ELECTRONIC DEVICES. Assist. prof. Laura-Nicoleta IVANCIU, Ph.D. C6 Hysteresis comparators with OpAmp.
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1 ELECTONIC DEICES Assist. prof. Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Ph.D. C6 Hysteresis comparators with OpAmp.
2 Contents Hysteresis (PF) comparators with OpAmp Motiation Difference between simple and hysteresis comparators Inerting hysteresis comparators w/ symmetric threshold oltages w/ asymmetric threshold oltages Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Applications Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices
3 Preiously on ED (C5): a O D O max PS D _ O min PS Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 3
4 Preiously on ED (C5): O a D D I. Utilization as comparator, in switching mode O { OL ; OH } D > 0, O, O limited by the positie supply O OH PS D < 0, O -, O limited by the negatie supply O OL - PS II. Utilization as amplifier O ( OL ; OH ) It is mandatory that D 0, so then O a D 0 - indetermination D is kept at 0 by means of external components () Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 4
5 Preiously on ED (C5): Types of oltage comparators: Simple comparators without feedback, one threshold oltage C5 Hysteresis comparators positie feedback, two threshold oltages Threshold oltage Th particular alue(s) of the input oltage, for which the output oltage switches (changes states) (hence D 0) Th I D 0 Feedback (backward) connection, between output and input - positie feedback output is connected to non-inerting input - negatie feedback output is connected to inerting input Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 5
6 Motiation Hysteresis comparators aka PF (positie feedback) comparators Positie feedback (backward) connection, between output and noninerting input - some of the output oltage is fed back to the non-inerting input, by means of a resistie diider - the output oltage strengthens the effect of the input oltage Hysteresis phenomenon according to which the current alue of a quantity (material) also depends on preious alues of quantities determining it property of a system such that an output alue is not a strict function of the corresponding input, but also incorporates some lag, delay, or history dependence Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 6
7 Motiation Drawbacks of simple comparators For a slowly arying input, the output switching can be slow. For a noisy input signal, the output makes seeral unwanted (parasitic) transitions (commutations, switches). For eery intersection between input and threshold, a transition occurs. Output w/out unwanted transitions Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 7
8 Difference between simple and hysteresis comparators Drawbacks of simple comparators - solution Two threshold alues: ThH and ThL Two distinct output alues: OH and OL the commutation takes place at ThH only if, preiously, O OH the commutation takes place at ThL only if, preiously, O OL The threshold alues depend on the preious output alues (lag/delay/history). The output oltage should be fed back to the input, to contribute to the threshold alues: positie feedback (PF) Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 8
9 9 Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices Inerting hysteresis comparators Inerting hysteresis comparators w/ symmetric threshold oltages C6 Hysteresis comparators with OpAmp. I O _ I O D ThH OH ThL OL Th I D, 0 For TC?
10 Inerting hysteresis comparators Inerting hysteresis comparators w/ symmetric threshold oltages ThH OH ( ) ThL OL Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices Hysteresis width Th ThH ThL OH OL 0
11 Inerting hysteresis comparators Inerting hysteresis comparators w/ symmetric threshold oltages arrows indicate the moing direction on the hysteresis only one threshold is any gien moment hysteresis comparators bistable circuits bistable multiibrator circuit or Schmitt triggers (Otto H. Schmitt, American researcher, 934 as a student) Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices
12 Inerting hysteresis comparators Inerting hysteresis comparators w/ symmetric threshold oltages The input signal triggers the switching of the output. The switching process is sustained by the PF. Suppose O OL : I > ThL, I, when I passes through ThL I, D, O,, D, O PF Once O starts to change its alue, the transition is sustained by the circuit itself, due to its PF fast (accelerated) switching. Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices
13 Inerting hysteresis comparators Inerting hysteresis comparators Illustration D 0, I Th Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 3
14 4 Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices Inerting hysteresis comparators C6 Hysteresis comparators with OpAmp. Inerting hysteresis comparators w/ asymmetric threshold oltages O EF I EF O D EF OH ThH EF OL ThL Th I D, 0 For Output oltage for a triangular input oltage with 0 amplitude, and then for 5 amplitude.
15 Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 5
16 Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Non-inerting hysteresis comparators D O I 0 For D 0, Th O I Th O Th ThL OH ThH OL 0 Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 6
17 Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Illustration D ThH Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices O I EF (0) ( 5) 5 5 ThL OH EF 8 ( 0) ( 5) 5 5 OL EF 4 7
18 Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Example a) Draw qualitatiely the TC O ( I ). What is the application of the circuit? b) What are the expressions and alues of: OH, OL, ThH, ThL? edraw the TC in accordance with numerical alues. c) I (t) is a triangular wae with amplitude. Plot I (t) and O (t). d) Modify the circuit so that by keeping the same supply oltages, the thresholds became ThH 5, ThL -5. Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 8
19 Applications Applications of hysteresis comparators Solution for one-threshold comparator in a noisy enironment the hysteresis width > noise peak-to-peak alue In control systems, for on-off control : thermostats, light switches Logic circuits Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 9
20 Summary The little black bug (OpAmp) is also able to make: Hysteresis (PF) comparators with OpAmp Motiation Difference between simple and hysteresis comparators Inerting hysteresis comparators w/ symmetric threshold oltages w/ asymmetric threshold oltages Non-inerting hysteresis comparators Applications Next week: Electronic amplifiers. Amplifiers with OpAmp. To do: Homework 5 Laura-Nicoleta IANCIU, Electronic deices 0
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