Hata's Path Loss Model Calibration for Prediction DTTV Propagation in Urban Area of Southern Thailand

Transcription

1 IOP Conferene Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Haa's Pah Loss Model Calibraion for Prediion DTTV Propagaion in Urban Area of Souhern Thailand To ie his arile: P Keawbunsong e al 015 IOP Conf. Ser.: Maer. Si. Eng View he arile online for updaes and enhaneens. Relaed onen - Coparison beween oorylis violaion behavior and aidens in urban and rural area in Indonesia: A oparaive sudy N Rahawai and A Widyani - Spaial Planning on Riverfron Urban Area in Banjir Kanal Bara Searang E Darawan, T W Murini, H Werdiningsih e al. - Transforaions of Touris Funions in Urban Areas of he Karkonosze Mounains Kaarzyna Przybya and Alina Kulzyk- Dynowska This onen was downloaded fro IP address on 4/0/018 a 07:34

2 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) Haa s Pah Loss Model Calibraion for Prediion DTTV Propagaion in Urban Area of Souhern Thailand P Keawbunsong 1 P Supanakoon and S Prowong 3 1 D.Eng Suden, Fauly of Engineering (Teleouniaion), KMITL, Thailand Ass. Professor, Fauly of Engineering (Teleouniaion), KMITL, Thailand 3 Professor, Fauly of Engineering (Teleouniaion), KMITL, Thailand E-ail : piak_k1@hoail.o Absra. This arile presens Haa s pah loss odel alibraion in order o predi a design of he Digial Terresrial Television (DTTV) Propagaion in an urban area of he souh of Thailand hrough easuring power signal of he nework operaors broadasing in 4 hannels wihin Haadyai urban area, Songkla Provine. The hosen loaion is a densiy area, a disane of k. fro he broadasing saion. The alibraion was ondued hrough a saisial ehod of Roo Mean Square Error (RMSE) fro reeived power signal and opared wih a pah loss odel fro he prediion, followed by looking for relaive errors o indiae he effiieny of he alibraion odel. The RMSE analyial resul of CH 6 wih he frequeny of 514 MHz; CH 4 wih he frequeny of 64 MHz; CH 46 wih he frequeny of 674 MHz; CH 54 wih he frequeny of 738 MHz shows ha Haa s pah loss odel alibraion is loser o he easured daa han he original and he oher odel whereas he relaive errors are loser o zero han he predied pah loss odel. This akes he Haa s pah loss odel alibraion beoe ore aurae in he prediion and subsequenly ore suiable for use in planning he nework design. 1. Inroduion Thailand inauguraed he broadasing of he sandard Digial Terresrial Television of DVB-T on April 1,014 under he supervision of he Offie of he Naional Broadasing and Teleouniaion Coission (NBTC) who hen organized and planned he frequeny nework overing he whole naion. The ain saion was designed as a Muli Frequeny Nework (MFN) and he sub saions wihin eah ain saion were a Single Frequeny Nework (SFN) [1]. I beoes neessary ha he design of he nework us onsis of sub saions in he areas of low signal and he exisene of he gap filler saions in he areas of dead spos ausing fro obsruive surroundings []. An urban area is norally enounered wih a dead spo ausing fro various obsruions i.e. high-rise buildings buil-in in one area. Therefore, in order o plan he effiien gap filler saions overing areas properly while using he os reduion ransied power, i is essenial ha an Conen fro his work ay be used under he ers of he Creaive Coons Aribuion 3.0 liene. Any furher disribuion of his work us ainain aribuion o he auhor(s) and he ile of he work, journal iaion and DOI. Published under liene by Ld 1

