Research on Short-Circuit Voltage of Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Induction Generator

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1 2017 Intenational Coneence on Copte Science and Application Engineeing (CSAE 2017) ISBN: Reeach on Shot-Cicit Voltage o Wind Tbine with Dobly Fed Indction Geneato Gaili Ye, Sha Chen * and Cnchao Ma Copte Science and Application Engineeing, School o Electical and Contol Engineeing, Xi an Univeity o Science and Technology, Xi an Shaanxi, China ABSTRACT Thi pape intodce the tcte and woking pinciple o dobly ed indction geneato, and then etablihe atheatical odel o DFIG, e MATLAB ilation envionent and et paaete, etablihe ilation odel. Finally, the ilation elt o DFIG gid voltage alt (ainly hot cicit alt) ae analyzed, the voltage and cent waveo ae obtained, and the objectivity o the odel i veiied, which lay the ondation o the te eeach on alt contol eeach. INTRODUCTION In the poce o pooting the apid developent o indtialization poce and aiing the level o ocial developent, taditional enegy can not eet econoic and ocial envionent o tainable developent need. Theeoe, anothe new enegy i podced, wind enegy. Wind enegy a a geen enegy advantage in the enegy and envionental cii in paallel today ha becoe inceaingly evident. Howeve, a lage nbe o o gid powe will lead to hge loe, and it will lead to ain powe gid eqency lctation. The eect o gid voltage alt i ainly anieted in the ae opeation and powe electonic device o the oto ide convete i theatened[1]; the gid and oto cent highly nbalanced, ake oto tato and oto neven heating, which lead to the oto inlation peoance vaiation; electoagnetic toqe plation occ; elting in powe gid plitting. Thi pape ainly intodce the baic woking pinciple o DFIG, and etablihe the atheatical odel and ilation odel baed on MATLAB ethod to analyze the voltage change in the hot cicit alt, ainly inclding ingle phae, two phae to gond, two-phae and thee-phae hot-cicit o thee cae o ilation waveo cve analyi[2]. 358

2 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR The tcte o dobly ed oto and winding type aynchono oto i vey iila to the tato and oto ae aanged yetical thee-phae winding, the tato i iila to the odinay AC oto tato. The nbe o pole o the oto and tato i ae, and the oto winding ae enegized by a vaiable eqency thee-phae powe pply. The tato and oto agnetic ield oto ae ynchono with tep otation. Theeoe, oe o it popetie ae iila to the ynchono oto[3]. In eence, the woking pinciple o the two i ae, the bigget dieence i that the cent eqency o the coon aynchono oto oto depend on the oto peed and the lip, and by the oto hot-cicit potential inal coniation. The eqency o the oto cent itel can not be adjted anally. Dobly ed oto oto winding by the extenal AC excitation powe pply, with the change o cent eqency can be adjted[4]. The DFIG conit o a wond oto aynchono geneato and an altenating cent dive on the oto cicit. It tcte diaga i hown in Fige 1. Tbine Roto AC/DC tano AC DC L Wind Dive line Stato Thee-phae netwok Fige 1. Vaiable peed, pitch contolled dobly-ed indction geneato. When the geneato oto otation eqency change, hold be contolled the eqency o oto cent and ade the tato otpt eqency i contant[1]. p i logaithic. Accoding to elation ola: p (1) ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE FED WIND POWER GRID VOLTAGE FAULT The Cae o the Shot Cicit Falt Thee ae any eaon o the occence o hot cicit alt in the yte, becae the tcte o eqipent and intallation location ae dieent, the cae o alt ae alo dieent[5]. And, geneato, tanoe, 359

