Technology Overview. Blind Micro-vias. Embedded Resistors. Chip-on-flex. Multi-Tier Boards. RF Product. Multi-chip Modules. Embedded Capacitance

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1 Blind Micro-vias Embedded Resistors Multi-Tier Boards Chip-on-flex RF Product Multi-chip Modules Embedded Capacitance Technology Overview Fine-line Technology

2 Agenda Corporate Overview Company Profile Standard Technologies Challenging Technologies Extreme Technologies Samples Questions

3 Corporate Overview 30 + Years Experience in Design, Development and Manufacture of Highly-sophisticated Electronic Systems Telecommunications, Medical, Industrial, Transportation and Government Markets Internal Control over Manufacturing Employees

4 Corporate Overview Compunetix, Inc. Chorus Call, Inc. Instrumentation Systems Division Chorus Call, Inc. USA Communication Systems Division Printed Circuit Board Group Video Systems Division Federal Systems Division Chorus Call International Switzerland Germany Italy India South Africa Greece Brazil Canada Australia

5 Company Profile Manufacturing Sales / Marketing Quality Services Engineering Production Global Products Engineering Services Engineering Group Consisting Of 8 Engineers Dedicated To Managing / Fabricating Critical Or Technologically Challenging Projects Company Differentiators PCB Layout & Design To Handle Customer Design Overflow And To Give Support To Customer s Design Group

6 Company Profile SBA/FAR 19 Small Business 38 Years Experience Producing Complex Interconnect Systems Customers in Commercial, Education, Telecommunication, and Government Markets Independent Internal R&D 2006 Revenues: $11.0 Million 80+ Employees 25+ Engineers and Professionals ISO9001:2000 Registered and MIL Spec Certified

7 Quality Certifications Company Profile ISO 9001:2000 Registered UL Certified for Single / Double Sided and Multilayer Boards MIL-P Certified for FR4, Polyimide General Dynamics Land Systems Certified for Prototypes and Production Hamilton Sundstrand Space Certification JPL / NASA Flight Certified General Dynamics UK Award For Best Overall Business Performance 2004 / 2005

8 Types of Business Company Profile Prototypes, Quick Turn & Small To Medium Production Military Spec PCBs Rigid, Flex & Rigid/Flex (Class 2, 3 & Mil Spec) High Layer Count Up to 30 Layers, High Density PCBs Independent Design/Drafting Group Buried Passives High Density Interconnects Multi Chip Modules, Chip-On-Board Engineering / Design Assistance

9 Customer Base Company Profile General Dynamics Land Systems United Kingdom AIS ATP Lockheed Martin DoD / DoE IBM Harris Intel Tektronix Orbital DRS Northrop Grumman Terumo Raytheon L3 Communications Philips Medical Maxtek David Sarnoff Bombardier Teledyne

10 Standard Technologies Technology Can Be Purchased In Volumes Overseas Most US Board Shops Can Produce

11 Standard Technologies Board Material: High Tg FR4 Layer Counts 2 to 12 Layers Trace / Space /.005 on 1 oz. Copper Trace / Space /.004 on 1/2 oz. Copper (inner) BGA s 1.0 mm IPC Class 2 Build Specification Aspect Ratios of < 6:1

12 Challenging Technologies Technology Can Be Purchased In Volumes Overseas From Select Few Sources Few High End US Board Shops Can Produce

13 Challenging Technologies Board Material: Polyimide, Flex, High Speed FR4, Ceramic Filled Materials, Teflon Layer Counts Up To 26 Layers Trace / Space /.004 on 1 oz. Copper Trace / Space /.003 on 1/2 oz. Copper (inner) Trace / Space /.004 on 1/2 oz. Copper (outer) BGA s 0.8 mm IPC Class 3 Build Specification or Mil-Spec Aspect Ratios of < 10:1