3 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) aurae prediion pah loss odel is used for a nework design. This pah loss odel offers he suiable auray for any areas in various researhes [3-4] e. And a saisial ehod of Roo Mean Square Error (RMSE) applied in any researhes [5-6] e. This paper presens Haa s pah loss odel alibraion for prediion DTTV propagaion in an urban area of souhern Thailand hrough a ehod of looking for RMSE saisial value as well as relaive errors fro he daa of power signal obained fro he easureen. The seond par of he paper explains he pah loss odel while he hird par is abou he deails of a signal ransied saions, a signal easureen ehod, and he paraeer of he DTTV signal ransission. The fourh par desribes he findings whereas he fifh is he researh onlusion.. Pah Loss Models.1. Free Spae Model The free spae odel is he signal loss in a for of he line of sigh (LOS). The reeived power signal ( P r ) is relaed o he ransied power signal ( P ), as shown in he following equaion of Friis s Transission [7]. PG Gr Pr (1) 4 R G, G r are he ransied anenna gain and he reeived anenna gain, is he wave lengh of used frequeny, and he free spae pah loss odel equaion is as followed: P G 10log 10log G r log f R Pr 4R 0log () f is he used frequeny, wih a uni of MHz and R is he disane beween he ransier and he reeiver, wih a uni of k... Okuura Model Okuura s pah loss odel [8] is a syse of wave propagaion for urban areas. This odel was iniiaed using he inforaion of Tokyo Ciy in Japan and i an be used in an area wih a frequeny of ( f ) MHz a he ransied anenna heigh of ( h ) ere, he reeived anenna heigh of ( h ) 1 10 ere, and he disane ( R ) beween he ransier and he reeiver (TX RX) of k. An equaion of his odel is: LF AMU ( f, d) G( he ) G( he ) GArea (3) L F is a free spae pah loss odel, wih a uni of db; AMU is a loss aoun hrough he free spae, wih a uni of db; G ( h e ) is a faor of gain for he ransied anenna heigh, wih a uni of db; G( h e ) is he faor of gain for he reeived anenna heigh, wih a uni of db; GArea is he gain ha is relaed o he environen.

4 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) Gh ( ) 0logh 10logh 0 log( h e e e / 00 / 3 / 3),1000 h, h e 3,10 h e e 30 3 (4).3. Haa Model Haa s pah loss odel [9] was developed by Y. Okuura and M. Haa based on he signal easureen in he urban and suburban areas of Japan in The odel is se for work in an area where he frequeny is ( f ) MHz a he ransied anenna heigh ( h ) of30 00 ere, he reeived anenna heigh ( h ) of 1 10 ere and he disane beween he ransier and he reeiver f 1 0 k. This odel is divided based on urban, suburban and rural areas. Urban areas log f 13.8 log h ( log h ) log R E (5) Large urban areas E 3.log( ) E 8.9log(1.54 ) 1. 1 Mediu and sall urban areas h f 400 MHz (6) h f 00 MHz (7) E 1.1log 0.7h 1.56 log f 0.8 Suburban areas f (8) log f 13.8 log h ( log h ) log R f log Rural areas (9) log f 13.8 log h ( log h ) log R 4.78 log 18.33log f f (10).4. Egli Model Egli s pah loss odel [10] was presened by John Egli in 1957 as he odel ha is used in an area where he frequeny( f )ranges beween MHz and he disane ( R ) beween he ransier and he reeiver is less han 60 k. The predied equaion of wave propagaion is as: h 10 0log f 40log R 0log h log h (11) 3

5 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) h 10 0log f 40log R 0log h log h (1) f is he used frequeny, wih a uni of MHz; h is he ransied anenna heigh, wih a uni of ; h is he reeived anenna heigh, wih a uni of ; R is he disane beween he ransier and he reeiver, and a uni of ere (). 3. DTTV Propagaion 3.1. Signal Transied Saion NBTC speifies ha he propagaion of DTTV in Thailand is organized fro one saion and shares he infrasruure of ransission lines and anennas. The ransier of eah nework operaor onnes wih a obiner syse o oonly use a ransission line and an anenna, as shown in he figure 1. The DTTV ransission in Songkla Provine, in his researh, is loaed on KhaoKorhong a he laiude of , he longiude of , and 366 above sea level whereas he ransied heigh is 66. Figure 1. The ransission sruure of a DTTV saion Digial ransier broadas in CH46 using a frequeny of 674 MHz, NEC brand, DTL-10/1R0S odel, and broadasing power of 1KW; CH6 wih he frequeny of 514 MHz; CH4 wih he frequeny of 64 MHz and he laer wo saions use he sae ransier of HRRIS, UAX- 000THEodel, ransied power of 1.3KW whereas CH54 wih he frequeny of 738 MHz, NEC brand, DTL-30/1R4SD odel also uses he ransied power of 1.3KW. The ransied power of every hannel is ondued hrough a 1 5/8 rigid line ono a obiner using a Spinner brand, CCS- 6WAY odel wih he loss ( Cl 1 ) of0.55 db. The oupu of he obiner is sen hrough he ransission line, RFS brand, Flexwell HF 5 odel wih he oal loss ( Cl ) of1.186 db and ono he horizonal anenna, RFS brand, PHP48U odel wih he oal gain ( G ) a dbi. The relaion beween he reeived power signal ( P r ) and he signal pah loss ( L ) an be desribed as: 4