3 inlation ateial low pat ae daaged in the opeation o load cable and othe eqipent. Soetie becae the wind and ice on the wie, caing the ovehead line towe collape[6]. In addition, the line ate epaiing lead to aile in the cae o the gond did not eove the opeato and the occence o ie. Single Phae Gond Falt Fo iplicity, aing that the ipedance o the gid that poitive eqence, negative eqence and zeo eqence coponent ae eqal[4]. U i the noal voltage, U i the eective vale o voltage alt, i alt phae hit, getting the ollowing ola: a 2 U co t b 2U co t 2/3 (2) c 2U co t 2/3 Two Phae Shot Cicit Falt Thee phae gid voltage can be obtained, when B, C phae occ hot-cicit alt: a 2U co t b U co t 2 (3) c U 2 co t Thee-phae Shot Cicit Falt The thee-phae hot-cicit alt i one o the ot eio alt, DFIG eect o the oto convete i the ot evee alt occ, becae the voltage at both end dop intantaneoly, DFIG occ a eie o poble o oto cent, toqe tation[7]. When occing thee-phae hot-cicit alt, the eective vale o teinal voltage will deceae to the ae extent at the ae tie, and the phae angle will change, which i: V i the voltage aplitde o geneato tato eain ate the alt, it elect the eveity o alt and the ditance alt with DFIG. The ot eio itation i the geneato tato end diectly to the gond hot cicit, at thi tie V=0. 360

4 The tato and oto voltage balance eqation i: R i p R i p j, (4) and epectively epeent the tato and oto teinal voltage vecto; i and i ae the winding cent vecto; and vecto; i oto angla peed; oto lx linkage eqation i: L L L1 L i L ; L L L1 ; i L i L i, L, L 1, L 1 ae the lx (5) ae tal indctance and leakage indctance. When DFIG teady tate opeate, the aplitde o tato lx i contant, the pace vecto at a contant otational peed and the tajectoy at the top o the cicla lx vecto ae cicla. The tato lx otation vecto i expeed a: j t c 1 i the lx linkage aplitde, and 1 i the otation angla peed. I the tato eitance i neglected, the tato lx linkage and voltage ae elated to: The teady tate, all available: j c d d t c j j1t jt 1 (8) (6) (7) MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DFIG In ode to analye the poble, the ollowing aption: (1) Ignoe pace haonic, the thee phae winding yety ae connected in ta, along the ai gap agnetootive i inoidal ditibtion. Do not conide the inlence o tepeate on oto paaete; (2) The oto winding ae conveted to the tato ide, ate the conveion o each phae winding i eqal to the nbe o tn; (3) Ignoe the agnetic atation and the coe lo, the el-indctance and tal indctance o each winding ae contant[1]. The tato cicit and the oto cicit voltage eqation ae hown in: U RI jx I jx ( I I ) U R I ( ) jx I jx I I (9) 361

5 The eqivalent cicit i hown in Fige 2. E i indced electootive oce. I i the excitation cent; Fige 2. T type eqivalent cicit o DFIG. A yo can ee o Fige 2: E U ( R jx ) I (10) E I jx (11) I I I (12) U ) E ( R jx I (13) In type, tato voltage U, tato cent I elate to oto voltage U and cent I, by contolling the voltage and cent o oto the tato active powe and eactive powe[8]. U, I, can contol SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS The Silation Model o Powe Syte Fige 3 i a powe yte ilation odel. Fige 3. The powe yte ilation odel. (1) To bild the powe yte ilation odel in MATLAB/ilink. Set the gond hot-cicit tie i et to [ ]. 362

(2) Othe paaete ae et a ollow, the initial phae o the thee-phae powe pply voltage i 0, the eqency i 50Hz; the length o the taniion line i et to

Analyi o Silation Relt A,B,C THREE PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT Setting p the cicit diaga and the ilation paaete, then beginning the cicit ilation.

The thee-phae hot cicit, the voltage, cent waveo a hown in the Fige 4. Fige 4. (a) Voltage waveo (b) Cent waveo.

6 (2) Othe paaete ae et a ollow, the initial phae o the thee-phae powe pply voltage i 0, the eqency i 50Hz; the length o the taniion line i et to 100k, the eaining paaete eain the dealt vale. Analyi o Silation Relt A,B,C THREE PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT Setting p the cicit diaga and the ilation paaete, then beginning the cicit ilation. Viewing the ilation waveo, the elting o A, B, C thee-phae voltage waveo i a ollow. The thee-phae hot cicit, the voltage, cent waveo a hown in the Fige 4. Fige 4. (a) Voltage waveo (b) Cent waveo. When thee-phae hot cicit, the voltage waveo i hown in Fige 5. Fige 5. Voltage waveo o A B C thee-phae hot-cicit. A can be een o the ige above, when A, B and C phae ae thee-phae hot-cicit, the thee-phae voltage i eqal and zeo. SINGLE PHASE TO GROUND FAULT Taking A phae a an exaple, the geneato teinal voltage, cent waveo a hown in Fige

Fige 6. (a) voltage waveo (b) cent waveo. When A phae hot cicit, the waveo i hown in Fige 7.