14 Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Resistors) A True Thin-Film, Nickel-Phosphorous (NiP) Alloy. About 0.1 To 0.4 Microns Of The Alloy Is Electro-Deposited On To The Rough, Or Tooth Side Of Copper Foil During Manufacturing Typical Tolerance Of 10 20% Resistors Tested At Final Test And During Inner Layer OHMEGA-PLY LAMINATE copper resistive material ( micron thick) dielectric substrate copper (EXAMPLE OF AVAILABLE CORE)

15 Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Resistors) CURRENT IN COPPER NICKEL RESISTOR DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE NICKEL RESISTOR DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE CURRENT OUT COPPER NICKEL RESISTOR DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH THE LEAST RESISTIVE MATERIAL COPPER NICKEL COPPER

16 Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Resistors) Increased Active Circuit Density Replaces Discrete Resistors Incorporated Within The Board Can Be Placed Under Components Ability To Reduce Board Size Weight Savings Double Sided SMT May Be Converted To Single Sided SMT Improved Electrical Performance Significantly Reduced Signal Path To Resistors Termination Of All Signals Become Possible Low Inductance (Less Than 0.7 nh TYPICAL) Reduced Surface EMI

17 Improved Reliability Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Resistors) Elimination Of Solder Joints Excellent Long Term (Trillions Of Component Hours Of Operation) Reliability In Millions Of Circuit Boards In Computer, Consumer, Military And Telecommunications Applications Cost Savings Elimination Of Discrete Resistors Rework Reduction Board Density and/or Size Reduction

18 Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Resistors) Applications Series Termination

19 Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Resistors) Applications Parallel Termination

20 Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Capacitors) Bulk Capacitance Formed By Placing Power And Ground Layers Close Together Thin Dielectrics Separate Power And Ground To Create Parallel Plate Capacitor C = kea/t Where: C = Capacitance e = Dielectric Constant of Material A = Board Area in Square Inches k = Permittivity of Free Space Constant of 225 t = Dielectric Thickness in inches Cu Film Core Cu Copper clad laminate Double sided (power and ground) Dielectric is a Polyimide and BaTiO composite. Thickness of dielectric is key thinner is better

21 Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Capacitors) Reduction In SMT Caps Needed On PCB Closely Spaced Planes Have Lower Inherent Inductance Therefore Supply Current On A Very Short Time Scale Thus Damping Fluctuations Of Voltage At Device Input Low Inductance Planes Reduces EMI Initial Data Indicates That Surface Mounted Capacitance Can Be Effectively Replaced By Embedded Capacitance With Only A Small Fraction Of The Total Discrete Capacitance

22 Products Challenging Technologies Embedded Passives (Capacitors) Properties Product Dupont Interra HK 04 Dupont Interra HK 10 Dupont Interra HK 11 3M C-Ply Capacitance/Area nf/in2 Dielectric Constant Thickness microns Breakdown Voltage Volts Material Dissipation Factor UL Listed Sequential Lam Process >100 Polyimide Poyimide w/filler Poyimide w/filler Ceramic filled Epoxy Yes Yes Pending Yes No Yes Yes Yes

23 Embedded Passives (Capacitors) Application Challenging Technologies Before Embedded Capacitance 18 Layers Blind vias: 1-2, Buried vias 2-17 Over 2000 Caps After Embedded Capacitance 18 Layers No Blind Vias Buried vias 2-17 Removed 800+ Caps

24 Challenging Technologies Controlled Impedance Flex Faster Signals with Faster Rise/Fall Times Require Controlled Impedance Flex Cables In Order To Have Cable Flexible, Need To Etch Traces Near 3 mils (Larger Traces Require Thicker Dielectrics For Same Impedance, Making Board Less Flexible) Controlled Impedance Flex 8 Layers Trace / Space 3.5 / 3.5 DuPont AP & LF Flex Material Differential Controlled Impedance