6 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) EIRP P G Cl1 Cl L(dB ) ( EIRP G r ) P r (13) (14) EIRP is he effeive isoropi radiaed power, wih a uni of db; G Gr are he ransied anenna gain and he reeived anenna gain, wih a uni of dbi; P, Pr are he TV ransied power and he reeived signal power, wih a uni of db; Cl1, Cl are he ransied loss in he obiner and in he ransission line, wih a uni of db. 3.. Signal Measureen The easureen of he signal is perfored by a signal analyzingg ool, DVB-T PROMAX, HD RANGER+ odel, whih onsiss of GPS and USB Drive as a daa olleor. The reeived anenna is a oerial one fro a Korean opany, SPECTRUM.CO.LTD, Oni-SaurnO n odel wih he gain ( G r ) of-3dbis used o easure he reeived signal power of he pahways where a high nuber of build-ins are being insalled on op of he pikup a eer heigh off he ground. Drive Tes funion loaed on boh sides of he sree in he urban of Haadyai Ciy, Songkla provine and he speed lii of 0k/hr. Figure. DTTV signal easureen equipen 5

7 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) Figure 3..Haadyai Pahway, Songkla Provine where he drive d es funion was used for daa olleion. 4. Analysis Findings The pah loss odel alibraion is i done by using RMSE fro he reeived power r signal and opared wih he predied pah loss odel. The following equaion shows howw o ge RMSE[6]. PL PLapp prox RMSE (15) N 1 PL is he pah loss obained fro he easureen; PL approx is he predied pah loss; N is he daa aoun obained fro he easure whih, in his researh, is 300 poins fro eah hannel. The oparison resul of he easured pah loss is lose o Haa s pah loss odel ha he alibraed Haa s pah loss odel an be desribed as: Calibraed Haa Haa Model RMSE(dB) (16) The relaive error, o indiae he effiieny of he alibraedd odel, is following equaion [ 10]. alulaed fro he PL PL PL approx (17) Auray 1 (18) Fro he equaion, he RMSE of eah frequeny is obained. Table 1 shows ha RMSE of a low frequeny hannel is higher han he one of a high frequeny hannel. RMSE value of Haa s pah loss odel is lesser han oher odels whih shows he suiabiliy of using he odel o alibrae. Using he RMSE value in he alibraion showing in figure 4, 5, 6, 7, i ann be observed ha he alulaion resul of Haa s pah loss odel is loser o he easured inforaionn han hose of oher odels. The figures also show he opared resul beween Haa s pah loss odel alibraion and he predied 6

8 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) pah losss odel of eah hannel.. I is lear ha he Haa s pah loss odel alibraion is he loses o he easured daa and is relaive error is loser o zero han he original Haa ss pah loss odel, as shown in Table. Table 1. The resul of RMSE for pah loss odel alibraion Frequeny RMSE (db) Haa Okuura Egli Free spae CH6 (514 MHz) CH4 (64 MHz) CH46 (674 MHz) CH54 (738 MHz) Average Table. The oparison of relaive r errors and auray value Frequeny Relaive Errors Aurayy (%) Calibraed Haa Haa Calibraed Haa Haa CH6 (514 MHz) CH4 (64 MHz) CH46 (674 MHz) CH54 (738 MHz) Figure 4. The oparison beween Haa s pah loss odel alibraion and he predied pah loss odel of CH 6, he frequeny of 514 MHz 7

