range 280 or 560 cc stroke capacity Closed-loop digital servo control of pressure or flow with bumpless transfer Can be used as a volume change measurement device for triaxial and permeability testing 4,000 cc fluid reservoir with pressure/vacuum/ vent port for easy filling and draining triaxial cell and intensifier Metal cabinet mounted on casters to house the confining pressure/volume servo controlled intensifier, fluid reservoir, and panel Dual piston model available for continuous, nonpulsating flow Larger pressure and volume stroke capacities also available HPVC-140C cc (Confining Pressure) HPVC-140P cc (Pore Pressure) Contact GCTS SHIPPING Weight: kg. Dimensions (meters): W x 1.5D x 2.0H TO TRIAXIAL CELL PRESSURE TRANSDUCER HIGH PRESSURE SIDE (70 MPa) SERVO VALVE LOW PRESSURE SIDE (14 MPa) LVDT

23 22 Air/Oil Pressure Booster (HPC-070) 70 MPa (10,000 psi) pressure range Easy to use Air operated Compatible with almost any type of fluid service Ideal for confining or back (pore) pressure application to triaxial cell Low acquisition cost and low operating cost Systems available for pressures up to 210 MPa GCTS Air/Oil Pressure Boosters are very easy to operate and provide an economical alternative to servocontrolled pressure intensifiers. Air source from a 3 to 5 H.P. air compressor is sufficient to drive these pumps. The GCTS Air/Oil Pressure Boosters are enclosed in a table-top metal cabinet and include pressure panel, 19- litter (5 gallon) fluid reservoir with pressure/vacuum/ vent port and venturi vacuum pump for easy filling and draining pressure cell, sight level gage, pressure gauge, input and output pressure regulators, high pressure valves, and a 3-meter flexible hose. Pressure control precision: ±1 MPa (150 psi) Pressure test gauge accuracy: ±0.25% Maximum Flow Rate: 0.3 liter/minute Fluid compatibility: water and oil (consult GCTS for other) Fluid reservoir capacity: 19 liter (5 gallon) Required input: 700 kpa (100 psi) air pressure SHIPPING Weight: kg. Dimensions (meters): W x 0.85D x 1.0H

24 23 High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-020) 20 MPa (3,000 psi) pressure & 400 kn (90 kips) axial load capacity Stainless steel construction Accepts samples with a diameter from 25 mm to 75 mm and with a length of 2 times the diameter Upper platen provided with a spherical seat to compensate for non-parallel specimen ends Top & bottom pore pressure plumbing provided for effective stress and permeability measurements Electrical feed-through connectors for GCTS axial and circumferential deformation measurement devices, ultrasonic sensors, and other special transducers AVAILABLE OPTIONS: Axial and circumferential deformation measurement system Platens with ultrasonic transducers for P- & S- wave velocity measurements High & low temperature control subsystem for testing at -30 to 150 C The GCTS High Pressure Triaxial Cell was designed for testing 75 mm (3 inch) rock specimens with lengths of up to 160 mm at confining pressures of up to 20 MPa and axial loads of up to 400 kn. Other specimen diameters can also be tested with the use of optional platens. The 150 mm inside diameter of the cell wall and the electrical feed-through connectors installed at the cell base allow the use of in-vessel instrumentation for precise measurements of deformation modulus and Poisson s ratio. The standard specimen platens have O-ring grooves for sealing the specimen jacket and an upper spherical seat to minimize stress concentrations due to non-parallel specimen ends. Pore fluid lines and ports for both, upper and lower platens, are also standard for effective stress and permeability measurements. Cell and pore fluid connectors are provided at the cell base for easy interface with either the GCTS computer servo- controlled pressure intensifier or the GCTS air/oil pressure booster system. A loading piston with spherical seating is also provided with this triaxial cell.

25 24 High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-070) 70 MPa (10,000 psi) pressure & 1,000 kn (225 kips) axial load capacity Higher pressures up to 210 MPa (30,000 psi) available Hardened stainless steel construction Accepts samples with a diameter from 25 mm to 63.5 mm and with a length of 2 times the diameter Upper platen provided with a spherical seat to compensate for non-parallel specimen ends Top & bottom pore pressure plumbing provided for effective stress and permeability measurements Electrical feed-through connectors for GCTS axial and circumferential deformation measurement devices, ultrasonic sensors, and other special transducers AVAILABLE OPTIONS: Axial and circumferential deformation measurement system Platens with ultrasonic transducers for P- & S- wave velocity measurements High temperature control subsystem for testing at up to 150 C The GCTS High Pressure Triaxial Cell was designed for testing 75 mm (3 inch) rock specimens with lengths of up to 127 mm at confining pressures of up to 70 MPa and axial loads of up to 1,000 kn. Other specimen diameters can also be tested with the use of optional platens. The 127 mm inside diameter of the cell wall and the electrical feed-through connectors installed at the cell base allow the use of in-vessel instrumentation for precise measurements of deformation modulus and Poisson s ratio. The standard specimen platens have O-ring grooves for sealing the specimen jacket and an upper spherical seat to minimize stress concentrations due to non-parallel specimen ends. Pore fluid lines and ports for both, upper and lower platens, are also standard for effective stress and permeability measurements. Cell and pore fluid connectors are provided at the cell base for easy interface with either the GCTS computer servo- controlled pressure intensifier or the GCTS air/oil pressure booster system. A loading piston with spherical seating is also provided with this triaxial cell.

26 25 70 MPa (10,000 psi) pressure & 1,000 kn (225 kips) axial load capacity Higher pressures available up to 210 MPa (30,000 psi) Hardened Stainless steel construction Accepts samples with a diameter from 25 mm to 100 mm and with a length of 2 times the diameter Upper platen provided with a spherical seat to compensate for specimens with non-parallel ends Top & bottom pore pressure plumbing provided for effective stress and permeability measurements Electrical feedthrough connectors for GCTS axial and circumferential deformation measurement devices, ultrasonic sensors, & other special transducers Available options: Axial and circumferential deformation measurement system Platens with ultrasonic transducers for P- & S-wave velocity measurements High temperature control subsystem for testing at up to 150 C High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-070L) The GCTS High Pressure Triaxial Cell was designed for testing rock specimens with diameters up to 100 mm (4 inch) and 200 mm (8 inch) lengths at confining pressures of up to 70 MPa and axial loads of up to 1,000 kn. Other specimen diameters can also be tested with the use of optional platens. The 150 mm inside diameter of the cell wall and the electrical feed-through connectors installed at the cell base allow the use of in-vessel instrumentation for precise measurements of deformation modulus and Poisson s ratio. The standard specimen platens have O-ring grooves for sealing the specimen jacket and an upper spherical seat to minimize stress concentrations due to non-parallel specimen ends. Pore fluid lines and ports for both, upper and lower platens, are also standard for effective stress and permeability measurements. Cell and pore fluid connectors are provided at the cell base for easy interface with either the GCTS computer servocontrolled pressure intensifier or the GCTS air/oil pressure booster system. A loading piston with spherical seating is also provided with this triaxial cell. The standard cell includes 5 electrical feed-through connectors with 4 lines each (20 electrical lines total) to connect a variety of internal sensors such as deformation gages, P & S wave velocity transducers, acoustic emission sensors, etc. The optional high temperature control subsystem includes an internal thermocouple to measure the specimen temperature as well as a wall thermocouple to provide precise cascade temperature control and avoid temperature overshoots. In addition a high strength insulation plate is provided in order to eliminate temperature gradients inside the specimen by eliminating fast heat losses through the cell base and to the loading frame. GCTS also manufactures other rock triaxial cells for higher pressures and/or loads. Contact GCTS for information on other high pressure triaxial cells. Cell Height: mm Cell Width: mm

27 26 High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-140) HTRX-140 with temperature control option (heaters inside cell wall) & ultrasonic platens 140 MPa (20,000 psi) pressure and 2.5 MN (560 kips) axial load capacity. Higher pressures available. Accepts samples with a diameter from 25 mm to 63.5 mm and with a length of 2 times the diameter. Platens for NX (54 mm) diameter specimens come standard with this cell. Upper platen provided with a spherical seat to compensate for specimens with non-parallel ends. Top and bottom pore pressure plumbing provided for effective stress and permeability measurements. Electrical feed-through connectors for GCTS axial and circumferential deformation measurement devices or other special transducers. Available options: Axial and circumferential deformation measurement system, platens with ultrasonic transducers for P and S wave velocity measurements, and high temperature control subsystem for testing at up to 200 C The GCTS High Pressure Triaxial Cell was designed for testing (NX size 54mm diameter) rock specimens with lengths of up to 120 mm at confining pressures of up to 140 MPa and axial loads of up to 2,500 kn. Other specimen diameters can also be tested with the use of optional platens. The 150 mm inside diameter of the cell wall and the electrical feed-through connectors installed at the cell base allow the use of in-vessel instrumentation for precise measurements of deformation modulus and Poisson s ratio. The standard NX specimen platens have O-ring grooves for sealing the specimen jacket and an upper spherical seat to minimize stress concentrations due to non-parallel specimen ends. Pore fluid lines and ports for both, upper and lower platens, are also standard for effective stress and permeability measurements. Cell and pore fluid connectors are provided at the cell base for easy interface with either the GCTS computer servo- controlled pressure intensifier or the GCTS air/oil pressure booster system. A loading piston with a spherical seating is also provided with this triaxial cell. Inside Diameter: mm (6 inch) Overall Outside Diameter: mm (16.5 inch) Overall Height: mm (20.5 inch)

28 27 High Pressure Triaxial Cell (HTRX-200) The 150 mm inside diameter of the cell wall and the electrical feedthrough connectors installed at the cell base allow the use of in-vessel instrumentation for precise measurements of deformation modulus and Poisson s ratio. The standard NX specimen platens have O-ring grooves for sealing the specimen jacket and an upper spherical seat to minimize stress concentrations due to non-parallel specimen ends. Pore fluid lines and ports for both, upper and lower platens, are also standard for effective stress and permeability measurements. Cell and pore fluid connectors are provided at the cell base for easy interface with either the GCTS computer servo- controlled pressure intensifier or the GCTS air/oil pressure booster system. A loading piston with a spherical seating is also provided with this triaxial cell. The high temperature option includes a thermocouple port, heaters embedded into cell wall, insulation base plate, and insulation jacket. The insulation base plate is very important to eliminate temperature gradients within the specimen. 200 MPa (29,000 psi) pressure and 2.5 MN (560 kips) axial load capacity. Higher pressures available. Accepts samples with a diameter from 25 mm to 63.5 mm and with a length of 2 times the diameter. Platens for NX (54 mm) diameter specimens come standard with this cell. Upper platen provided with a spherical seat to compensate for specimens with non-parallel ends. Top and bottom pore pressure plumbing provided for effective stress and permeability measurements. Electrical feed-through connectors for GCTS axial and circumferential deformation measurement devices or other special transducers. Available options: Axial and circumferential deformation measurement system, platens with ultrasonic transducers for P and S wave velocity measurements, and high temperature control subsystem for testing at up to 200 C Inside Diameter: mm (6 inch) Overall Outside Diameter: mm (16.5 inch) Overall Height: mm (20.5 inch)

29 28 Heavy Duty Laboratory Coring Machine (RCD-200) 2 HP electric motor with adjustable spindle speeds from 150 through 1500 rpm. Automatic down-feed mechanism with 170- mm travel. Radial and angular adjustments to drill at different locations, water swivel, drip pan, vise table to hold prismatic rock samples, and motor head assembly vertical adjustment. Order diamond core bits separately. OPERATION 230 volts (other voltages available at no additional cost. Please specify when ordering) Hertz 3-phase SHIPPING Weight: ,480 kg. Dimensions (meters): W x 1.5D x 2.0H STANDARD DIAMOND BITS 150 to 1500 rpm spindle speed 2 HP Motor Automatic down-feed mechanism with 170-mm travel Stiff frame for true cylindrical, ridge-free samples with automatic down-feed Built in sample holder Wide variety of coring barrels to choose from Model No. Designation mm inch DCB-EX EX DCB-AX AX DCB-BX BX DCB-NX NX DCB-HQ HQ DCB-HX HX DCB DCB The GCTS Laboratory Coring Machine is capable of achieving a large range of spindle speeds to provide optimum performance when preparing test specimens, regardless of the properties of the material being sampled. All accessories are included (water swivel, drip pan, sample holder, and custom specified core barrels). Optional force/stroke control is available to optimize feeding rates for superior performance when coring material, which is not homogeneous.

30 29 Pressure Controlled Coring Machine (RCD-250) Rock Sample The GCTS Laboratory Coring Machine is capable of achieving a large range of spindle speeds to provide optimum performance when preparing test specimens, regardless of the properties of the material being sampled. All accessories are included (water swivel, drip pan, sample holder. Other standard or custom barrels are also available. The main feature that sets this coring machine above any other is the force/stroke control to optimize feeding rates for superior performance when coring material, which is not homogeneous. 1.5 HP electric motor with 12 adjustable spindle speeds from 150 through 4,200 rpm Drilling rate controlled by both pressure and speed and automatic down-feed mechanism with 250- mm travel Rigid Multi-Column drill support frame to eliminate ridges on specimen Includes quick-latch specimen holder for coring 100 mm (4 in.) specimens from 150 mm (6 in.) compacted samples Wide variety of Coring Barrels to choose from STANDARD DIAMOND BITS Model No. Designation mm inch DCB-EX EX DCB-AX AX DCB-BX BX DCB-NX NX DCB-HQ HQ DCB-HX HX DCB DCB HP electric motor with 12 adjustable spindle speeds from 150 through 4,200 rpm. Drilling rate controlled by both pressure and speed eliminating the tendency for non-homogeneous rocks to move. 250-mm travel. Specimens up to 250 mm long. Rigid Multi-Column drill support frame to eliminate ridges on specimen. Comes with your choice of cylindrical specimen holder for coring specimens from 150 mm (6 inch) compacted samples or vise table to hold prismatic rock samples. Hydraulic pump, water swivel, drip pan, vise table, and motor head assembly also included. Order diamond core bits separately. OPERATION 220 volts Hertz Single phase SHIPPING Weight: kg. Dimensions (meters): W x 1.0D x 1.4H

31 30 Specimen Grinder (RSG-200) Fast grinder with a single-pass full specimen coverage to make core loading faces parallel and flat according to ASTM and ISRM specifications. Includes Diamond grinding cup-wheel. Custom made specimen holder. The GCTS Specimen Grinder provides the final step to preparing test specimens with parallel and flat ends according to ASTM and ISRM specifications. The grinder is driven by a heavy-duty 2.0 HP electric motor for durability. A diamond grinding cup-wheel is provided along with a custom stainless steel sample holder. GCTS offers sample holders for specimen diameters from 25 mm to 150 mm. The system has a built in cooling circulator that cools the grinding cup-wheel when preparing a specimen. Fast grinder with a single-pass full specimen coverage to make core loading faces parallel and flat according to ASTM and ISRM specifications. 2 HP electric motor. Includes diamond grinding cup wheel, coolant system with 45 liters of biodegradable rock oil, magnetic chuck, and stainless steel specimen holder for 50 to 76 mm diameter specimens. OPERATION: 230 volts Hertz 3 phase SHIPPING Weight: ,220 kg. Dimensions (meters) W x 1.5D x 2.0H

32 31 Specimen Flatness Gage (RFG-100) 200 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm thick granite base (grade A, +/ " accuracy) with dial gage support for measuring flatness of specimens up to 200 mm in height. Includes electronic digital dial gage 0.01 mm (0.0005") resolution.