25 Challenging Technologies Rigid-Flex Common Application To Add Reliability And/Or To Reduce Assembly Costs Through Removal Of Connectors And Cabling More Common Due To Tight Spaces And Need For Increased Reliability In Products, Especially In Military Military Avionics Rigid Flex 8 Layers 2 oz. Copper Loose-leaf Design for Increase Flexibility 3 Double Sided Flex Cores w/coverlay Military Specification

26 Challenging Technologies Rigid-Flex Satellite Systems 12 Layers Flight Certified Product Polyimide / DuPont AP Flex Immersion Gold Military 22 Layers 6 Layer Loose-leaf Flex Polyimide / DuPont AP Flex HAL Finish

27 Challenging Technologies High Speed Mixed Material Boards Need For Low Df/Dk Materials for Today s Technology Mix Low Df/Dk, High Cost Material with Higher Df/Dk Low Cost Material Keep Critical Signals on/with Low Df/Dk Material Some Materials can not be Mixed with Certain Other Materials Mixed Material 10Gb Ethernet 8 Layers Blind Vias 1-4 For Stub Control Conductive Epoxy Filled Vias Rogers 4003 / FR4 Material Cavity Construction at Gold Fingers

28 Challenging Technologies High Speed Mixed Material Boards FR4 Material (Glass Bundles) Rogers 4000 (Ceramic Filled)

29 Challenging Technologies Heat Dissipation Boards Smaller Spaces and Hotter Running Parts Require Design Consideration for Heat Dissipation Need To Provide Thermal Path Away From Components Several Design Changes Can be Made To Minimize Thermal Impact to Components Place Heat Generating Part Near Heat Sink or Board Edge Provide Thermal Path In Copper Including Using Edge Plating Use Thermal Vias to Connect to Internal Planes or Heat Sink Use of CB100 for Thermal Vias Heat Sinks Thinner Board Materials Place Component Closer To Heat Sink

30 Challenging Technologies Heat Dissipation Boards Heat Dissipation Board 4 Layers Thin Core FR4 Conductive Epoxy Heat Spreader Attached w/ Thermagon HASL Finish

31 RF Boards Challenging Technologies Boards Typically Made on Teflon or Teflon Blend Products Etching Tolerance of +/ Several Areas of Tight Tolerance Routing +/-.002 (Requires Laser Routing w/vision System Some Designs Require Metal Backing Most Require Wirebondable Gold

32 Challenging Technologies RF Boards Commercial RF 2 Layers Rogers 3003 Laser Routed Slots Trace Tolerance +/ Wirebondable Gold Military RF 4 Layers Rogers 6002, 4350, 4403 Blind 1-2, 4-3; Buried 2-3 Cavity 4 to 3 Trace Tolerance +/ Wirebondable Gold

33 Challenging Technologies Laser Drilled Blind Micro-vias Typically.004 to.006 Laser Drilled Hole From Layers 1 to 2 and/or From N to (N-1) Dielectric Distance.003 to.004 Aspect Ratios less than.50:1 Material Typically RCC (Resin Coated Copper) or Flat Glass FR4 Enables Pin Escaping Small Pitch BGAs or BGAs on Thick PCBs Used to Conserve Routing Channels on Inner Layers Enables Double Sided Assembly in Some Cases

34 Challenging Technologies Laser Drilled Blind Micro-vias

35 Extreme Technologies Overseas Supply Limited to Japan Very Few US Board Shops Can Produce Some Technology Still Under Development

36 Extreme Technologies Chip On Flex (Direct Die Attach) Chip On Flex 2 Layers Trace / Space 2 / 2 2 mil Laser Drilled Vias Wirebondable Gold 2 mil Adhesiveless Pyralux

37 Buried Resistors on Flex Extreme Technologies Buried Resistor on Flex 2 Layers Ohmega Ply Resistor Resistor Covered By Kapton Immersion Silver Finish 2 mil Adhesiveless Pyralux

