Galileo and GMES Technologies for Maritime Navigation Christoph Günther, DLR

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1 Galileo and GMES Technologies for Maritime Navigation Christoph Günther, DLR Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation Seite 1

2 Maritime Safety and Efficiency Avoidance of Collisions based on known position and direction of vessel s movement ensuring that there is no obstacle on the trajectory Segesta Jet after collision with container ship Susan Borchard Messina, Optimization of Vessel s Trajectory with respect to economical, ecological and risk considerations: time of arrival, fuel consumption, waves, ice, weather Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 2

3 From human vision to joint situational awareness Human senses (mainly eye) extended by sensors: RADAR, SONAR Perfect position and orientation by Galileo/GNSS, complemented by electronic maps Maps automatically upgraded with latest information on shallow waters, ice, winds, water currents, waves Earth observation supplies key data; ships report sensor data and contribute to the data collection Real time communication ensures a joint situational awareness of all parties, and enables joint planning a priori simulation including escape routes in the case of failures Source A. Penck : snapshot of traffic situation in the harbour Rostock (AIS/ECDIS) Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 3

4 Environmental Data from Earth Observation Operational meteorological forecast maps of ice coverage New services Surface winds Wave heights Ship detection S. Lehner, DLR, Remote Sensing Technology Institute Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 4

5 Synthetic Aperture RADAR Processed Data Surface Winds Ship Detection 100 km 57 o N Sweden ENVISAT ASAR Elbmündung, Storm S. Lehner, DLR/IMF Bornholm 14 o E 15 o E 16 o E 17 o E Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 5

6 Increasing Traffic Density movements p.a. through the Kadettrinne of ships with Automatic Identification System Crossing courses (coast-coast, straight crossing) Large variety of ships (cargo, ferries, fishing, ) Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 6

7 Challenges from Increasing Velocities Hydrofoils e.g. Ferry between Copenhagen and Malmö, Straight of Messina,... Wing-in-Ground (WIG) Caspien Monster 100 m length, 550 t (B747: 150 t), 600 km/h, mid 60 s Source: Wikipedia Ca, 60 km/h Source: German Lloyd Source: Fischer Flugmechanik HW 2VT 160 km/h Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 7

8 Maneuvering in Harbors and Narrow Straights Spend the time budget on fuel saving rather than on tedious maneuvers Operate with smaller margins, larger ships in shallow waters and narrow straights Assistance for optimized maneuvers based on extended sets of sensor data Source: SAM Automated processes can include a multitude of sensors and accurately predict complicated dynamics position, orientation, and velocities, pressure by wind and water in various parts of the ship, mass distribution of the ship, quay geometry, presence of other ship Pre-requisite: reliable sub-meter real-time accuracy Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 8

9 Reliable Real-Time Accuracy Target: harbor maneuvers with meter and submeter reliable accuracy Today, APV-I, horizontal 30 m in case of clear skies ambiguity! Non-differential Differential Carrier Differential Orbit 45 cm Clock 45 cm Ionosphere up to 40 m uncritical Troposphere 15 cm Multipath up to 100 m up to 100 m few dm Receiver Noise ca. 1 m ca. 1m ca. 1 mm Protection Level 10s of meter some improvement submeter 19 cm critical Vision: to be verified! If our expectations are met, this would allow using Galileo even for the most demanding maritime applications Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 9

10 First Measurements in the Research Port of Rostock- Multipath Error 10 8 Reference Station Standard Deviation of CA Multipath The standard deviation of the multipath error is in the order of meters Higher values are observed at the reference station lower antenna location The multipath error exceeds 50 m once ( , PRN 3, reference station) Multipath at CA 100 [m] [m] PRN Vessel Standard Deviation of CA Multipath PRN [m] Time [h] Engler et al Prof. Albrecht Penck, IOW Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 10

11 Some Promises of Galileo Large bandwidths for multipath resolution in code based positioning Multiple frequencies for reliable carrier phase resolution and estimation of the ionospheric error Globally monitored for Safety of Life Code Noise Performance BW [MHz] RX Power [dbw] CRB [cm] Galileo E1bc Galileo E1bc Galileo E1bc Galileo E Galileo E Galileo E5a Galileo E6bc GPS L1C/A GPS L1C/A GPS L1C/A GPS L2C GPS L5P Code Multipath Performance Hein, et al., various publ. Hollreiser et al., 2006 Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 11

12 Reliability of three Carrier Resolution (Galileo) Benefit of Carrier Differential Improved Multipath Resolution Reduced Noise Reliability of the Carrier Phase Ambiguity Resolution simplified model: no multipath, no ionospheric scintillation Probability of wrong fixing of WL ambiguities Henkel, 2007 Fixing of LC ambiguities (λ LC =26.17cm) Fixing of WL ambiguities (λ =75.14cm) WL Time in hours Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 12

13 Conclusion The fusion of data reported by ships, and collected by earth observing satellites will provide a complete and up-to-date representation of the maritime environment, including, sand banks, ice, waves, winds, Satellite navigation systems will permit the accurate and reliable determination of position, velocity, and heading. The exchange of the latter data, and of information about the environment will lead to a joint situational awareness. The routes of vessels will be jointly optimized with respect to economical and ecological criteria. Collisions can be made practically impossible. The new methods must be developed and verified. The harbor of Rostock provides the platform for this work. The strategy for the introduction of the new methods is to be carefully planned in order to ensure incremental benefits and a broad acceptance. Institut für Kommunikation und Navigation - Page 13