33 32 Soil Testing Systems

34 33 Servo Controlled Consolidation Apparatus (CRS-10) Constant Rate of Strain (CSR), Constant Gradient (CG), and conventional Consolidation Tests Electro-Pneumatic Servo Control 10 kn load capacity Automatic data logging and report generation Custom Specimen sizes available The GCTS Consolidation Apparatus is capable of performing Controlled Gradient (CG), Constant Rate of Strain (CRS), and Incremental (conventional) consolidation tests. The device is to be used inside the triaxial chamber and loading frame. Includes stainless steel specimen ring, porous stones, o-ring seals, and necessary plumbing. During the controlled gradient (CG) test, a pore pressure transducer mounted on the base provides a feedback signal, which is used in the operating software to provide a preset loading rate on the test specimen. The constant rate of strain test (CRS) can also be performed using the GCTS Consolidation Apparatus. Using deformation sensor, which monitors axial strain on the specimen, the sample is loaded at a preset rate of strain controlled by the system software. The conventional or incremental consolidation test is performed through application of an axial load on the test specimen at preset loading steps or increments. The GCTS CRS-10 Consolidation Apparatus includes a loading frame, load cell, deformation sensor, pore pressure sensor, servo valve and the SCON1500 servo controller and data acquisition system to automatically perform the above tests. Windows software is also provided to set the tests as well as to monitor in real time the test data and data reduction. Maximum Load: Standard Specimen size: Maximum Specimen Size: Excitation: Operation: 10 kn 63 mm (2.5 inch) 75 mm (3 inch) 10 VDC 110/220 VAC 1,000 kpa dry, compressed air GCTS can also provide consolidation systems for larger specimens and larger loads. Other options include bender elements to measure shear wave velocities and HAEV ceramic disks to obtain soil-water- characteristic curves (SWCC). Please contact GCTS to inquire about these or any other option. SHIPPING Weight : Volume: 350 kg. 1.5 m 3 approximately

35 34 Direct Shear Testing System for Soils (SDS-100) Closed-loop servo control of double acting (push/pull) 20 kn (2 ton) shear load actuator with ±25 mm stroke & 20 kn (2 ton) normal load capacity with 50 mm stroke Normal load reaction support mounted on sliding bearings to minimize horizontal friction Accepts specimens with up to 100 mm (4") diameter or 70 mm (2.75") square specimens Software for automatic performance of direct shear tests with constant normal stress or normal stiffness Real time graphical display of test progress Mounted on a cart with casters Other load capacities & specimen size dimensions are available, including large-scale test systems for shear loads of up to 1,000 kn (100 ton) & specimen sizes up to 300 mm diameter or side This system features electro-hydraulic closed-loop digital servo control of the shear and normal loads for test automation. Loads or deformations for both the shear and normal actuators can be prescribed for automatically performing conventional direct shear tests as well as more advanced tests. This system can be easily programmed to perform tests such as the constant normal stiffness test where the normal load is a function of a prescribed stiffness for simulating actual compressibility of a ground shear plane (e.g. soil-pile interaction). The GCTS Direct Shear Test System is especially well suited to test coarse granular materials because of its large sample size and high load capacity. A major advantage over conventional motorized system is that this system eliminates vibrations that can disturb or densify granular specimens. The SDS-100 is mounted on a convenient cart with caster that not only supports the apparatus but also houses the hydraulics inside. Power: 120 or 220 VAC (Contact GCTS for full specifications and available options) SHIPPING Weight : kg. Dimensions: m x 1.2 m x 1.2 m

36 35 Direct Shear Testing System for Soils and Asphalts (SDS-150) Closed-loop servo control of double acting (push/pull) 50 kn (5 ton) shear load actuator with 100 mm (±50 mm) stroke & 50 kn (5 ton) normal load capacity with 50 mm stroke Normal load reaction support mounted on sliding bearings to minimize horizontal friction Accepts 150 mm (6") square specimens Software for automatic performance of direct shear tests with constant normal stress or normal stiffness Available interface platens to test soils, asphalt and geo-membranes. Other load capacities & specimen size dimensions are available, including large-scale test systems for shear loads of up to 1,000 kn (100 ton) & specimen sizes up to 300 mm diameter or side This system features electro-hydraulic closed-loop digital servo control of the shear and normal loads for test automation. Loads or deformations for both the shear and normal actuators can be prescribed for automatically performing conventional direct shear tests as well as more advanced tests. This system can be easily programmed to perform tests such as the constant normal stiffness test where the normal load is a function of a prescribed stiffness for simulating actual compressibility of a ground shear plane (e.g. soil-pile interaction). The GCTS Direct Shear Test System is especially well suited to test coarse granular materials including interface because of its large sample size and high load capacity. A major advantage over conventional motorized system is that this system eliminates vibrations that can disturb or densify granular specimens. Contact GCTS

37 36 Servo-Controlled Simple Shear Testing System (SSH-100) Dynamic and static simple shear apparatus capable of applying cyclic loads up to 20 Hz Digital servo control of shear and normal loads or displacements Servo control of the confining pressure Acrylic cell capable of 1,000 kpa (150 psi) lateral confining pressure (2,000 kpa option available) Includes lines for top and bottom specimen drainage 25 kn normal and shear load capacity Lateral support of top cap to minimize rotation compliance & sliding base mounted on pre-loaded linear bearings Optional internal load cell and deformation sensors with overload protection Software for automatic performance of simple shear tests with real time graphical display of test progress Optional ultrasonic platens and unsaturated testing Automatic tilt mechanism for fast and easy specimen installation The design of the GCTS Simple Shear System is based on our external cell wall triaxial system. The apparatus has a fixed top and a sliding bottom base mounted on special linear bearings. The system also has a stiff internal support to minimize lateral compliance of the top cap. One of the main advantages of the GCTS Simple Shear System is that our apparatus does not require a reinforced membrane as lateral support is provided via the confining pressure. This means that consolidation can be done at K values other than Ko. The confining pressure can be servo controlled and together with the hydraulic servo control of the normal and shear loads, the GCTS system is capable of performing advanced tests such as zero volume change. The system is capable of testing 100 mm (4 in.) and 71 mm (2.8 in.) diameter specimens. Because the internal lateral support can be adjusted up or down, various specimen heights can be tested. This means that the system can be used to test either simple shear or triaxial test specimens with heights up to 2.5 times the diameter.

38 37 Dynamic Hollow Cylinder Testing System (HCA-100) Standard systems to test 100 mm outside diameter & 50 mm inside diameter (25 mm wall thickness) Systems also available to test 150 mm OD and 75 mm ID Optional unsaturated soils testing system package also available Internal high-speed torque motor for resonant column testing, ultrasonic platens, and temperature controller options also available Complete "turn-key" system Direct digital servo control of axial load, torque, confining pressure, internal pressure, and back pressure are achievable using the GCTS Dynamic Hollow Cylinder Testing System for performing "true triaxial" tests. This system is capable of simulating most field stress/strain path tests (static or dynamic) including plane strain, simple shear, and small shear strains. Other possible tests include, measurement of dynamic shear strength & deformation, liquefaction potential, shear modulus and damping ratio. The system is versatile in allowing the user to design custom procedures with operating frequencies of up to 50 Hz. Closed-loop digital servo control ±225 Nm torsional loads & up to ±100 kn axial loads at up to 50 Hz Confining, back/pore, and internal pressure servo control up to 1,000 kpa Angular displacement sensor with a deflection range of ±25 to measure large shear strains (±40 optional) Non-contacting deformation sensors with a ±2.5 mm range to detect small shear strains The system software advices the user on how to perform testing tasks and also reminds the user of important steps that may need to be executed (such as opening or closing a valve at required test stages). The program helps the user to select proper testing parameters and provides the necessary information to automatically execute the test. The Graphical User Interface with context sensitive on-line help and intuitive color windows help minimize the learning time and enables laboratory personnel to conduct more sophisticated testing programs at an economical price. The system manages all the instrumentation and continuously monitors sensor outputs to accurately account for uplift pressures acting on the loading piston, area changes, deformation and volume change sensor setup, re-positioning, etc. Contact GCTS

39 38 Poly-Axial Test System (SPAX-2000) Tests cubical specimens 75 x 75 mm by 150 mm height Capable of applying 5 MPa & 2 MPa for the maximum major and minor stresses, respectively Independent stress or strain closed-loop digital servo control of each one of the three axes Front and back-hinged doors swing open for easy specimen access Internal load cells are rigidly attached to upper and both side loading platens Especially well suited for Ko-consolidation testing Turn-key systems Systems also manufactured to customer specifications Unsaturated soils triaxial testing The Poly-Axial System includes four hydraulic load rams equipped with LVDT s so that each platen can be independently computer-controlled. The feedback control can be either stress or strain. With this configuration the specimen can be maintained centered minimizing end platen friction. This is accomplished by always making one of the LVDT s on each plane with hydraulic loaders the master and the opposing LVDT the slave. The master LVDT can be controlled to deform at a particular rate, including zero, and the slave is automatically programmed to deform an equal amount. Each one of the horizontal loading rams has an internal load cell because there can be significant end platen friction at the top and bottom porous stones, especially if the specimen exhibits significant non-homogeneity. The load cell at the bottom vertical loader is omitted because the side platens are smooth and can be lubricated making end platen friction much less an issue for this direction. Pore pressures are measured at the top and bottom specimen ends. Stresses/strains in the axis 3 directions are applied through the chamber fluid pressure. A volume change device is used to measure and control the strains in this direction. Optional proximity sensors can also be used to measure deformations in this direction. Contact GCTS

40 39 Resilient Modulus and Asphalt Testing System (MRT-300) Advanced testing for soils and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Electro-Hydraulic or Electro-Pneumatic Digital Servo Control Easy to use software for automatic test performance Meets AASHTO, SHRP and ASTM standards Triaxial cells for specimens from 71 mm (2.8 ) to 150 mm (6 ) diameter Available Indirect Tension fixtures to perform ASTM D4123 and SHRP P-7 Complete turn-key systems The GCTS Resilient Modulus and Asphalt Testing System boasts a modular design which allows the system to be configured to test asphalt and soil in a variety of modes. This system is based on the GCTS SCON Digital Signal Conditioning and Controller and can be supplied with pneumatic or hydraulic loader. The GCTS Resilient Modulus software features built in AASTHO, SHRP, and NCHRP test sequences, and the capability to specify user defined sequences. Contact stress is automatically adjusted according to the above procedures as selected. Available waveforms include haversine, sine, square and triangular, along with a user defined waveform selection. Optional peak & valley compensation ensures proper and quick matching of the load parameters. Real time displays of the prescribed versus actual dynamic load or the dynamic deformation measurements by each sensor are always present. Deformation ratio of the two sensors, Rv (to ensure that the two deformation sensors are in agreement) and Mr are also calculated in real time. During export, curve fitting is done to fit the results to models that predict Mr as a function of σm, σd, and CP (cell pressure). Four different functions are calculated automatically (as required by AASHTO and NCHRP procedures): Mr = K1 (σm) K 2 Mr = K1 (σd) K 2 Mr = K1 (σd) K 2 CP K 3 Mr = K1 Pa[(Θ-3K6)/Pa] K 2 [τoct/pa + K7] K 3 For testing asphalt at different temperatures, an optional environmental chamber can be provided. This chamber can accommodate triaxial, indirect tension, beam flexural fatigue, dynamic modulus and all the other testing fixtures GCTS offers. Temperatures of 30 to +150 C (with liquid nitrogen boost) can be achieved with this option. AASHTO TYPE 2 Material Compaction Mold Contact GCTS for a system proposal including specifications based on your testing requirements.