38 Extreme Technologies Laser Trimmed Embedded Resistors Laser Trimmed Resistors Resistor Laser Trimmed Under Measurement Resistor Trimmed to +/- 1% Final Resistor Tolerance +/- 3% Application: High Speed Testing

39 Copper Filled Micro-vias Extreme Technologies Via-in-pad Provides Flat Pad Surface for BGA Attach Flat Surface Optimal For Stacked Micro-vias Need For Special Plating Chemistry Need For Special Plating Equipment Enables Pin Escaping High Pin Count.5 mm Pitch BGAs Technology Under Development at Several US Shops

40 Copper Filled Micro-vias Current Plating Technology Extreme Technologies

41 Copper Filled Micro-vias Compunetics Test Results Extreme Technologies Test Boards Have Been Received From (2) Chemistry Manufacturers The Smaller The Hole, The More Flat the Plating Plating of Close to 1:1 on Blind Microvias Both Manufacturers to Receive Stacked Microvia Tests Stress Testing In Progress

42 Copper Filled Micro-vias Stacked Micro-vias Extreme Technologies

43 Copper Filled Micro-vias Stepped Micro-vias Extreme Technologies

44 Extreme Technologies High Aspect Ratio Blind Micro-via Plating Some Designs Require More Dielectric Between Layers 1-2 and Still Require Blind Micro-vias Current Technology at approx. 0.7:1 Aspect Ratio Industry Looking for Aspect Ratios of Greater Than 1.25:1 Copper Filled Micro-via Chemistry and Equipment May Help Increase Achievable Aspect Ratios

45 DuPont PF Material All Polyimide Adhesive Extreme Technologies Flex prepreg Without Acrylic Lower Z-axis Expansion Without Acrylic Increase Reliability Much Lower Df (.02 vs..004) Product Withstands MIL-Spec Thermal Shock Testing Product Still In Beta-Test at Several Shops Including Evaluations On-going at Several Large OEMs

46 DuPont PF Material Extreme Technologies Multi-Layer Flex w/ PF Material Multi-Layer Flex w/ LF Bondply

47 Extreme Technologies Fine Line Technology (2 mil Trace/Space & Down) Required for High Pin Count Fine Pitch BGA Routing (<= 0.5 mm Pitch) Chip On Board / Chip On Flex Used To Reduce Layer Count More Tracks per Channel Seen with Laser Drilled Micro-vias Typically on Boards with Small Annular Rings Can be Combined with Embedded Passives

48 Extreme Technologies Laser Ablation Of Soldermask Problem Tighter Pitch Parts Require Better Soldermask Registration Conventional Mask Annular Rings Leave Insufficient Mask Dams Solution BGA Area Covered With Soldermask YAG Laser Used To Remove Mask From BGA Pads Mask Annular Ring Less Than 1 mil Mask Dams Remain Aiding Assembly

49 Extreme Technologies Fine Line Technology (2 mil Trace/Space & Down) Multi-Level Chip Package 6 Layer FR4 2 / 2 Trace / Space Embedded Resistors for Termination Multi-Level Cavity Construction Wirebondable Gold Fine Line Package 1.5 / 1.5 (35 / 35 um) Trace / Space Wirebondable Gold 4 Layers FR4 31 mil Thick +/- 1 mil

50 Ink Jet Printing Extreme Technologies Technology Under Development Printing of: Legend and Soldermask (Near Production) Printing of: Conductors, Resistors, Inductors, etc. (In Development) Advantage: Finer Placement of Material Yields Tighter Tolerance and Finer Features Several Board Shops Helping Industry Develop Technology Inkjet Technology Also Under Development at Several Universities RFID Technology Blind Via Fill

51 Ink Jet Printing Extreme Technologies New System Inkjet Legend Printer Optically Aligned to Panel for Better Registration No Need for Photo-tools or Screens Direct Print From Gerber Files Goal: Thinner / Smaller Characters (Under Development)