9 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) Figure 5. The oparison beween Haa s pah loss odel alibraion and he predied pah loss odel forr Channel 4, he frequeny of 64 MHz Figure 6. The oparison beween Haa s pah loss odel alibraion and he predied pah loss odel forr hannel 46; he frequeny of 674 MH 8

10 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) Figure 7. The oparison beween Haa s pah loss odel alibraion and he predied pah loss odel of CH54; he frequeny of 738 MHz 5. Conlusion The obained resul of Haa s pah loss odel alibraion is appropriae for designing he DTTV propagaion in Haadyai Ciy, Songkla Provine where here is a dead spo. The resul is also referred o use in oher urban areas in he souhern par of Thailand in order oo properly over differen areas as well as o use he suiable power of he os reduion ransier. The alibraion is done hrough finding he saisi of RMSE fro he reeived power signal opared wih he predied pah loss odel in order o indiae he effiieny of he alibraion. The analyial resul of RMSE in CH6, he frequeny of 514 MHz ; CH4, he frequeny of 64 MHz; CH46, he frequeny of 674 MHz; CH54, he frequeny of 738 MHz shows he value of 15.40, and 9.57dB, respeively. The resul also shows ha he Haa ss pah loss odel alibraion is loser o he easured daaa han he prediedd odel whereas he relaive error is loser o zero han he original pah loss odel. Referenes [1] Offie of The Naional Broadasing and Teleouniaion Coission C 01 Radio Frequeny for Digial Terresrial Television in Thailand NBTC, Deeberr 18, 01 [] S. R.M. de Carvalho, Yuzo Ianoo and Rangel 011 ISDB-TB Field Trials and CoverageMeasureens wih Gap-Filler in Suburban Environens IEEE Inernaional Syposiu on Broadbandd Muliediaa Syses and Broadasing, June 8-10, 011 [3] Jalel Chebil, Ali K. Lwas, Md. Rafiqul Isla and Al-Hareh Zyoud011Adjusen of Lee Pah Loss Model for Suburban Area in Kuala Lupur-Malaysia Inernaional Conferene on Teleouniaion Tehnology and Appliaions, Pro. Of CSIT, vol.5, pp.5-57 [4] Aied Khalaf Mohaed and Ahed A. Jaafar01Perforane Evaluaion of Pah Loss in Mobile Channel for Karada Disri inn Baghdad CiyEng.&Te h. Journal, vol.30, Noveber 17,,01 [5] Wiyada Bhupuok and Kobhai Dejhann 01A New Mehod for Prediion 3G Pah Losss 9

11 IOP Conf. Series: Maerials Siene and Engineering 83 (015) Propagaion in Suburban of Thailand ECTI-CON 01, Phehaburi Thailand, May 16-18, 01 [6] Liyh A. Missira, Mahaod Isail, Mahdi Nisira and Mandeep Singh 011Lee s Pah Loss Model Calibraion and Prediion for Jiza Town, Souh of Aan Ciy, Jordan a 900MHzIEEE Inernaional RF and Mirowave Conferene, Sereban, Malaysia, Deeber 1-14, 011 [7] Rappapor, T.S. 00. Wireless Couniaions Priniples and Praie Prenie Hall [8] R. Mardeni and L. Yih Pey 010The Opiizaion of Okuura s Model for Code Division Muliple Aess (CDMA) Syse in Malysia European Journal of Sienifi Researh, vol.45, pp [9] M. Haa 1980 Epirial Forula for Propagaion Loss in Land Mobile Radio Servie IEEE Transaion on Vehiular Tehnology, vol.vt-9, No.3, pp [10] R. Mardeni and K.F. Kwan 010 Opiizaion of Haa Propagaion Model in Suburban Area in Malaysia Progress in Eleroagneis Researh, vol.13, pp