41 40 Resonant Column/ Torsional Shear Testing System (TSH-100 & TSH-200) Capable of performing modulus/damping resonant column and torsional tests on soils and asphalts (solid and hollow specimens) Easy-to-use software for the automatic performance of resonant column & torsional shear tests Floating drive and measurement system to allow for large angular & axial specimen deformations 1,000 kpa (150 psi) maximum confining pressure. Larger capacities upon request Higher confining pressures available with stainless steel cell wall Platens with ultrasonic transducers for P- and S- wave velocity measurements are available as an option Available upgrades of most resonant column systems to a computer-controlled system This GCTS System combines the features of both resonant column and torsional shear devices into one system so that the effects of soil parameters such as void ratio, confining pressure, strain amplitude, and number of load cycles on shear modulus and material damping can be evaluated. In fact, by utilizing all available options, this system is capable of the full spectrum of modulus measurement, ranging from ultra low strains to high strains with significant overlap. For the resonant column test a torsional drive is used to vibrate the top of the soil specimen at first-mode resonance at frequencies up to 250 Hz while the bottom is fixed. Noncontacting rotational sensor and a torque transducer attached to the top platen monitor the torsional motion and torque directly. The non-contacting sensor is located on extended arms to amplify the rotational deformation providing a shear strain resolution of An optional accelerometer can also be installed to measure large shear strains. The GCTS System can also perform closed-loop torsional shear tests (stress or strain controlled) on the same soil specimen, either statically or dynamically at up to 50 Hz. With this system, soil specimens can be tested under isotropic (hydrostatic) or anisotropic conditions. The driving and measuring system are mounted on a "floating" frame allowing large vertical specimen deformations throughout the complete test. Its unique configuration also allows for very large shear deformations of up to ±20. Standard systems available for 71-mm and 100-mm diameter specimens available. Other platens sizes are also available. Electrical: or 220 VAC / Hz (specify when ordering) Sample Sizes:.... TSH , 50 & 70 mm TSH , 70 & 100 mm See brochure for full specifications.

42 41 Pneumatic Soil Triaxial Testing System (STX-050) Closed-loop digital servo control Automatic multi-stage testing Static & dynamic loading Stress/strain path Frequencies up to 5 Hertz Unsaturated soil testing upgrade Complete test automation including saturation, consolidation, & shear Affordably priced The triaxial testing system is intended for performing conventional triaxial tests, namely a constant rate of strain axial compression test, as well as advanced procedures such as Ko test and stress/strain path. This system also provides the necessary versatility to easily perform dynamic tests for liquefaction, resilient modulus, and cyclic strength, to mention a few. The triaxial testing system includes all of the necessary software modules to perform the above tests. The system includes automatic ball valve to automatically perform B-value checks as well as to open/close the drainage path as required by different test stages. The program helps the user select the proper testing parameters and provides the necessary information required to automatically execute the desired test. The Graphical User Interface with context-sensitive online help and intuitive color windows helps minimize learning time and enables laboratory personnel to conduct more complex, but realistic, testing programs at substantially lower operating cost and also with minimal operator error. The system manages all the instrumentation and continuously monitors sensor outputs to accurately account for uplift pressures acting on the loading piston, area changes, deformation and volume change sensors setup and repositioning, etc. Summary results for individual test specimens can be generated in report format and files can be merged to produce a Mohr envelope plot for up to five specimens. Data acquired from all the software modules can be easily transferred to other programs like spreadsheets, databases, etc. SHIPPING Standard volume: m x 1.3m x 1.0m Standard weight: kg See the STX-50 Brochure for full system specifications

43 42 Cyclic / Stress-Path Soil Triaxial System (STX) Closed-Loop Digital Servo Control Specimen Diameter from 70 mm to 150 mm Dynamic and Static Loading Frequencies up to 30 Hz Electro-hydraulic Axial loads up to 100 kn Cell Pressures up to 2,000 kpa Meets ASTM D-3999 & D-5311 Standards The STX triaxial testing systems are intended for performing dynamic tests for liquefaction, resilient modulus, cyclic strength, complex modulus, and other dynamic triaxial tests including synchronized cyclic axial and confining stress loading. This system also provides the necessary versatility to automatically perform conventional triaxial tests as well as advanced procedures such as stress or strain path. The standard STX system includes all the necessary hardware and software to automatically perform all triaxial stages including saturation, consolidation, and easily created cyclic and static customized test procedures. It allows creation of an unlimited variety of waveforms including user-generated profiles such as a digitized earthquake record. The system software provides advice for the user as to how to perform testing tasks. The program helps the user select the proper testing parameters and provides the necessary information required to automatically execute the desired test. The Graphical User Interface helps minimize learning time and enables laboratory personnel to conduct more complex, but realistic, testing programs at substantially lower operating cost and also with minimal operator error. Summary results for individual test specimens can be generated in report format and files can be merged to produce a Mohr envelope plot for up to five specimens. Data acquired from all the software modules can be easily transferred to other programs like spreadsheets, databases, etc. Standard systems available for testing specimens with a diameter of 71-mm, 100-mm, and 150-mm. Large-Scale systems are also available. Model Max. Specimen Load Frame Diameter Capacity STX mm kn STX mm kn STX mm kn See the STX-100 brochure for full specifications.

44 43 Frozen Soil Triaxial System (FSTX-100) 200 kn (44 kips) axial load & 20,000 kpa (3,000 psi) cell pressure capacity Computer temperature control to -15ºC (-30ºC with LN2) & high temperatures up to +80 C. Electro-hydraulic closed-loop digital servo control Software modules for the performance of UU, CU, and CD static tests with stress path control and dynamic tests such as liquefaction, modulus/damping measurement, cyclic strength, and resilient modulus Available options: Internal axial &circumferential deformation measurement system, platens with ultrasonic transducers for P-and S-wave velocity measurements. The GCTS Frozen Soil Triaxial System uses a computer controlled metering valve and an internal copper vaporization coil for controlling test temperatures below the ambient room temperature. Measurements from two temperature probes are used to calculate and control the average temperature inside the triaxial cell. Included with this system is an efficient electrical heating and cooling unit for controlling the temperature inside the triaxial cell. This unit, unlike the LN2 systems, offers a safe and low operating cost. However, LN2 is required for temperatures under -15 C. A cascade digital temperature control is integrated with the testing software for precise temperature control while eliminating temperature overshoots. The complete system also includes the load frame, triaxial cell, volume change device, pressure panel, sensors, digital signal conditioning, and software for complete integration of the testing system. This system accepts specimens with diameters from 35 mm to 75 mm, and with specimen lengths of 2.5 times the diameter. Platens for 71 mm diameter specimens come standard with this system. An automatic lift is provided to rise and lower the metallic cell wall for easy specimen setup. Contact GCTS

45 44 Unsaturated Soil Triaxial Testing System (USTX-2000) Pressure Volume Controller Volume Change Device Porous Stone Outer Cell Wall Specimen Inner Cell Wall Ceramic Stone Flushing Tube Water Reservoir Pressure Transducer Manual Ball Valve Automatic Ball Valve Automatic 4-Way Valve CP Uw Ua Cell Pressure Pore Water Pressure Pore Air Pressure Ua Uw CP Fully integrated system with multi-directional automatic valves: volume change & diffused air flushing devices; de-airing tank; & vacuum pump Direct control/measurement of pore water pressure (uw) at top/bottom of the specimen Direct control/measurement of pore air pressure (ua) at the top of the test specimen Performs static and dynamic tests: Sat/Unsat Triaxial Shear with stress/strain path Drying/wetting Soil Water Characteristic Curves (SWCC) Hydraulic Conductivity Measurements with suction control Saturated/Unsaturated Consolidation Response to Wetting Test Liquefaction Resilient Modulus Cyclic Strength Frequencies up to 5 Hertz with significant amplitudes (larger with electro-hydraulic option) Closed-loop digital servo control Double cell wall construction for accurate overall volume change measurements Easily exchangeable HAEV ceramic stones Complete 'turn-key' system The GCTS Unsaturated Soil Triaxial System is an electropneumatic system with closed-loop digital servo control. Electrohydraulic option is available for performing tests at higher frequencies or amplitudes. This system is developed for performing fully automated static and dynamic triaxial tests on saturated or unsaturated soil specimens. The system includes all the software modules and electrical valves required for automatic testing. The axial loader, cell pressure, pore air pressure, and pore water/back pressure are servo controlled using any system sensor as feedback. The adoption of double cell walls essentially eliminates the compliance errors associated with single cell when measuring overall; specimen volume changes. This system performs unsaturated soil testing with a degree of automation not presently found in any other commercially available system. This system includes motorized ball valves to automatically recharge the pressure volume controllers; flush air bubbles diffused through the ceramic stone; and reverse the direction of the volume change device that enables infinite volume measurement range as required by the on-going test. This system also includes components such as a de-airing water reservoir and vacuum pump to perform saturated or unsaturated soil triaxial tests. The system software provides over 20 parameters for real time display and/or control. These parameters include stresses, strains, suction, etc. (see CATS-TRX brochure for a complete list). The Graphical User Interface enables laboratory personnel to conduct more complex, but realistic, testing programs at substantially lower operating cost with minimal operator error. (See brochure for a complete list of specifications)

46 45 Soil-Water Characteristic Cell (SWC-150) Simulation of vertical pressure. Tracking volume changes. Tracking water content Applied suctions up to 1,500 kpa Both drying (de-adsorption) and wetting (adsorption) curves Dual pressure gauges and regulators for precise pressure control Null-type initial suction measurements using axistranslation technique (optional) Stainless steel construction with hand-operated knobs for fast setup Pressure compensator on the loading ram Flushing ability and measurement of diffused air Hanging column option for applying low suctions in 1 to 5 kpa range Heater option for preventing vapor condensation inside the cell The Fredlund SWCC Device is a simple unsaturated soil testing apparatus with great flexibility for applying matric suctions while following various stress paths. The device can be used to obtain the complete soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) for a soil. The Fredlund SWCC Device allows you to control matric suctions from near zero values up to 1500 kpa (i.e., 15 bars), and is capable of applying one-dimensional loading, Ko, to a specimen with a diameter up to 75 mm. The device is economically priced and is a complete turn-key system. The cell is constructed of stainless steel and includes the necessary plumbing and valves for periodic flushing and measuring of diffused air. Several different high-air-entry-value (HAVE) ceramic stones can be easily interchanged. An optional pneumatic load frame loader is available to apply larger normal pressures. Through its convenient design, the apparatus allows the use of a single soil specimen to obtain the entire SWCC with any number of data points. Contact GCTS SHIPPING Standard weight: kg (128 lbs) Standard volume: Case x 30 x 30 cm (16 x 12 x 12 in) Case x 41 x 48 cm (26 x 16 x 19 in)

47 46 Soil Testing Components

48 47 Load Frame (FRM-10P) 10 kn standard capacity Top mounted actuator Electro-pneumatic servo controlled Adjustable crosshead beam Stainless steel and hard-anodized aluminum construction Available frames with larger load capacities up to 24 kn The GCTS load frame is relatively lightweight but highly stable and has a small tabletop footprint. The load frame consists of two large, stainless steel threaded columns with a hard-anodized aluminum cross head beam and a large, thick bottom plate for stability. The bottom plate is threaded for the two upright columns and for hold-down bolts to secure the triaxial cell. The stainless steel nuts on the frame columns can be used to easily adjust the height of the crosshead beam to accommodate variable specimen or cell heights. The crosshead beam supports the double acting load cylinder used to apply the axial load with 50 mm stroke and pneumatic servo valve for closed-loop control of axial load or axial displacement at frequencies up to 10 Hz. GCTS loaders offer low start up pressure, extremely sensitive response, very low friction, and low breakaway force for smooth action. These loaders are servo actuated with pneumatic pressure. Stroke mm (2 inch) Actuator load capacity... +/- 10 kn. Frequency response mm peak-to-peak 5 Hz Maximum vertical daylight opening mm. Horizontal daylight opening mm. NOTE: Requires a 1,000 kpa clean, dry air supply

49 48 Load Frame (FRM-100) 100 kn capacity Top mounted actuator Electro-hydraulic servo controlled Adjustable crosshead beam Stainless steel and hard-anodized aluminum construction Larger (or smaller) load capacity frames are also available Optional automatic hydraulic cross head lift Frames made to customer specifications The GCTS load frame is relatively lightweight but highly stable and has a small tabletop footprint. The load frame consists of two large, stainless steel threaded columns with a hard-anodized aluminum cross head beam and a large, thick bottom plate for stability. The bottom plate is threaded for the two upright columns and for hold-down bolts to secure the triaxial cell. The stainless steel nuts on the frame columns can be used to easily adjust the height of the crosshead beam to accommodate variable specimen or cell heights. The crosshead beam supports the double acting load cylinder used to apply the axial load. GCTS loaders offer low start up pressure, extremely sensitive response, very low friction, and low breakaway force for smooth action. These loaders are servo actuated with hydraulic pressure. Stroke mm (4 inch) Static load capacity /- 100 kn Dynamic load capacity /- 80 kn Maximum frequency Hertz Maximum velocity mm/sec Maximum vertical daylight Opening ,000 mm Horizontal daylight opening mm Note: Frequency and amplitude capacity depends on hydraulic power pack and servo valve flow capacity. Maximum velocity is specified with 19 LPM (5 GPM) servo valve.

