Although the invention of the GPS system, was a joint effort of many scientists, there are three main contributors

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2 Although the invention of the GPS system, was a joint effort of many scientists, there are three main contributors Dr. Ivan Getting Professor Bradford Parkinson Roger L Easton

3 Navigating Vehicles Electronic Signals Timation systems Idea of Using Satellites

4 Roger L. Easton is recognized for : Pioneering achievements in spacecraft tracking Timing and navigation technology (TIMATION) that led to the development of critical enabling technologies of the NAVSTAR-Global Positioning System (GPS).

5 NAVSTAR GPS program Worked on the ideas of others and furthered them.

6 GPS is considered a dual-use technology, meaning it has significant uses in both civilian populations and the military.

7 The most common use of the GPS by civilians is its use as a navigation system in vehicles and cellular devices. Many modern cellular phones have applications that require locations services, which are provided by the GPS. GPS allows of constant tracking of vehicles, pets, and even people.

8 Many weapons the military uses (missiles, unmanned vehicles) require the use of GPS to be used effectively. GPS plays a vital role in reconnaissance and coordination. The GPS is crucial to searches and rescues in the event of crashes or other events.

9 GPS is used frequently in tectonics to measure plate movement and predict earthquakes. Commercial aircraft are often tracked by GPS systems to prevent accidents and provide coordination. Disaster / relief services are often coordinated by the use of GPS.

10 OnStar in cars 911 calls can receive location information On site teams and can exact locations for back up services.

11 GPS devices for vehicles Mounted on dashboard for hands free access

12 Restaurant recommendations based on location. Finding a fuel station or highway rest stop Social Media location updates.

13 A collar that locates a missing/lost pet(s). Tags that collect location data on movements animals in the wild.

14 GPS for boats. (Not as user friendly as most devices) Track luggage or anything important. (device on right)

15 Privacy Accessibility Risk

16 The decreasing size of new GPS devices makes it relatively easy to track individuals unnoticed. Law enforcement and others can use this to track an individuals whereabouts. 1. Unlawful search 4 th amendment 2. Criminal use

17 Location data is stored on servers by respective companies Who has potential access to this data? Third parties Corporations Hackers criminals

18 GPS Navigation tool in automobiles Overall distraction to driver Eye s focused on GPS display Removal of hand(s) from the steering wheel Device distraction makes up 30% of all car crashes in the United States

19 In 2012, the Jones vs. USA case clarified that in order to track a citizen, a search warrant must be obtained Databases are increasing security as new technology becomes available GPS devices are incorporating voice accessibility

20 A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each satellite continually transmits messages that include the time the message was transmitted satellite position at time of message transmission.

21 In typical GPS operation, four or more satellites must be visible to obtain an accurate result. Four sphere surfaces typically do not intersect.

22 Guidance systems are divided into different categories according to what type of target they are designed for - either fixed targets or moving targets. GPS allows soldiers to find objectives, even in the dark or in unfamiliar territory, and to coordinate troop and supply movement.

23 According to reports coming from the US government, the planned EU satellite navigation system could be in big demand if its own GPS network falls into disrepair.