BackDoor: Sensing Out-of-band Sounds through Channel Nonlinearity
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1 BackDoor: Sensing Out-of-band Sounds through Channel Nonlinearity Nirupam Roy ECE-420 Guest Lecture - 30 th October 2017 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2 Microphones are everywhere
3 Microphones are everywhere
4 Microphones record audible sounds I hear that Audible sound Speaker I record that
5 Inaudible, but recordable! Speaker
6 Inaudible, but recordable! I can t hear that Speaker I record that
7 Works with unmodified devices Camera Smartwatch Speaker Laptop Hearing Aid
8 Amplitude It s not near-ultrasound Near-ultrasound 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k Frequency chirp.io DopLink UbiComp 13 lisnr.com Spartacus MobiSys 13 Pseudo-ranging SenSys 12 AAMouse MobiSys 15 SoundWave CHI 12 ApneaApp MobiSys 15 AirLink UbiComp 14 Crowd-counting SenSys 12
9 Amplitude Exploiting fundamental nonlinearity 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k Frequency Microphone hardware
10 What can we do with it?
11 Opportunities: Acoustic jammer
12 Application: Acoustic communication
13 Threat: Acoustic DOS attack Jamming hearing aids
14 Threat: Acoustic DOS attack Jamming hearing aids Blocking 911 calls
15 Threats: Inaudible voice attack
16 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
17 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
18 Microphone working principle Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
19 Microphone working principle Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
20 Amplitude Microphone working principle 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
21 Amplitude Microphone working principle 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
22 Amplitude Microphone working principle 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
23 Amplitude Microphone working principle 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
24 Microphone working principle Amplitude Microphone filter 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
25 Microphone working principle Amplitude Microphone filter 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
26 Microphone working principle V out Output V in Input Output Input V out = a 1 V in V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in2 +a 3 V in3 + 10k Frequency 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Amplifier
27 Microphone working principle V out Output V in Input Output Input V out = a 1 V in V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in2 10k Frequency 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Amplifier
28 Microphone working principle V out Output V in Input Output Input V out = a 1 V in V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in2 10k Frequency 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Amplifier
29 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
30 Amplitude Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
31 Amplitude Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in2 ( sin F 1 + sin F 2 ) 2 = cos 2F 1 + cos 2F 2 + cos (F 1 +F 2 ) + cos (F 1 - F 2 )
32 Amplitude Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 2F 2 (F 1 +F 2 )2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in2 ( sin F 1 + sin F 2 ) 2 = cos 2F 1 + cos 2F 2 + cos (F 1 +F 2 ) + cos (F 1 - F 2 )
33 Amplitude Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 2F 2 (F 1 +F 2 )2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in2 ( sin F 1 + sin F 2 ) 2 = cos 2F 1 + cos 2F 2 + cos (F 1 +F 2 ) + cos (F 1 - F 2 )
34 Amplitude Exploiting amplifier non-linearity (F 1 -F 2 ) Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 2F 2 (F 1 +F 2 )2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in2 ( sin F 1 + sin F 2 ) 2 = cos 2F 1 + cos 2F 2 + cos (F 1 +F 2 ) + cos (F 1 - F 2 )
35 Amplitude Exploiting amplifier non-linearity (F 1 -F 2 ) Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
36 Amplitude Exploiting amplifier non-linearity (F 1 -F 2 ) Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
37 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
38 Challenges Amplitude F 2 F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Speaker s nonlinearity Microphone s nonlinearity Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
39 Challenges Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Speaker s nonlinearity Microphone s nonlinearity Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
40 Challenges Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Microphone s nonlinearity Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
41 Challenges Amplitude modulation Ultrasonic speaker
42 Challenges Frequency modulation Ultrasonic speaker
43 Challenges Signal self-demodulation Piezoelectric ringing effect Carrier intermixing Spectrum inversion Carrier power allocation
44 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
45 Threats: Inaudible voice attack Live Demo: Attacking Amazon Echo though inaudible sound
46 Hardware generalizability 40 khz 50 khz BackDoor Signal (db) Hearing aids Camera iphone Devices Android phone Smart-watch Laptop Hearing Aid Camera iphone Android phone Smartwatch Laptop
47 Implementation Communication prototype Jammer prototype
48 Communication performance FM data packets 4kbps up to 1 meter More power can increase the distance
49 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
50 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
51 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
52 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
53 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
54 Jamming performance 2000 spoken words Jammed recording BackDoor jammer
55 Jamming performance 2000 spoken words Jammed recording BackDoor jammer Human listener Speech recognition
56 Jamming performance 2000 spoken words Jammed recording BackDoor jammer % of legible words Human listener Speech recognition
57 Jamming distance Jamming performance 100 Human users Legibility of words (%) Automatic speech recognition
58 Jamming performance
59 Takeaways Specially designed inaudible sound can be recorded with unmodified microphone It can make acoustic jammer possible and also can be a communication channel It also uncovers threats like acoustic Denial-of-Service attacks
60 Ripple: Communication through Physical Vibration
61 Short range communication: a new need of this decade
62 Short range communication: a new need of this decade
63
64 Emerging technologies for short range Capacity! Driving forces of short range communication research
65 Emerging technologies for short range
66 Emerging technologies for short range Security / Privacy! Capacity! Driving forces of short range communication research
67 Emerging technologies for short range Convenience! Security / Privacy! Capacity! Energy! Availability! Health! Driving forces of short range communication research
68 Emerging technologies for short range Visible Light Communication! Acoustic NFC!
69 Physical vibration: a new mode of communication
70 Vibration Motor Accelerometer 70
71 Vibration Motor Accelerometer 71
72 Morse Code Key On On On Off Vibration Motor Modulated vibration Accelerometer 72
73 Applications: Mobile Money Transfer 73
74 Applications: Mobile Money Transfer RECEIVE 74
75 Applications: Authentication with Ring Enter Passcode 75
76 Applications: Authentication with Ring Vibratory Passcode Detected 76
77 Applications: Authentication with Ring 77
78 Applications: Body-Area Network 78
79 Or may be you can come up with a better one 79
80 Ripple: Communicating through Physical Vibrations
81 Ripple data-rate 0.2K Ripple - I 0.3K Ultrasound 1.0K Visible Light 9.6K Ripple - II NFC Infrared 32K 106K (bits-per-second, entry level versions)
82 Ripple-II: Faster Communication through Physical Vibration
83 Thank You Website: SyNRG group website:
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