50 49 Soil Axial Deformation Device (DEF-6100) Standard available sizes include: 71 mm, 100mm, and 150 mm diameter specimens (other sizes available as an option) Horizontally guided to prevent rotation Made of acrylic with lightening holes for minimum mass Can be used for Uniaxial or Triaxial testing Measures axial strains directly on specimen Very easy to setup and use. Meets NCHRP requirements The GCTS Soil Deformation Device measures axial strain directly on the specimen providing accurate results. The device consists of an upper and lower support rings machined with a low weight, high strength design. The GCTS Soil Deformation Device is available in standard sizes and also in custom sizes. The DEF-6100-AXC Internal Axial Measurement Device includes two axial LVDT holder rings, soft-tipped and can be used with submersible or standard LVDTs (used with non-conductive media only). The Transducer supports are split in two halves, clamped using rubber bands and guided in order to prevent rotation or folding of the two halves while allowing for lateral expansion. For soft specimens, the clamps can be set onto the top and bottom platen to prevent damage to the specimen. Part No. Specimen Diameter DEF-6100 device shown with optional DEF-SRCP* DEF-6100-AXC-071: DEF-6100-AXC-100: DEF-6100-AXC-150: 71 mm 100 mm 150 mm *Note: LVDT sensors and DEF-SRCP Circumferential Measurement device for radial strains are sold separately

51 50 Soil Circumferential Deformation Device (DEF-SRCP) Measures average radial strains. 2,000 kpa water service Accommodates specimens with an initial diameter from 35 mm to 75 mm. Made of lightweight materials for minimum mass Can be used for Uniaxial or Triaxial testing. Includes non-contacting sensor Very easy to setup and use The GCTS Soil circumferential Deformation Device measures the average change in circumference directly on the specimen providing accurate results. The device consists of a circumferential roller assembly made anodized aluminum links and Teflon rollers to ensure smooth displacements. This material combination has a small mass and high stiffness to minimize device compliance. The DEF-SRCP includes an integrated submersible proximitor sensor with 5 mm range. The standard DEF-SRCP can be configured to accommodate specimens with an initial diameter from 35 mm to 75 mm by adding or removing assembly links. Additional links can be purchased to accommodate specimens with up to 150 mm in diameter. For larger specimens diameters we recommend to use the GCTS DEF-SRCP-600 (see Large Scale Deformation Device catalogue) Resolution: Deformation range: Maximum pressure: Media Excitation: Output: SHIPPING Weight : Dimensions: 0.2 um 5 mm 2,000 kpa Water/oil 5 VDC 0-5 VC 2 kg. 15 x 15 x 10 cm

52 51 Large-Scale Deformation Device (DEF-S1600) attached to the specimen using tension springs. The two holders are guided by a precision bearing and light shaft to maintain parallelism, eliminating block rotation errors. Different size extension rods can be purchased from GCTS to measure axial deformation over different gage lengths. Several DEF-S1610 devices can be installed in one specimen to measure the average axial deformation. A minimum of two DEF- S1610 located at 180 degrees from each other should be used. Using more than 4 such device will become impractical. The GCTS DEF-SRCP-600 is a device for measuring the circumferential change in a cylindrical specimen inside the triaxial cell. Radial strain can then be calculated from the circumferential deformation. The standard DEF-SRCP-600 device includes a 10 mm (0.4 inch) range water-submersible LVDT. This LVDT can be positioned in three different locations to provide three different deformation ranges using the same LVDT. The smallest range with the best resolution is achieved by mounting the LVDT holder and target holder right on the chain end blocks. In the same way, the largest range can be achieved by setting the LVDT and target holders at the bottom of the V arms. These 3 different mechanical ranges translate roughly to 10%, 2.5% and 1% radial strain ranges on a 300-mm diameter specimen. Measures average axial and radial Strains on 300 mm diameter specimens Waterproof to 2,000 kpa Available devices for cylindrical specimens with diameters from 200 mm to more than 1,000 mm Can be used for testing soils, asphalt, concrete and other materials User configurable The DEF-S1600 deformation device is composed of two, three, or four DEF-S1610 Axial Deformation Gages and one or two DEF-SRCP-600 circumferential deformation gages. Each DEF-S1610 includes one LVDT holder with a 150 mm radius, one rod extension holder with the same radius, and one rod extension for measuring the axial strains. This device measures the axial strains within the middle halve of the specimen height (from the upper 1/4 to the lower 1/4 of the specimen height) away from the platen end effects. Holders are DEF-S1610 Range mm Excitation Volt 3 khz AC Output (typ) mv/v/mm Repeatability micron * DEF-SRCP-600 Range mm Range mm Range mm Excitation Volt 3 khz AC Output (typ) mv/v/mm Repeatability micron * *Note: The repeatability specification is for the LVDT sensor only. The absolute repeatability depends on system mechanics. Other ranges and outputs available. Consult factory for specifications.

53 52 Soil Triaxial Cell (TRX) The triaxial cell is constructed of stainless steel. The standard unit features a see-through Plexiglas external cell wall. The advantages of the external cell wall are that after the specimen is completely ready for a test, the cell wall is lowered over the cell and fastened into place with minimum disturbance to the test sample. All the standard triaxial cells can accommodate smaller diameter specimens using optional platens. These triaxial cells accept specimens with a length of 2 to 2.5 times the diameter. Standard units comes with a set of top and bottom SS or anodized platens, porous stones, and all necessary O-rings. Reinforced metal rings are also standard with these cells. The ductility of metal rings offer and additional safety factor in case the acrylic cell wall is accidentally damaged. At the bottom of the cell are valves and quick disconnect fittings for top drainage/pore pressure, bottom drainage/pore pressure and chamber filling/emptying. Five bleed ports located at the high points are also provided to completely remove air bubbles remaining while filling the cell with water. Stainless steel construction 1,000 kpa (150 psi) capacity Cells with 2,000 kpa capacity also available External cell wall (internal tie rods) Top and bottom drainage Stiff, low friction loading piston and graphite seal External or internal load cells and LVDT s Three standard triaxial cells for 70-mm, 100-mm, and 150-mm specimen diameters Available large-scale triaxial cells for testing specimens up to 1,000-mm (40") diameter The loading piston diameter for the 70-mm cell is a 15.9 mm (5/8") SS shaft and 25.4 mm (1 ) for the 100-mm and 150 -mm cells, which is not easily bent. A stainless steel, extra precision ball bearing guides the loading shaft. Both, swivel loading buttons and rigid threaded connectors are provided with these cells. The swivel buttons allow the top cap to rotate during loading. The threaded adaptor is used for a rigid connection. A rigid connection imposes a different boundary condition forcing the axial deformation to be uniform. Stress reversal is easily applied with this adaptor. All triaxial cells include a threaded joint at the other end of the loading shaft to connect to the load frame allowing full compression or tension loads. The TRX-100 connection is a 1/2 20 UNF male thread and the TRX-200/300 a 5/8-18 UNF male thread. Up to eight feed-through ports to connect internal instrumentation can be added as an option. Other options include Model Max. Specimen Diameter TRX mm TRX mm TRX mm

54 53 Unsaturated Soils Triaxial Double Cell (TRX-2C) The main feature of this triaxial cell is the incorporation of a double cell wall. This prevents differential pressure changes for the inner wall while changing the confining pressure and thus eliminating volume changes errors associated with single cell units due to cell expansion. The triaxial cell is constructed of stainless steel and accommodates cylindrical specimens up to 75-mm in diameter with length to diameter ratio between 2 to 2.5. The system features see-through Plexiglas external double cell wall and a stiff loading piston with a low friction graphite seal. The advantage of the double external cell wall is that once the specimen is ready, the cell wall is lowered over the cell and fastened in place with minimum disturbance to the specimen. Even though the piston friction is typically negligible, an internal load cell option is provided if desired to fully eliminate the friction. The low-friction graphite seal offer less than 10 N friction resistance (5 N typical) and without the static friction behavior normally associated with standard O-ring seals. Stainless steel construction 2,000 kpa (300 psi) capacity Double external cell wall (internal tie rods) Top pore air, bottom pore water, bottom flushing, & independent internal & external cell pressure/drainage ports Sealed electrical feed-through connectors for internal instrumentation including deformation device, ultrasonic velocity, mid-plane pore pressure, and other sensors Specimen platens with easily interchangeable HAEV ceramic discs Stiff, low friction loading piston & graphite seal High ductility metallic reinforcement rings At the bottom of the cell are ball valves and quick disconnect fittings for top drainage/pore pressure, bottom drainage/pore pressure, bottom flushing, internal confining fluid pressure and external confining fluid pressure. The external and internal confining fluid ports are isolated from each other allowing for an external volume change device to measure the bulk specimen deformation while virtually eliminating compliance errors from pressure changes. A bleeding port is also provided at the top of the cell. Included is an internal spherical seat loading connection set and a rigid loading connection for stress reversal. Stress reversal is easily applied with these cells. The loading piston diameter a 15.9 mm (5/8") SS shaft which is not easily bent. It is threaded at both ends and screws into the top platen. The standard unit also includes 4 sealed electrical feed-through connectors to accommodate different type of sensors like load cells, LVDT's, ultrasonic transducers, etc. Also includes four plugs for sealing the feed-through connectors while not in use. Contact GCTS

55 54 Large-Scale Soil Triaxial Cell (TRX-600) The TRX-600 Triaxial Cell is ideal for testing soils with coarse particles in static or dynamic mode. It is also well suited for testing ballast material composed of crushed gravels and other sharp particles. GCTS can also provide reinforced sample membranes that minimize punctures as well as membrane penetration while offering a low stretch resistance. This triaxial cell is constructed of stainless steel. It accepts specimens with diameters up to 300-mm and lengths of 2 to 2.25 times the diameter. The standard unit features a light-weight see-through Plexiglas cell wall reinforced with anodized aluminum rings. The ductility of metal rings offer an additional safety factor in case the acrylic cell wall is accidentally damaged. The TRX-600 triaxial cell comes with a set of top and bottom stainless steel platens, porous stones, and all necessary O-rings. At the bottom of the cell are valves and quick disconnect fittings for top drainage/pore pressure, bottom drainage/pore pressure and chamber filling/emptying. Bleed ports located at the high points on the top plate are also provided to completely remove air bubbles remaining while filling the cell with water. The cell base includes an air cushion channel that allows the triaxial cell to easily slide on a flat surface. This air cushion facilitates the positioning of the triaxial cell under the loading frame. The TRX-600 includes a stainless steel extra precision ball bearing to guide the loading shaft. Both swivel loading buttons and rigid threaded connectors are provided with this cell. The swivel buttons allow the top cap to rotate during loading. The threaded adaptor is used for a rigid connection, imposing a different boundary condition by forcing the axial deformation to be uniform. Stress reversal is easily applied with this adaptor. A split compaction mold is also included with this cell. Available options include the GCTS DEF-S1600 Submersible internal instrumentation to measure axial and radial strains. This device can be provided with two or three axial gages and one or two circumferential gages. Also available are pneumatic vibratory compactors with adjustable frequency. Complete testing systems including dynamic load frames, pressure panels, and servo control can be provided by GCTS. Accepts samples with a 300-mm diameter and up to 700-mm height 1,000 kpa (150 psi) pressure capacity Stainless steel construction Light-weight reinforced acrylic cell wall Top and bottom specimen drainage Low friction graphite seal Hardened stainless steel loading piston and extra-precision ball bushing guide Rigid loading connection for stress reversal External or internal load cells and LVDT s Feed-through connectors for GCTS axial and radial strain measurement devices and other transducers Complete testing systems available from GCTS Overall Cell Height: ,400 mm Overall Cell Width: mm Load frame connection UNF male threads SHIPPING Standard Weight: kg Standard Volume: mm x 710 mm x 1,400 mm

56 55 Controlled Gradient Consolidation Apparatus (TRX-CRX) Mounts inside the triaxial cell Quick assembly and disassembly design feature Stand alone unit also available Custom sizes available The GCTS TRX=CRX Consolidation Apparatus is capable of performing Controlled Gradient (CG), Constant Rate of Strain (CRS), and Incremental (conventional) consolidation tests. The device is to be used inside the triaxial chamber and with a loading frame. It includes a stainless steel specimen ring, porous stones, o-ring seals, and necessary plumbing. The controlled gradient (CG) test can be performed using the GCTS Consolidation Apparatus. During the test, a pore pressure transducer mounted on the base provides a feedback signal, which is used in the operating software to provide a preset loading rate on the test specimen. The constant rate of strain test (CRS) can also be performed using the GCTS Consolidation Apparatus. Using an LVDT, which monitors axial strain on the specimen, the sample is loaded at a preset rate of strain controlled by the system software. The conventional or incremental consolidation test is performed through application of an axial load on the test specimen at preset loading steps or increments. The stand alone GCTS Consolidation Apparatus does not require a loading frame or triaxial cell to operate. Axial load is applied by air or nitrogen gas against a frictionless piston assembly. The unit also has an LVDT mounted inside to supply direct axial strain measurements SHIPPING Weight: kg Dimensions (meters): W x 0.6D x 0.6H 8/8/2005

57 56 Diffused Air Flushing Device (DAF-200) Large flushing capacity High resolution Electronic readout of water level Computer-controlled ball valve for automated flushing Insensitive to atmospheric pressure changes Units available with manual valve and level indicator GCTS Diffused-Air Flushing device is an accessory designed to eliminate diffused air bubbles formed beneath ceramic plates during unsaturated soil testing such as triaxial, direct shear, and SWCC. The water expelled or absorbed by a soil specimen during testing migrates through the ceramic stone installed at the bottom of the specimen. Due to diffusion, a small amount of air also passes through the stone depending on the applied suction and the duration of the test. To obtain an accurate measurement of water expelled or absorbed, the diffused air should be flushed out of the system. GCTS Diffused-Air Flushing device is connected to the bottom of the ceramic stone via a computer-controlled ball valve. A water level sensor is attached to the bottom of the device. Air flushing is performed by opening the ball valve and moving sufficient amount of water. Then the water level is brought back to the original level by the pressure/volume controller. The new position of the pressure/volume controller gives the amount of migrated water. Note that the water level in the flushing device is used as a reference only, and it does not provide any water volume information. Economically priced units with manual valves and level indicators are also available. Resolution: Flushing capacity: Excitation: Output: Valve control: Operation: SHIPPING Weight : Dimensions: 0.02 cc 200 cc 10 VDC 1.67 mv/v 24 VDC 11 kg. 25 x 25 x 40 cm DAF-200A Automatic DAF-200M Manual

58 57 Volume Change Device (VCD-400) Virtually infinite volume measurement capacity possible due to automatic, computer-controlled, flow directional valve Software is designed to automatically keep track of total volume change Frictionless rolling diaphragm enable volume change measurements with virtually no pressure differential No hysteresis due to smooth guided piston stroke & ball bearing guide Stiff housing results in zero compliance errors GCTS volume change device is equipped with a frictionless rolling diaphragm and an internal LVDT guided by ball bearing unit housed inside a stiff stainless steel housing. The rolling diaphragm and ball bearing guide are essentially frictionless enabling volume change measurements with no pressure differential. Unlike other such devices available in the market, hysteresis is eliminated from GCTS volume change device using well-guided frictionless piston movement. The software automatically switches the computer-controlled valve as needed and keeps track of the direction of flow and total volume change during the operation. As an option, the automatic directional valve can be replaced with a manual valve that has a digital switch indicator. Resolution: cc Stroke volume capacity: cc Pressure capacity: ,000 kpa Excitation: khz Output: V/V (approximately) Automatic 4-way directional valve control: VDC Operation: VCD-400A Automatic VCD-400M Manual SHIPPING Weight : kg. Dimensions: x 30 x 30 cm. 8/8/2005