Fo the above chat hown that when thee i no alt, the teinal voltage and cent o the geneato i ine, and when the

7 Fige 6. (a) voltage waveo (b) cent waveo. When A phae hot cicit, the waveo i hown in Fige 7. Fige 7. A phae hot cicit, thee-phae voltage waveo. Fo the above chat hown that when thee i no alt, the teinal voltage and cent o the geneato i ine, and when the A phae i hot cicited, the A phae voltage at the tie i zeo, B, C phae voltage inceae to the line voltage, ate, the thee-phae voltage i etoed. TWO-PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT When AB phae hot cicit, the geneato teinal voltage and cent waveo ae hown in Fige 8. Fige 8. (a) Voltage waveo (b) Cent waveo. When AB phae hot cicit occ, the geneato teinal voltage doe not change. The thee-phae voltage waveo hown in Fige

CONCLUSIONS In ode to analye the voltage and eqency lctation in hot cicit alt, and etablih a atheatical odel[9], tating o vaio o o hot cicit alt, the type and chaacteitic o the ot ipotant gid voltage

8 Fige 9. Phae voltage waveo o AB phae to phae hot cicit. Analyi how that A, B two-phae hot cicit, two-phae voltage eqal to zeo, C phae voltage i till noal. A, B two-phae occ phae hot cicit, thee-phae voltage waveo change accoding to the ine law. When a alt occ, the excitation contol yte opeate qickly, and inceae the excitation voltage to the axi voltage. CONCLUSIONS In ode to analye the voltage and eqency lctation in hot cicit alt, and etablih a atheatical odel[9], tating o vaio o o hot cicit alt, the type and chaacteitic o the ot ipotant gid voltage alt ae tdied in detail, ing the MATLAB ilation plato to etablih the odel, thogh analyzing the ilation elt o alt, the thee-phae hot-cicit alt i the ot eio o the powe yte, ay cae voltage collape, elting in a lage ange o powe aile, bing npedictable loe to the podction. Theeoe, the actal podction hold ty to avoid thi kind o hot cicit alt. REFERENCES 1. Xiao Xiong, Jinxin Oyang Analyi and Calclation o Roto Cent o Dobly Fed Indction Geneato nde Gid Shot, J. Poceeding o the Chinee Society o Electical Engineeing, 32 (28): Zhengzhong Gao, Xiangjie Meng and Li Yao MATLAB Application in Thee-phae Shot Cicit Falt Analyi o Powe Syte, J. Electonic Qality,10: Hi Wang and Hao Li Analyi o Shot Cicit Falt o Thee-phae Indction Moto, J. Coal Mine Machiney, 8: Sheng H, Xinchn Lin, Yong Kang and Xdong Zo An Ipoved Contol Stategy o Dobly Fed Wind Powe Geneato nde Unbalanced Netwok Voltage, J. Jonal o Electotechnical Engineeing, 26 (7): Li X Liiting Meae o Shot Cicit Falt in Powe Syte, J. Engineeing Science, 48: Hongzhong Ma, Zhiyan Zhang, Zhixin Zhang, Yayn Qian Dobly Fed Indction Geneato Stato Intetn o Shot Cicit Falt Diagnoi, J. Electic Machine and Contol, 20 (5):

9 7. Hongheng Wang, Wei Zhang, Jiabing H and Yikang He DFIG Wind Tbine Contol Stategy, J. Atoation o Electic Powe Syte Unbalanced Gid Falt Condition, 34 (3): Jnchan Jia, Jin Li and Yigong Zhang Gid Voltage Falt, J. Dynaic Chaacteitic o DFIG Stato Flx China o the CSEE, 31 (3): Feng Ke. Jne Algoith Deign o Analyi and Calclation o the Thee-phae Shot Cicit Falt, School o Technology Engineeing, Lanzho Univeity o Technology. 366

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