59 58 Pressure Control Panel (PCP-200) FEATURES Two SR-PR-OM-1000 pressure transducers (for cell & back pressure) with 0.25% linearity and 1,000-kPa range One SR-VC-VAL-DP15-30 volume change differential pressure transducer with 0.25% linearity and 500 mm-h 2 O range Three regulators for manual control of cell, top, and bottom back pressures Precision pressure gage with 2.5-kPa resolution and selector valve Graded water level sight tubes for electronic and manual readings Venturi vacuum pump Mounting platform for pressure transducers and necessary plumbing OPTIONS PCP-201 COMPUTER CONTROL OF CELL PRESSURE includes one EP-Valve and required fittings. PCP-202 COMPUTER CONTROL OF BACK PRESSURE includes one EP-pressure valve, one computer controlled ball valve for specimen drain line and required fittings. Required for complete automation of triaxial test including saturation, consolidation, and shear loading stages without user intervention. Complete pressure control for the GCTS triaxial system Single pressure gauge to measure accurate pressure differences with 2.5 kpa (0.5 psi) resolution Includes venturi vacuum pump 1,000 kpa maximum pressure GCTS pressure control panel provides a complete pressure control for triaxial systems. The volume change device is dual purpose: for triaxial and permeability testing, and 150 cc capacity with 0.01 cc resolution. The system meets ASTM D and D pore water pressure measurement compliance requirements. The pressure capacity of the panel is up to 1,000 kpa. PCP-203-UNS COMPUTER CONTROL OF AIR PORE PRESSURE for specimen suction control (ua uw). Includes one EP-valve and required fittings. NOTE: Requires a 1,000-kPa clean, dry air supply. Contact GCTS SHIPPING Weight: kg Dimensions (meters): W x 0.5D x 1.5H

60 59 Pressure Panel & Pressure Volume Controller (PCP-2000) 0.1 kpa pressure & cc volume resolution Static or pulsating pressure application at up to 10 Hz Flow velocities from 0 to 2,000 cc/min 300 cc to 800 cc capacities Select from available models ranging from 1 to 10 MPa Stainless steel construction mounted on steel cabinets complete with calibration gauge, water reservoir, vacuum pump, & necessary plumbing Stiff construction for very low compliance Turn-key pressure panel with de-airing tank, vacuum pump, precision gage, etc The GCTS Pressure Panel & Pressure-Volume Controller has been designed for providing accurate system pressure or volume control. The system uses hydraulic or pneumatic digital servo control for maintaining the necessary test conditions for your testing needs. The durability of hydraulic/pneumatic control avoids vibrations, achieves higher pressures, and is more durable and responsive than conventional stepper motor devices. A pressure transducer or external LVDT provides a direct feedback response used in the control process. The PCP-2000 Pressure Panel includes all the necessary components required for testing soils. System operation is integrated with the easy to use GCTS software, which has the flexibility to follow simple, or complex test conditions. The system can be used to control confining, internal, or back (pore) pressure. Check with GCTS to determine material compatibility. Use of a couple of these Pressure-Volume Controllers enables to perform complete backpressure saturation, consolidation, and triaxial loading procedures automatically without user intervention. Other test procedures can also be fully automated using the included electro-actuated ball valves. Contact GCTS

61 60 Fredlund Thermal Conductivity Sensor (FTC-100) Digital design Transmission of data over 100 m without affecting signal quality 1 to 1,000 kpa range 5% accuracy* Accurate for all soil types Measurements are unaffected by soil water salinity Moisture barrier protects electronics from unfavorable moisture infiltrations Special burial cable permits long-term installation in moist environments 16-channel multiplexer accepts four or more types of sensors including suction sensors 12V battery pack and a solar panel can be provided as power supply The Fredlund Thermal Conductivity Sensor is an unsaturated soil sensor for measuring soil suction and temperature in the field. The system consists of ceramic-tipped sensors, a suction sensor controller (datalogger), and a power supply. Typically, 16 sensors are included with 10 m (30 ft) of cable for each sensor. The datalogger consists of a 16- channel multiplexer that can be connected to a laptop or PC. Power is supplied with a 12-Volt battery pack and a solar panel. The sensor tip has a miniature heating element and a temperature sensor embedded in the center. The heating curve of the sensor is obtained by sending a controlled current to the heating element. The temperature rise (DT) in the sensor after heating depends on the water content of the sensor, which in turn is a function of the surrounding soil suction. Calibration curves developed in the laboratory are provided to obtain the suction corresponding to field measured DT. Range: to 1,000 kpa Accuracy: %* Cable Length: up to 100 m Controller: Channels Power: VDC Software: Windows based SHIPPING (Full System w/ 16 Sensors) Weight: kg Dimensions: x 60 x 60 cm * Sensors calibrated in wetting only and for 500 kpa range.

62 Asphalt, Concrete & Other Construction Materials 61

63 62 Servo-Pneumatic Asphalt Testing System (ATM-010) Advanced testing for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Dynamic complex modulus, flow number, flow time, indirect tension, beam flexural fatigue, and resilient modulus tests Electro-Pneumatic Digital Servo Control Money saving solution for advanced HMA testing Frequencies up to 60 Hz** Modular design with accurate and easy to use software and electronics Meets the newest AASHTO (Superpave), ASTM, and European (EN ,25,26) standards The GCTS ATM 010 system is the money saving solution for advanced HMA testing. It sports an electro pneumatic modular design allowing the system to be customized to meet the needs of the user. It is the most cost effective asphalt testing system on the market, giving the unparalleled bang for the buck! The ATM 010 can come with an optional environmental chamber which houses the compact load frame along with the testing module. The environmental chamber is highly reliable temperature control device with potential range from 30 to +150 C, and control variance of less than ± 0.5 C. It also includes a full size window for visual monitoring of the specimen during the test. At the core of the GCTS ATM 010 is the SCON 1500 digital servo controller that can be configured with up to 8 universal sensor input channels and 4 control output channels (28 inputs and 8 control outputs with optional SCON 2000). All signal conditioning, as well as high-speed data acquisition and control functions are done by the GCTS SCON unit and graphically interfaced through CATS, the GCTS windows based software running on a standard PC. The system is capable of performing the full spectrum of HMA tests: dynamic complex modulus, flow number, flow time, indirect tension, beam flexural fatigue and resilient modulus. These tests are done with the appropriate testing modules. The different testing modules can be obtained after the initial system acquisition at the same discounted price. In addition, GCTS guarantees system upgrades in order to meet future standards at no additional cost for up to five years!* This makes the ATM 010 truly the most cost effective testing system of its kind. * Free upgrades are limited to software updates and non-significant hardware modifications ** Amplitudes at 60 Hz have to be verified Contact GCTS for a system proposal including specifications based on your testing requirements.

64 63 Servo-Hydraulic Asphalt Testing System (ATM-025) Advanced testing for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Dynamic complex modulus, flow number, flow time, indirect tension, beam flexural fatigue, and resilient modulus tests Electro-Hydraulic Digital Servo Control 25 kn dynamic load capacity with optional 100 kn static load Capacity Frequencies up to 60 Hz Modular design with accurate and easy to use software and electronics Meets the newest AASHTO (Superpave), ASTM, and European (EN ,25,26) standards has several adaptive compensation techniques to improve the control precision without user intervention. Adaptive control allows the system to precisely match the desired cyclic stress amplitudes throughout the tests. The ATM-025 includes a sliding drawer to easily remove/install test specimens minimizing the time the environmental door is open. An optional 100 kn loader can be mounted underneath to carry out static tests that require higher loads while keeping the smaller 25 kn actuator for improved dynamic performance. GCTS offers platens for unconfined dynamic modulus, triaxial cells for testing 100 mm (4 inch) diameter specimens (cored out of a 150 mm (6 inch), indirect tension and beam flexural Fatigue fixtures. The above devices comply with the applicable requirements of AASHTO, ASTM and European (EN ,25,26) specifications for testing bituminous mixtures. The GCTS ATM-025 Equipment is a modular system that can be configured to test asphalt in a variety of modes. The system includes an environmental chamber which houses the optional accessories required to perform dynamic complex modulus, flow number, flow time, indirect tension, beam flexural fatigue, and resilient modulus tests. The fully Integrated Digital Servo Controller has an embedded microprocessor capable of performing all test functions even if the Windows computer is turned off. It provides automatic dynamic control mode switching between ant connected transducer or calculated parameter. This controller also conditions all transducers used in the ATM-025 system. This digital controller is capable of updating the control loop at up to 6 khz as is required for high frequency dynamic tests. The GCTS controller Contact GCTS for a system proposal including specifications based on your testing requirements.

65 64 Resilient Modulus and Asphalt Testing System (MRT-300) Advanced testing for soils and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Electro-Hydraulic or Electro-Pneumatic Digital Servo Control Easy to use software for automatic test performance Meets AASHTO, SHRP and ASTM standards Triaxial cells for specimens from 71 mm (2.8 ) to 150 mm (6 ) diameter Available Indirect Tension fixtures to perform ASTM D4123 and SHRP P-7 Complete turn-key systems The GCTS Resilient Modulus and Asphalt Testing System boasts a modular design which allows the system to be configured to test asphalt and soil in a variety of modes. This system is based on the GCTS SCON Digital Signal Conditioning and Controller and can be supplied with pneumatic or hydraulic loader. The GCTS Resilient Modulus software features built in AASTHO, SHRP, and NCHRP test sequences, and the capability to specify user defined sequences. Contact stress is automatically adjusted according to the above procedures as selected. Available waveforms include haversine, sine, square and triangular, along with a user defined waveform selection. Optional peak & valley compensation ensures proper and quick matching of the load parameters. Real time displays of the prescribed versus actual dynamic load or the dynamic deformation measurements by each sensor are always present. Deformation ratio of the two sensors, Rv (to ensure that the two deformation sensors are in agreement) and Mr are also calculated in real time. During export, curve fitting is done to fit the results to models that predict Mr as a function of σm, σd, and CP (cell pressure). Four different functions are calculated automatically (as required by AASHTO and NCHRP procedures): Mr = K1 (σm) K 2 Mr = K1 (σd) K 2 Mr = K1 (σd) K 2 CP K 3 Mr = K1 Pa[(Θ-3K6)/Pa] K 2 [τoct/pa + K7] K 3 For testing asphalt at different temperatures, an optional environmental chamber can be provided. This chamber can accommodate triaxial, indirect tension, beam flexural fatigue, dynamic modulus and all the other testing fixtures GCTS offers. Temperatures of 30 to +150 C (with liquid nitrogen boost) can be achieved with this option. AASHTO TYPE 2 Material Compaction Mold Contact GCTS for a system proposal including specifications based on your testing requirements.

66 65 Stand-Alone Beam Flexural Fatigue Apparatus (BFF-5) Advanced testing for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) to determine the pavement fatigue life Stand alone apparatus with compact design, does not require a Universal Testing Machine Electro-pneumatic digital servo control Frequencies up to 60 Hz* Meets AASHTO, SHRP, ASTM and European EN standards Complete turn-key system controlled clamping force, LVDT, strain gauge and servocontrolled pneumatic actuators. The BFF-5 is controlled with the GCTS Signal Conditioning and Control Unit (SCON-2000) which is interfaced through Windows Computer Aided Testing Software (CATS) package. The software automatically obtains the fatigue life parameters such as: initial stiffness, maximum tensile stress/strain, flexural stiffness, phase angle, dissipated energy per cycle, cumulative dissipated energy to failure and number of cycles to failure. The GCTS Stand-Alone Beam Flexural Fatigue Apparatus is an advanced Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) testing system used to determine the fatigue life of the pavement layer. The fatigue life is an important indicator of the field performance of asphalt subject to repeated flexural loading. The fatigue test on the asphalt beam can be conducted in two modes: constant strain/deflection or constant stress/load; both utilizing haversine, sine, square, triangular or user defined waveform. The constant strain mode is recommended for thinner pavement layers (< 5 thickness); while in thicker pavements (> 5 thickness) constant stress loading simulates the field conditions more closely. The BFF-5 can perform the fatigue test in both modes at frequencies up to 60 Hertz*. The BFF-5 stand-alone apparatus is a self-contained system featuring cradle support for the asphalt beam, clamps with SCON-1500 with PC The standard beam fatigue test is performed at intermediate temperatures of 20 C (68 F). GCTS offers an optional environmental chamber capable of controlling the specimen temperature throughout the test. The environmental chamber control accuracy is better than ±0.5 C. Temperatures of 30 to +150 (with liquid nitrogen boost) can be achieved with this option. * Amplitudes reduced at high frequencies. Also, amplitudes dependent on material stiffness and compressed air supply. Please contact GCTS for frequency response performance chart.

67 66 Servo Controlled Superpave Gyratory Compactor (GRC-20) The servo controlled mechanism provides a high level of accuracy for the tilt angle as well as the gyration rate and start/stop position. The servo actuators are isolated from the compaction area preventing any possible jamming from material spills. All of the compaction parameters are microprocessorcontrolled. This allows user modifications of any parameter through simple on-screen controls without any cumbersome mechanical adjustment. By introducing a self-heating mold with precise temperature control, the GRC-20 compactor eliminates the need to keep and handle multiple pre-heated molds providing an efficient and safe operating environment. The self-heating molds eliminate the handling of heavy and hot components for each compacted specimen. The mold temperature is precisely controlled allowing the user to specify the temperature during compaction. The controlled temperature can be prescribed to be constant or variable as a function of time during compaction. Because the mold is rigidly fastened and self-heated, it not only provides a high level of reliability, but eliminates the need to purchase multiple expensive molds and large ovens to keep them at the required temperature. GCTS offers molds for compacting 100 and 150 mm (4 and 6 inches) diameter specimens with heights of up to 200 mm (8 inches). A wide hinged front door is provided to facilitate changing molds with a few simple steps. Self-Heating molds for 4 and 6 diameter Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) specimens. Continuous positive feedback to maintain gyration angle precision throughout compaction. Closed-Loop servo control of ram pressure and tilt angle. Automatic material mass measurements. High stiffness/low compliance frame. Measures shear stress. Meets AASHTO (Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor. The GCTS Gyratory Compactor offers a high level of accuracy while maintaining ease of use. The GRC-20 is a fully automated servo-controlled compactor that provides a high productivity rate. Once all the required compaction parameters (density, number of gyrations, temperature, etc.) are set, the operator only needs to push a button for each specimen compaction sequence. The HMA material is weighed automatically and its mass entered into the controller automatically virtually eliminating operator data entry errors. The GCTS GRC-20 is also capable of measuring the shear stress required for compaction. Each specimen s data is automatically recorded in the GRC-20 memory for printing or transferring to a Windows computer/network at any time. This compactor, together with our pressure-controlled core drill and lab saw are ideal for preparing specimens for Dynamic Modulus determination and Simple Performance Tests (SPT). Normal load control: 0-18 kn ( lbs) Normal Stress control: 0 1,000 kpa (0 150 psi) Number of gyrations: Gyration angle: degrees (+/-0.02 ) Gyration rate: 1 60 / minute Maximum specimen height: 200 mm (8 inch) Minimum specimen height: 50 mm (2 inch) Power: 110 / 220 volts Hertz Single phase (3.5 amps) 800-1,000 kpa clean, dry compressed air (10 SCFM min)

68 67 Deformation Sensor Holder (IDT-DEF) Use for Indirect Tension, Axial Loading, and other tests Fast and Easy to install Ideal for static & dynamic testing of asphalt, concrete, rock and other hard materials Economical alternative to deformation gages The GCTS deformation sensor holders are an economical alternative to expensive deformation gages. The IDT-DEF set includes one transducer holder block, one transducer target block and 20 brass studs that can be pre-glued on the specimens at the desired gage length. The IDT-DEF sensor holder and target blocks are mounted just before testing using a set screw. Extra brass studs can be order for preparation of unlimited number of samples. GCTS also offers installation fixtures for different testing modes (indirect tension, uniaxial, etc.) for quick and precise alignment and gluing the studs. The standard transducer holder block accepts deformation sensors with inch (9.5 mm) diameter body. The standard target block has a 1-72 threaded hole. For cross-measurements, slightly taller transducer and target blocks are also offered. IDT-DEF-A (1) IDT-105-SHORT (0.375 ) sensor holder (1) IDT-106-SHORT (1-72 thread) target holder (20) IDT-107 brass holder stud IDT-DEF-B (1) IDT-105-LONG (0.375 ) sensor holder (1) IDT-106-LONG (1-72 thread) target holder (20) IDT-107 brass holder stud 8/8/2005

69 68 Asphalt Coring Machine (ACD-150) The GCTS Laboratory Coring Machine is capable of achieving a large range of spindle speeds to provide optimum performance when preparing test specimens, regardless of the properties of the material being sampled. All accessories are included (water swivel, drip pan, sample holder, and core barrels for coring 100 mm (4 inch) specimens. Other standard or custom barrels are also available. The main feature that sets this coring machine above any other is the force/stroke control to optimize feeding rates for superior performance when coring material, which is not homogeneous. 1.5 HP electric motor with 12 adjustable spindle speeds from 150 through 4,200 rpm. Drilling rate controlled by both pressure and speed eliminating the tendency for aggregates to move. 250-mm travel. Includes 100 mm (4 inch) diameter diamond core barrel for specimens up to 250 mm long. Rigid Multi-Column drill support frame to eliminate ridges on specimen. Standard system comes with your choice of cylindrical specimen holder for coring specimens from 150 mm (6 inch) compacted samples. Optional sample vise to hold prismatic samples. Hydraulic pump, water swivel, drip pan, vise table, and motor head assembly also included. OPERATION 110 or 220 volts Hertz Single phase (please specify when ordering) 1.5 HP electric motor with 12 adjustable spindle speeds from 150 through 4,200 rpm Drilling rate controlled by both pressure and speed Rigid Multi-Column drill support frame to eliminate ridges on specimen Cored specimen contains no edge voids created during compaction Automatic down-feed mechanism with 250-mm travel Includes quick-latch specimen holder for coring 100 mm (4 in.) specimens from 150 mm (6 in.) compacted samples Wide variety of Coring Barrels to choose from SHIPPING Weight: kg. Dimensions (meters): W x 1.0D x 1.5H

70 69 Specimen Lab Saw (RLS-100) Automatic rock core saw with three-speed hydraulic power feed from 230 through 340 mm/hour and automatic cut off adjustable for length of cut. Accepts cores up to 175 mm (7 inch) in diameter. Includes 1 HP/220 Volt electric motor, metal hood with viewing window, and 800 rpm approximate blade speed. OPERATION 110 or 220 volts Hertz Single phase (please specify when ordering) SHIPPING Weight: ,220 kg. Dimensions (meters): W x 1.5D x 2.0H OPTIONS: RLS-18R 18" ROCK BLADE 3 speed advancing rate (feed rate of specimen being prepared). Accepts up to 170-mm diameter core specimens. 1 Horsepower electric motor (3 HP optional). The GCTS Specimen Lab Saw has a power feed feature, which automatically pushes the specimen into the saw blade for an even, smooth cut. The Lab Saw can accommodate up to 170-mm diameter specimen. The blade speed is approximately 800 rpm and it is cooled either by water or biodegradable cutting oil. RLS-18A 18" ASPHALT BLADE RLS-18C 18" CURED CONCRETE BLADE RLS-OIL-4 4 GALLON CASE OF ROC-OIL CUTTING FLUID RLS-SSU STAINLESS STEEL UPGRADE This option allows water to be used as a coolant for the saw blade. Recommended for cutting specimens that may react to coolant fluids other than water. RLS-MU LAB SAW SPEED/MOTOR UPGRADE 3HP 220 VOLT Please specify single or three phase voltage. 8/8/2005

71 70 Dynamic Loading System (DLS-050) WALL DISPLACEMENT, MM Closed loop digital servo-controlled ±50-ton load capacity Static and dynamic loading at frequencies of up to 20 Hz Deformation or load control with "on-the-flybumpless" transfer Allows simulation of earthquake loading through "playback" function of prerecorded waves Optional servo-controlled vertical loading system Complete "turn-key" testing system Other configuration and capacities also available This equipment was designed and developed for the investigation of masonry wall behavior during seismic loading. It can also be used to establish reduction factors to the elastic design spectrum. Included with this system is the GCTS "state-of-the-art" digital servo controller. The easy-to-use Windows software allows application of cyclic loads using pre-defined functions such as ramps, sine, triangular, random, etc., at frequencies up to 50 Hertz. It is also possible the application of user generated profiles such as a digitized earthquake record with the "playback" function of prerecorded waves. Contact GCTS

72 71 Pull Out Test for Skin Friction and Rock Anchor Pullout Test (PFT-060) Jack Pressure Gage Reaction Beam Pump Millimeter Scale for use with Transit or Level 1 /2 " Pipe Telltale Concrete Plug Steel Plate 600 kn (60 Ton) pull out capacity Large deformation capability Concrete plug always subjected to compression (not tension) during the loading Reliable t-z curves are obtained Optional A/D automatic data acquisition and load control with USB interface Windows 98/2000/XP software for automatic testing reduces as-constructed costs. Experience has shown that these savings far exceed the cost of pullout testing. Contact GCTS One of the most difficult tasks in geotechnical engineering is the determination of skin friction for piers. Even though several procedures are widely used, these procedures typically yield a wide range of values. This uncertainty leads to overly conservative design values. When available, the design engineer relies on past experience in the area with the local soils, to predict the load capacity of a pile. Full-scale pile load tests, on the other hand, are too expensive and time-consuming for routine design purposes. Pullout tests are the ideal alternative because of their low cost, relative rapid execution, and reliability of results. The actual skin resistance between concrete and in-situ soil can be measured at different elevations within the soil profile. With the GCTS Pullout Test System, tests can be performed either manually, or automatically using an electric/gas pump and computer. The greater certainty achieved from pullout testing eliminates overly conservative design values, which in turn 8/8/2005

73 72 Universal Testing Machine (UTM) 10, 50, 100, and 250 kn capacity Top or bottom mounted actuator Electro-hydraulic or electro-pneumatic digital servo controlled Adjustable crosshead beam Stainless steel and hard-anodized aluminum construction Stiffness up to 8.75 N/m (5x10 6 lbs/inch) Optional automatic hydraulic cross-head lift Larger load capacity frames are also available The GCTS Universal Testing Machine is a very versatile system and includes our state-of-the-art Digital Servo Controller and Signal Conditioner. It allows the test setups to be made up of multiple independent phases, with each phase having its own unique output definition, data acquisition and data saving parameters. With these capabilities, the user has full control over the test sequences allowing him/her to program even the most complex testing procedures The GCTS loading frames are relatively lightweight but highly stable and do not require a special foundation for their installation. The standard load frame consists of two large, stainless steel threaded columns with a hard-anodized aluminum cross head beam and a large, thick bottom plate for stability. The bottom plate is threaded for the two upright columns and for hold-down bolts to secure the different test fixtures. The stainless steel nuts on the frame columns can be used to easily adjust the height of the crosshead beam to accommodate variable specimen or cell heights. Optionally, hydraulic lifts can be supplied for easy crosshead positioning. This option also includes hydraulic locks for automatic crosshead locking. These frames can be supplied with the actuator mounted on the crosshead or underneath the table. A wide variety of load cells, grips, extensometers, and other fixtures are available from GCTS. These frames can also accommodate environmental chambers and/or triaxial cells. Max.Daylight Opening Model No Type..Load..Horizontal x Vertical (max) UTM-010..Pneumatic. 10 kn x 900 mm UTM-050 Hydraulic. 50 kn x 900 mm UTM Hydraulic..100 kn..400 x 1,000 mm UTM-250 Hydraulic..250 kn.400 x 1,000 mm Please contact GCTS for full specifications.

74 73 Testing Accessories 8/8/2005

75 74 LVDT Calibration Device (DCD-025) Digital display readout Spring loaded linear displacement (non rotational) User selectable SI or English units 25 mm (1 inch) travel range mm ( inch) resolution Measures absolute or relative displacements Accepts LVDTs with 3/8, 3/4, and 7/8 body diameter Other sizes available upon request Micrometer device has calibration certification Easy to use...no special tools required The GCTS LVDT Calibration Device provides a very simple and easy to use technique to accurately calibrate a wide variety of LVDTs. The readout is available in both SI and English units. The calibration device does provide traceable calibration, which is required in testing. The device has an adjustable mounting bracket that can accommodate LVDTs of most sizes. Resolution: mm Range: mm SHIPPING Weight: kg. Dimensions: x 25 x 40 cm

76 75 Temperature Control System (TCS-100) -15C to +100 C adjustable temperature range (-30 C optional) ± 0.5% temperature stability Self-contained flow system Built-in refrigeration system replaces liquid nitrogen for low temperature settings Cartridge heaters for elevated temperature application (2) thermocouples with signal conditioning Digital temperature control The GCTS Electrical Temperature Control System utilizes state-of-the-art GCTS software to accurately control temperature. This is achieved using advanced closed loop control, which provides a very accurate, complete and economical cooling and heating system. A digital cascade pulsating algorithm is used to minimize temperature overshoots and precise temperature control. Measurements from (2) temperature probes are used in monitoring and controlling the system temperature. The use of base and cell heaters helps minimize temperature gradients within the cell, also affecting the test specimen. The system has a built-in circulating pump that provides even fluid distribution through the test system in order to efficiently achieve the set point temperature. Optional accessories are available in order to achieve -30C. The temperature controller is integrated with the GCTS CATS software package for the automatic recording and control of test temperatures. Contact GCTS 8/8/2005

77 76 Ultrasonic Velocity Test System (ULT-100) Ultrasonic velocity measurements of compression and shear waves in asphalt, soil, rock, & concrete specimens Digitally controlled pulser and receiver including a switch to automatically select P- or S-wave transducers 20 MHz sampling rate with 12-bit resolution State-of-the-art software for data acquisition, analysis, storage, plotting, & reporting 8-channel data logger for ±10 VDC inputs Available transducer platens for use inside soil and rock triaxial cells Easy to setup and use The GCTS Ultrasonic Velocity Test System is a turnkey system and includes everything required to perform Ultrasonic Velocity measurements on laboratory specimens. The system can be programmed to obtain a single measurement or several measurements at prescribed times or any other test parameter available. The ULT-100 system uses a fast-acting pulser that provides excitation to the ultrasonic sensor and an ultra high speed Analog-to-digital converter for storing the resulting waveforms signals. The sampling rate can be selected from 20 MHz to a sampling rate as low as 156 Hz allowing the user to capture a wide range of ultrasonic signals. With the Automatic gain selection, which can be set from -22 db to 20 db, and the Energy Output, Damping and Delay selections that can be manipulated, the user is able to generate ultrasonic waveform in many different scenarios. Also included within the ULT-100 is an 8 channel general purpose data logging device that accepts ±10 VDC signals for recording parameters such as load and displacement. In addition, two 0-10 VDC analog signals supply constant outputs proportional to the P- and S- wave velocities for interfacing with external data loggers. Within the CATS Ultrasonic software the user is able to digitally control the receiver and pulser ensuring an easy setup and high degree of repeatability This system is provided with state-of-the-art software developed by GCTS that allows the making of measurements automatically while performing triaxial or unconfined shear loading. The system includes two analog outputs (0-10 VDC) that are proportional to the P and S velocities and can be easily connected to your existing data acquisition or control system. Also integrated is a 16-channel data logger and software to record DC signals from your test equipment. One of these channels can be used to automatically correct for specimen height changes during compression tests. P & S readings can be automatically triggered at time intervals and/or any of the 16 DC input signals. Included with this system is a set of combination platens designed for both P and S wave velocity measurements. Available platens include models for unconfined loading, soil triaxial loading, and rock (high pressure) triaxial loading. See the ULT-100 brochure for full specifications

78 77 Compression, shear, and bender elements available Fit inside most GCTS triaxial cells Sealed electrical feed-through connectors for use under water Choice of crystal frequency (200 khz and 1 MHz typical) Complete ultrasonic velocity measurement systems available P & S Ultrasonic Sensors (ULT-SNR) 100-mm O.D and 50-mm ID Hollow Soil Specimens Embedded Compression Crystal Protruding Bender Element 100-mm Diameter Solid Soil Specimens Embedded Compression Crystal Protruding Bender Element 70-mm Diameter Solid Soil Specimens Embedded Compression Crystal Protruding Bender Element 70-mm Diameter Solid Soil Specimens Embedded Compression and Shear Crystals NX Platen for Rocks Embedded Compression and Shear Crystal 8

79 78 Seismic Down-Hole Testing System (SRV-100) 6 Channel Receiver (user selectable gain amplitude) 6 Channel Digitizing Board (100 khz acquisition rate & true 16 bit resolution) 32-bit stacking GCTS Velocity Software Real time digital filtering PC based laptop P-and S-wave transducers Excitation hammer Light weight + 12 volt DC operating power Stainless steel construction of down hole apparatus Low cost Carrying case The GCTS Down-hole/ Seismic Refraction System is a PC based instrument that is very simple to operate. Some features include advanced Digital Signal Processing and signal enhancement including waveform stacking, filtering, and spectral analysis in real time. The software package offers a convenient graphical user interface to measure P-and S-wave travel times and automatically calculate wave velocities. More advanced analyses are also possible with the use of sophisticated digital filters and spectral parameters that can easily be obtained with a click of the mouse. Special techniques are used in this program to correct or eliminate time shifting of the filtered waveforms. Acquired data may also be transferred to spreadsheet and database programs. 16-bit resolution coupled with state of the art software analysis tools provide for an ideal Down-hole or Seismic Refraction test system to measure in-situ compressional and shear wave velocities. Designed for 6" to 12" diameter bore hole sizes, but optional accessories are available to accommodate smaller or larger boreholes. Contact GCTS

80 79 Hydraulic Power Supply with Smart Controller (HPS) Variable flow / constant pressure Flow capacities from 3.8 LPM (1 GPM) to 400 LPM (105 GPM) 21 MPa (3,000 psi) standard pressure and 34 MPa (4,500 psi) optional VAC (3 phase) and 50/60 Hertz operation Standard monitoring of pump fluid level, oil temperature, filter condition, and 3-phase electrical power (phase saver) Large oil reservoir Remote high/low pressure control On-demand water cooling control (air cooling optional) Control software provides temperature prediction and detailed diagnostic explanation of pump conditions GCTS has developed a variable volume/ constant pressure hydraulic power supply that will meet all of your testing needs and provides built-in computer monitored safety features. These high performance pumps adjust the flow rate according to the demand, providing a very low operation cost in most testing applications where periods of low flow demand are common. All units include oil filter, high-pressure accumulator, heat exchanger, oil pressure gauge, oil level gauge, and temperature gauge. GCTS Hydraulic Power Units can be ordered to supply flow rates as high as 400 liters/minute and working pressures up to 34 MPa. Added features include high/low pressure selection and an on screen readout of the pumps fluid level, temperature, and pressure. Preventative warning messages and instantaneous shutdown of the pump is provided if a critical limit has been detected. Time to reach critical limits, based on actual temperature and oil level trends, is automatically predicted by the software to prevent pump shutdown during tests on important or expensive specimens. 3-phase electrical power supply is continuously monitored to prevent the pump from being damaged if only one of the electrical lines fails (phase saver feature). A system status screen is available which fully explains the cause of a system shut down so that remedial action can be easily taken. If a shutdown does occur, the self-diagnostic report allows detecting and correcting the problem easily. The GCTS system software is designed to provide instantaneous calculation of the maximum system axial load based on the effective area of the system actuator and the detected pressure from the hydraulic power supply. Also available are sound insulation enclosures and circulation water chillers to reduce water use for cooling. Contact GCTS 8

81 80 Software & Electronics

82 81 Advanced Computer Aided Testing Software (CATS-ADV) 32-bit software compliant with Windows NT / 2000 / XP Remote monitoring of test through network Easy to use & secure environment Advanced servo control from any system sensor or calculated variable with "on-the-fly bump-less" transfer and adaptive compensation. Advanced Temperature Control. Independent and Synchronized control of up to 10 outputs. Complete units library including SI, metric, English and user defined units Real time graphics of input channels Supports sensors: DC, AC, SG, Thermocouple and Counter Third degree polynomial conversions from sensor output in real time. Calculated inputs in real time available for control or monitoring. Signal analysis tool showing the FFT of any system signal on real time. Up to 99 phases per universal test program Waveform library including Ramp, Ramp + Dwell, Sine, Triangular, Square, Random, and User Defined - User-generated profiles such as a digitized earthquake record Frequency and Amplitude sweeping Available software modules for triaxial, direct shear, resonant column, consolidation, cyclic loading, and others The new GCTS CATS Advanced 32 bit Windows software, coupled with our new SCON electronics, is the most advanced Testing software available today. This software has simplified the operation of our instruments allowing the user to directly program test calculated parameters in the units of interest (stress, strain, etc.) based on the specimen dimensions. These parameters are calculated in real time and are available for display, graph and/or control. Since our new signal conditioning electronics are fully digital, optimization and calibration settings are software controlled. Alternate equipment configurations can be easily saved within the software so that when a sensor has been changed (such as a load cell or deformation transducer), the software can be quickly updated with the new settings. The system also utilizes automatic sensor recognition that will automatically load the correct sensor information when the new sensor has been connected. All the offset and gain settings are managed by our computer software reducing the possibility of accidentally or inadvertently changing the sensor calibration. The CATS software includes a digital filter on the sensor inputs to help eliminate noise from the digital signal. All of our testing systems have been designed to take full advantage of our new software and electronics so that all test stages can be automatically performed from beginning to end with minimal user intervention. Another advantage that provides superior results is the advanced sensor calibration that can include nonlinear conversion factors and/or automatic environmental corrections applied in real time. The Universal test module/stage of the CATS Advanced software is a very versatile and powerful module that allows the user to establish any test procedure that they wish. It allows the user to simultaneously control up to 10 outputs (synchronous or asynchronous) in any phase, and allows to user to run unlimited phases or test programs. 8

83 82 Direct Shear Software Module (CATS-DSH) Complete automatic test setup including Multi- Stage procedures Modification of stress or deformation rates during testing Automatic real-time specimen area corrections Easy to setup and conduct direct shear tests Automatic calculation of Friction Angle and Cohesion Intercept for peak and residual values Export data to Excel or other Windows programs Compatible with most soil & rock direct shear test systems The new GCTS DSH software is part of the CATS 32 bit Windows software, which coupled with our new SCON electronics, is the most advanced Geotechnical software available today. This software has simplified the operation of direct shear systems allowing the user to directly program test calculated parameters in the units of interest based on the specimen dimensions. These parameters are calculated in real time and are available for display, graph and/or control. The test parameters include σn - Normal Stress, τ Shear Stress, and Ac Corrected Area. The software is able to handle cylindrical specimens with circular, rectangular or elliptical cross-sections. The software can also handle square and rectangular as well as irregular (user defined) specimens, and is able to keep track of the specimen area changes automatically. The Consolidation stage allows the user to consolidate a specimen. The Shear Loading stage is easy to setup and allows the user to perform shear loading on the specimen while allowing the user to change the stress and/or deformation rates for all of the controlled axis (Shear and Normal axis) during testing. The user can perform Normal Stiffness Controlled test with this stage, either keeping the normal stiffness constant or making it a function. If none of these stages fit the users need, the Universal stage of the DSH module of the CATS software allows the user to establish a custom test procedure. Direct Shear Multi-Stage test programs can be easily defined and automatically executed. After testing is done, the DSH module allows the user to calculate the Friction Angle and Cohesion Intercept for user selected samples. The software calculates and graphs both, the peak and residual friction angles and cohesion intercepts. The GCTS Direct Shear testing systems have been designed to take full advantage of our new software and electronics so that all test stages can be automatically performed from beginning to end with minimal user intervention. For the full specifications regarding the DSH software, please see the Direct Shear brochure.

84 83 Resilient Modulus Software (TRX-MRT) User-friendly Windows XP compatible software for automated test control according to AASHTO T , SHRP-P46SHRP P-46, as well as user definable test procedures User selectable waveforms (sine, haversine, triangular, square, or user defined) Automatic Resilient Modulus Model Fitting K M = K σ ( ) o r 1 m 2 M = K σ ( ) o r 1 d 2 K ( ) ( ) o 1 2 K M r = K σ d CP 3 where CP = Cell Pressure Export data directly to Excel or other Windows programs Compatible with most resilient modulus test systems Can be used by research, commercial, or educational laboratories K The new GCTS MRT stage software, part of the Triaxial Test module of the CATS 32 bit Windows software, which coupled with our new SCON electronics, is the most advanced resilient modulus software available today. This software has simplified the operation of our resilient modulus instruments by allowing the user to directly program test calculated parameters in the units of interest (such as stress) based on the specimen dimensions. These parameters are calculated in real time and are available for display, graph and/or control. Example of test calculated parameters includes σd - Deviator Stress and εa - Axial Strain. The Resilient Modulus stage allows the user to either select from one of the standard resilient modulus test programs, or allows the user to setup a user defined test program (up to 30 sequences). The user has complete control over how many cycles are applied in pre-conditioning and normal loading stages. The Peak & Valley compensation allows the software to precisely match the prescribed stress amplitude by adjusting the output to the servo valve to compensate for differences in load amplitudes from one sequence to another. During testing, there is on the fly measurement of Rv (to ensure that the two deformation sensors are in agreement) and Mr. During export, curve fitting is done to fit the results to models that predict Mr as a function of σm, σd, and CP (cell pressure). The GCTS Resilient Modulus testing systems have been designed to take full advantage of our new software and electronics so that all test stages can be automatically performed from beginning to end with minimal user intervention. Resilient Modulus - Mr (MPa) Resilient Modulus - Mr vs. Deviator Stress - Sd Deviator Stress - Sd (kpa) Confininf pressure (kpa)

85 84 Soil Triaxial Software Module (CATS-TRX-SOIL) Easy to setup and conduct triaxial tests Back pressure saturation with B value measurement Isotropic and anisotropic consolidation including Ko-Consolidation Static and dynamic loading with stress/strain path control Multi-stage testing Dynamic testing with frequency and/or amplitude sweeping 15 Maximum stages of type: Saturation, Consolidation, Static Loading, Dynamic Loading, Resilient Modulus and Universal Complete automatic procedures and reports including Mohr-Coulomb model fitting Export data to Excel or other Windows programs User selectable units The new GCTS TRX Advanced software is part of the CATS 32 bit Windows software, which coupled with our new SCON electronics, is the most advanced Geotechnical software available today. This software has simplified the operation of our triaxial instruments allowing the user to directly program test calculated parameters in the units of interest (stress, strain, etc.) based on the specimen dimensions. These parameters are calculated in real time and are available for display, graph and/or control Example of test calculated parameters includes σd - Deviator Stress, U ex - Excess Pore Pressure, ε a - Axial Strain, ε r - Radial Strain and ε v - Volumetric Strain (the TRX module contains 20 test inputs). The strains can be calculated from direct deformations inputs, or can be calculated as functions of each other the selection is user selectable. The Saturation stage allows the user to back saturate a soil specimen, while the Consolidation stage allows the user to consolidate a specimen. The Static Loading stage is easy to setup and allows the user to perform static loading on the specimen while allowing the user to change the stress and or strain rates for all of the controlled axis (Axial, Cell Pressure and Back Pressure) during testing. The Dynamic Loading Stage allows the user to easily setup a dynamic loading on the specimen. If none of the predefined stages fit the needs of the user, the user can run a Universal stage on the specimen. The Universal stage of the TRX Advanced software is a very versatile and powerful module that allows the user to establish any custom test procedure that they wish. It allows the user to simultaneously and independently control the three axis outputs in the test program. The GCTS Triaxial testing systems have been designed to take full advantage of our new software and electronics so that all test stages can be automatically performed from beginning to end with minimal user intervention. For the full specifications regarding the Soil Triaxial software module, please see the CATS-TRX-SOIL brochure.

86 85 Rock Triaxial Software Module (CATS-TRX-ROCK) Example of test calculated parameters includes σd - Deviator Stress, εa - Axial Strain, εr - Radial Strain, εv - Volumetric Strain, Poisson s Ratio, Tangent and Secant Modulus, etc. (the TRX module contains 20 test inputs). The strains can be calculated from direct deformations inputs, or can be calculated as functions of each other the selection is user selectable. Test Module of the CATS software, which is a 32- bit software compliant with Windows easy to use and friendly Operating Systems Automatic Mohr-Coulomb model fitting (Mohr circles) Complete automatic procedures Isotropic and anisotropic consolidation Static and dynamic loading with stress/strain path control including Ko-Test Multi-stage testing Modification of stress or strain rates during testing 100 Maximum stages of type: Unconfined, Consolidation, Static Loading, Dynamic Loading, and Universal Accepts radial, diametral, or circumferential measurement devices Easy to setup and conduct triaxial tests Export data to Excel or other Windows programs Compatible with most rock triaxial test servo controlled systems Can be used for research, commercial, or educational geotechnical laboratories The new GCTS TRX-ROCK Advanced software is part of the CATS 32 bit Windows software, which coupled with our new SCON electronics, is the most advanced Geotechnical software available today. This software has simplified the operation of our triaxial instruments allowing the user to directly program test calculated parameters in the units of interest (stress, strain, etc.) based on the specimen dimensions. These parameters are calculated in real time and are available for control, display and/or graph. This software includes an automatic procedure for setting the initial ram contact with the specimen. The ram is first moved in deformation control while monitoring the axial stress. As soon as the ram gets in contact with the specimen, the system automatically switches to axial stress control preventing premature sample failure. This program also calculates the force exerted on the ram by the confining pressure and automatically corrects the axial load required to maintain the deviator stress and thus preventing the ram from lifting while changing the cell pressure. The Static Loading stage is easy to setup and allows the user to perform static loading on the specimen while allowing the user to change the stress and or strain rates for all of the controlled axis (Axial, Cell Pressure and Back Pressure) during testing. The Dynamic Loading Stage allows the user to easily setup a dynamic loading on the specimen. If none of the predefined stages fit the needs of the user, the user can run a Universal stage on the specimen. The Universal stage of the TRX Advanced software is a very versatile and powerful module that allows the user to establish any custom test procedure that they wish. It allows the user to simultaneously and independently control the three axis outputs in the test program. The GCTS Triaxial testing systems have been designed to take full advantage of our new software and electronics so that all test stages can be automatically performed from beginning to end with minimal user intervention. For the full specifications regarding the TRX Advanced software, please see the CATS TRX-ROCK brochure. Deviator Stress, MPa Post-Failure Behavior of Rock Specimen Test performed on a GCTS 10 MN/mm Stiffness Frame and Radial Strain Servo Control Radial Strain Axial Strain Strain, %

87 86 Resonant Column/Torsional Shear Module (CATS-RC) Compatible with most Resonant Column systems Simple and easy to use Ability to graphically determine resonant frequency and damping ratio from free vibrations data Ability to use accelerometer and/or proximitor(s) for static and dynamic shear strain measurement Automatically calculates the following test results: Resonant Frequency (Hz) Maximum Shear Strain Shear Velocity (m/sec) Shear Modulus (MPa) Damping Ratio Free Vibration Decay (%) Damping Ratio Half Power Bandwidth (%) Predominant Frequency from Free Vibration Data FFT Analysis (Hz) Natural Frequency - from Resonant Frequency and Phase Shift (Hz) Natural Frequency - from Resonant Frequency and Free Vibration Decay (Hz) Natural Frequency - from FFT Frequency and Free Vibration Decay (Hz) resonant column test by allowing the user to directly program test calculated parameters in the units of interest (such as strain) based on the specimen dimensions. These parameters are calculated in real time and are available for display, and/or graphing. Use of calculated test parameters directly eliminates complex and lengthy pre-calculations required in designing test programs. This allows the user to concentrate on the material behavior rather than on the electronics and equipment operation The resonant column module test program is easy to setup, where the user enters the starting frequency, the stop frequency, the frequency step, and few other parameters, and the software will conduct the test automatically without user intervention. At the end of the test, the software calculates the specimen results and the user can see the frequency sweep on how the resonant frequency was determined. The user can also see the forced vibrations data of the specimen (at the resonant frequency), as well as the free vibrations data, from which one of the damping ratios is determined The GCTS CATS Resonant Column/Torsional Shear module is part of our 32-bit Windows software, CATS (Computer Aided Testing System), which is the most advanced geotechnical software available today. This software test module has greatly simplified the operation of instruments and conduction of the

88 87 Point Load Test Software (PntLoad) Automatic test execution, data logging, data analysis, and test report. Real time display of test results and statistical results. Optimized for mass-production of rock testing Automatic specimen size measurement to increase productivity and minimize errors. Compatible with most laptop and PC computers running Windows 98/NT/2000/XP. Load specimens one after another as fast as you can, and the program will automatically measure the specimen diameter and start/stop the test data logging based upon threshold load values. During the test, there is real time display of the parameters (time, load, deformation) and statistical results from all of the previous specimens. Program is capable of deleting data based on comparisons with previous data sets and the combined results from the results graph. The GCTS Point Load Test System is a convenient test system that has been designed for ease of transportation through its compact, lightweight aluminum construction. Included in the system is a precise digital display to monitor axial load and axial deformation in SI or English units. The system includes an optional easy to use Windows software package that interfaces to a laptop or desktop computer. The software was designed to provide fast, automated testing. The software is able to automatically log test data and statistical data analysis. Some options that are available include an Ultrasonic Velocity package (including platens and Ultrasonic software). This allows for automatic collection of ultrasonic velocity data. An additional option provided includes unconfined compression plates for uniaxial testing..

89 88 Digital Signal Input and Control Unit (SCON-300) 850 MHz micro-processor with 64 MB RAM and 64 MB solid state disk. 4 khz maximum loop rate (up to 100 khz conversion rate between channels.) Adaptive digital servo control with Windows (NT/2000/XP) interface software. Accepts up to 16 ± 10 VDC Inputs from external signal conditioning units 16-bit resolution. 6 channels with ± 10 VDC outputs to servo amplifier units 4 digital inputs and 4 digital outputs Motor on/off control signal. TCP/IP and RS-232 Communications Included with this system is a true 32-bit Windows GCTS CATS Standard software (Windows NT/2000/XP) Graphical User Interface with a Universal Test module that allows you to create a variety of wave forms. The standard system also includes calculated inputs from one or several analog channels that can be servo controlled or monitored in real time. Any system sensor can then be used to provide advanced servo control with "on-the-fly bump less" transfer switching between any connected transducer or calculated inputs. In addition, several programs are offered within the CATS software environment including Triaxial Test, Direct Shear, Resilient Modulus Test, Unsaturated Soil Test, Simple Shear Test, etc. Contact GCTS for more information on available application modules. The SCON-300 is the most cost effective method to upgrade an existing testing system to take advantage of the GCTS Windows CATS software, increasing the resolution of the testing system by including 16 bit inputs. And, different equipment configurations can be saved within the software making it easy to change sensors like load cells or deformation transducers. The SCON-300 can be upgraded with the CATS Advanced software, increasing the abilities of the testing system. Please see the information regarding the CATS Advanced software for more information. The SCON-300 features an integrated 850 MHz microprocessor based digital servo controller and includes the CATS Standard software. This is a complete and self-contained module featuring built in function generator, data acquisition, and digital I/O unit. With the utilization of an external signal conditioning unit this system can accept signal inputs from load cells, pressure transducers, LVDTs, or other analog input signals. Electrical: VAC / Hz Amps max.. Dimensions: mm x 380 mm x 270 mm (WxDxH) Wight : kg.

90 89 Universal Digital Signal Conditioning and Control Unit (SCON-1500) 850 MHz micro-processor with 64 MB RAM and 64 MB solid state disk 4 khz maximum loop rate 16-bit A/D resolution and 100 khz conversion rate with track-and-hold Adaptive digital servo control with Windows (98/NT/2000/XP) interface software Accepts up to 8 DSB-111 Universal Digital Signal Conditioning modules for load cells, LVDTs (AC and DC), pressure sensors, or other analog input signals Automatic sensor recognition Adjustable offset range: +/- 5 volts Digital gain range: 1 to 2000 in 4096 steps. +/-5 volt DC excitation. 5 Volt 3 khz AC excitation. 6-pole anti-alias filter with Hz flat response with less than db ripple and 60 db attenuation at frequencies above 1,500 Hz. Accepts up to 4 servo amplifier or ±10 VDC output boards (DSB-121, DSB-122 and DSB-123 boards) 16-bit D/A resolution. ±10 volt output board with 25 ma maximum current (DSB-121). 325 ma maximum output (DSB-122). 325 ma maximum output with ±15 VDC and +24 VDC power (DSB-123). Null and Gain control. 4 digital inputs and 4 digital outputs Watchdog timer to detect control program status for automatic interlock shutdown Motor on/off control signal and remote oil temperature and oil level readouts as well as power, motor and filter status feedback Internal & external temperature monitoring TCP/IP and RS-232 Communications The SCON-1500 features an integrated 850 MHz microprocessor based digital servo controller and includes the CATS Standard software. This is a complete and self-contained module featuring built in function generator, data acquisition, and digital I/O unit. Utilizing state-of-the-art Universal Signal Conditioning boards, this system can accept load cells, pressure transducers, LVDTs, or other analog input signals. Each channel features digital offset and gain, 16-bit resolution, and anti-alias filter. This system includes a 100,000 hertz A/D converter with track-and-hold. Track-and-hold ensures that the converted values from all attached sensors (load cells, deformation, etc.) represent a single instant in time eliminating any data skew from delays in the A/D converter. The signal conditioning electronics are fully digital with settings directly manipulated by the software. Different equipment configurations are saved making it very easy to change sensors like load cells or deformation transducers. At the same time, the digital settings are protected from inexperienced users to eliminate accidental modifications to sensor calibrations and amplifications. In addition, the system incorporates automatic sensor recognition that will automatically load the correct sensor setup upon connecting or changing a transducer. Included with this system is a true 32-bit Windows GCTS CATS Standard software (Win 98/NT/2000/XP) Graphical User Interface with a Universal Test module that allows you to create a variety of wave forms. The standard system also includes calculated inputs from one or several analog channels that can be directly servo controlled or monitored in real time. Any system sensor can then be used to provide advanced servo control with "on-the-fly bump less" transfer switching between any connected transducer or calculated inputs. The SCON-1500 can be upgraded with the CATS Advanced software, increasing the abilities of the testing system. Please see the information regarding the CATS Advanced software for more information. Voltage: VAC / Hz Current: Amps max. Dimensions: mm x 380 mm x 270 mm (WxDxH) Weight: kg.

91 90 Universal Digital Signal Conditioning and Control Unit (SCON-2000) 850 MHz micro-processor with 64 MB RAM and 128 MB solid state disk. 6 khz maximum loop rate 300 khz conversion rate between channels with track-and-hold to eliminate data skew between channels. Adaptive digital servo control with Windows (98/NT/2000/XP) interface software. Accepts up to 24 DSB-111 Universal Digital Signal Conditioning modules for load cells, LVDTs (AC and DC), pressure sensors, or other analog input signals. Automatic sensor recognition. 16-bit (+/-0.003%) resolution. Null and Gain digital control. Digital gain range: 1 to 2000 in 4096 steps. 5 Volt 3 khz AC excitation. 6-pole anti-alias filter with Hz flat response with less than db ripple and 60 db attenuation at frequencies above 1,500 Hz. Accepts up to 8 servo amplifier or ±10 VDC output boards (DSB-121, DSB-122 and DSB-123 boards). ±10 volt output board with 25 ma maximum current (DSB-121). 325 ma maximum output with ±15 VDC and +24 VDC power. 8 digital inputs, 8 digital outputs, and 48 bit digital counter. Watchdog timer to detect control program status for automatic interlock shutdown. Motor on/off control signal and remote oil temperature and oil level readouts as well as power, motor and filter status feedback. Internal & external temperature monitoring. TCP/IP and RS-232 Communications The SCON-2000 features an integrated 850 MHz microprocessor based digital servo controller and includes the CATS Advanced software. This is a complete and self-contained module featuring built in function generator, data acquisition, and digital I/O unit. Utilizing state-of-the-art Universal Signal Conditioning boards, this system can accept load cells, pressure transducers, LVDTs, or other analog input signals. Each channel features digital offset and gain, 16-bit resolution, and anti-alias filter. The signal conditioning electronics are fully digital with settings directly manipulated by the software. Different equipment configurations are saved making it very easy to change sensors like load cells or deformation transducers. At the same time, the digital settings are protected from inexperienced users to eliminate accidental modifications to sensor calibrations and amplifications. In addition, the system incorporates automatic sensor recognition that will automatically load the correct sensor setup upon connecting or changing a transducer. Included with this system is a true 32-bit Windows GCTS CATS Advanced software (Win 98/NT/2000/XP) Graphical User Interface with a Universal Test module that allows you to create an unlimited variety of wave forms including user generated profiles such as a digitized earthquake record. The standard system also includes calculated inputs from one or several analog channels that can be directly servo controlled or monitored in real time. Any system sensor can then be used to provide advanced servo control with "on-the-fly bump less" transfer switching between any connected transducer or calculated inputs. Electrical: VAC / Hz, 3.5 Amps max. Dimensions: mm x 710 mm x 900 mm (WxDxH) Weight: kg.

92 91 Digital Servo Control Upgrade Upgrade old analog equipment to a computeraided geotechnical test system Extensively increase system capabilities Utilize your existing hydraulic power unit, servovalves, and sensors for a cost effective digital upgrade GCTS triaxial cells and pressure intensifiers can be added to your upgrade Currently available testing systems capable of performing advanced tests are expensive and very complex in their operation. Most of these systems use the servo valve together with a closed-loop analog servo controller to apply the necessary test loads. They require experienced operators and good maintenance support. Since they have many electronic and mechanical components that require elaborated setup, usually operation is performed by the same person, limiting the number of research studies. Because of their inherent complexity these systems easily break down and, especially at remote sites, they experience long down times waiting for the parts and service personnel to get them back on line. Because these advanced testing systems have been mostly adapted from generic materials testing apparatus, performing realistic testing programs for soils or rocks is difficult if not impossible to achieve. It is now possible to use microcomputers to perform all of the testing tasks, from data acquisition, to command generation, to close-loop test control. These systems, classified as "Direct Digital Control", no longer require the use of an external servo controller, and allow complete integration of the test program with the control system. There are several advantages to using computers in control systems. Complex control algorithms can be implemented and changed easily because the algorithm is created in the software. This enables programs to control advanced testing systems in a more precise way than the analog controllers allow. The program can be designed in a modular fashion to allow an easy implementation of application test modules to perform different tests. Each test module can be programmed to handle specific test requirements that are otherwise difficult to perform. These specific requirements may include, for example, the transfer of control from stress to strain at a particular test stage. Available GCTS software modules include triaxial, direct shear, permeability, resilient modulus, ultrasonic, and a universal program for custom applications. Contact GCTS

93 92 Products Not Featured in this Catalog SOIL TESTING SYSTEMS Large-Scale Direct Shear Large-Scale Cyclic Soil Triaxial Geo-membrane Testing Equipment Unsaturated Soil Direct Shear Unsaturated Soil Resonant Column ROCK TESTING SYSTEMS Large Scale Direct Shear Poly-Axial (Cubical) Creep Testing Frames ASPHALT AND OTHER TESTING SYSTEMS Indirect Tension Shaking Tables In addition GCTS has a skilled engineering team that can design and manufacture any specialized testing equipment. Contact GCTS to obtain a customized proposal for your testing requirements.