Performance Evaluation of a MAC Protocol for Radio over Fiber Wireless LAN operating in the 60-GHz band
|
|
- Winfred Davidson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Performance Evaluaion of a Proocol for Radio over Fiber Wireless LAN operaing in he -GHz band Hong Bong Kim, Adam Wolisz Telecommunicaion Neworks Group Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Technical Universiy of Berlin Sekr FT- Einseinufer 7 Berlin Germany hbkim, Absrac Wireless neworks using radio over fiber (RoF) echnology operaing in millimeer-wave bands have been suggesed as promising soluions o mee increasing user bandwidh and mobiliy demands. A sysem based on his echnology has properies quie differen from hose of convenional WLAN sysems in ha every room in a building hoss a leas one picocell having is own base saion (BS). Thus a challenging problem lies in he medium access conrol () proocol design so ha i can suppor QoS requiremens as well as a fas and easy handover. A proocol (Chess Board Proocol) based on frequency swiching (FS) codes has been proposed by he auhors considering he siuaion [7]. In his paper performance evaluaion resuls for simple six varians of i are described and discussed. I. INTRODUCTION In order o mee modern ever increasing user bandwidh and mobiliy demands, a wireless nework based on radio over fiber (RoF) echnology operaing in millimeer-wave (mmwave) bands has been suggesed as a promising soluion. In his nework mm-wave signal is ransmied over opical fiber beween he conrol saion (CS) and base saions (BSs), and he BSs serve as access poins for mobile hoss (MHs). Since he quie differen properies of mm-wave from hose in he usual wireless LAN (WLAN) bands (. or GHz) he size of he picocells is limied o a mos a room in an indoor environmen, hus leading o a very large number of BSs and frequen handovers of MHs beween picocells. Therefore simple and cos-effecive BS will be a key o he success of he sysem. Recelly much of he research in his field has been focused on such componens operaing in mm-wave bands [] []. Of mm-wave bands especially he GHz band is of much ineres since a massive amoun of license-free specrum has been allocaed wih a worldwide overlab of GHz (9 GHz) []. A proocol (Chess Board proocol) for he sysem feauring fas and easy handover and QoS suppor has been proposed by he auhors [7], which is based on frequency swiching (FS) codes. Adjacen picocells employ orhogonal FS codes o avoid possible co-channel inerference. This Fig.. CS BS BS BS f f Down-link f Up-link f f fm+ fm+ fm+ fm+ fm+ Picocell Picocell Picocell (a) BWoal 7 9 (c) 7 9 frame( f ) slo( s ) (d) BWch Opical Fiber BWg f fm fm+ fm Sysem descripion. (a) A RoF WLAN sysem operaing in he millimeer-wave band, (b) The oal sysem bandwidh is subdivided ino channels, where, and are he oal sysem bandwidh, he channel bandwidh and he guard bandwidh, respecively, (c) and (d) show frequency swiching (FS) paerns for down- and up-link when he number of channels is five. mechanism allows a MH o say uned o is frequency during handover, which is a major characerisic of he proocol. In his paper simulaion sudy for simple six varians of he proocol is described. The paper sars wih a brief descripion of he Chess Board proocol. In secion III simulaion resuls are shown and discussed. Secion IV summarizes he work. II. CHESS BOARD PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION A. Basic Operaions A brief descripion of he Chess Board proocol is given in his secion, please refer o [7] for more deail. The simple srucure of he BS and -GHz wave characerisics leads o a cenralized nework archiecure wih many picocells, where mos of he BS funcions of convenional WLANs are shifed o he CS (Fig. (a)). (b)
2 By subdividing he oal sysem bandwidh, (frequency)!! channels "#%$ are obained (Fig. (b)), where channels are used for down-link ransmission and he oher channels &#(')#('*"!"#%$ for up-link ransmission. A pair of frequency channels +, #('*+$ are used ogeher o + suppor #('*+ $ frequency division! "! duplex (FDD) operaion, where (-/. ) are for down- and up-link ransmission, respecively. In addiion, he ime axis is also subdivided ino ime slos of equal lengh and ime slos are grouped ino a frame. Every BS suppors all channels, each of hem, however, being suppored in each proper ime slo. Fig. (c) and (d) show FS paerns for down- and up-link, respecively, when is five. During every frame ime, each of he ime slos and channels is uilized once and only once. Adjacen picocells mus no use idenical FS paerns o avoid possible co-channel inerference. And one FS paern can be used in several picocells if hey are spaced far enough ha here is no co-channel inerference beween hem. For proper operaions using FS paerns, we assume ha he sysem is synchronous. Fig. shows down- and up-link slo formas and essenially, hey have he same forma. The down-link slo begins wih a address indicaing he desinaion of he slo. This address is followed by a permission field, which auhorizes ransmission of he MH specified in he Address in he following up-link slo. The nex field is for down-link payload, desined o he MH specified by he address. The las field consiss of anoher address and reservaion resul which indicae if he reques for bandwidh from he addressed MH is successfully confirmed or no. The up-link slo consiss of wo pars. The firs one is used for uplink daa ransmission and i consiss of MH s address, piggyback field, and payload field. The second par is for reservaion and i mus no be used by he MH currenly using he he firs par bu may be used by any oher MHs having daa o send, and no being assigned bandwidh in his channel so far. If he piggyback field is se i means ha MH sill has more daa o send and requess assignmen of one more slo, and non-seing his field indicaes ha is ransmi buffer is empy. Each payload field (boh up-link and downlink) allows packing several small packes or fragmenaion for a large size packe. To reques a permi for up-link ransmission on some channel, he MH sends a reques o he CS, using he reservaion field in any slo in his channel (Fig. ). B. Mobiliy Suppor As long as a MH remains uned o a cerain channel (frequency pair) and ime slo pair, i.e., lisening on he downlink channel, he MH knows precisely ha a slo from he CS should appear every frame ime $ so ha i can expec he ime insances a which down-link slos arrive. However, when i moves ino an adjacen picocell using a differen FS paern, he MH will receive he down-link slo in an unexpeced ime insance. Thus he MH can easily realize wihin a mos a single frame ime ( ) ha i moved ino DOWN UP Fig.. Nex ch Permi P Daa Reserv. addr. ime Piggyback P addr. Packe Daa Packe Reserv. guard ime Slo formas for he down- and up-link daa ransmission. anoher picocell. Furhermore, using he following slo for he uplink ransmission he MH can and should make a reques for ransmi permission/reservaion in he new pair of ime slos. Noe ha he CS knows ha he MH wih his address has been ransmiing previously in a differen picocell, so i is possible a) o rea such reques wih higher prioriy han requess for new reservaions and b) release any possible reservaion in he old picocell. C. Six Varians of Chess Board Proocol Six varians of he Chess Board proocol, classified ino wo groups, are considered in he paper as shown in Table I. In he firs group (group A), MHs are assumed no o have a capabiliy o change channels during operaion, whereas MHs in group B are assumed o be able o change channels. A is he simples in which he CS allows a single channel o be used by only one MH, and i has no queue for requess. When he channel is being used, furher requess are blocked. In paricular, if a MH moves ino anoher picocell in which is channel is already used, here is no way o coninue ransmission. A is similar wih he only difference ha he CS does enqueue requess for busy channels raher han rejecing he reques, and when he channel is released he CS assigns i o he MH a he head of he queue. In A inerleaved usage of slos in a single channel by several MHs is performed. Slos are assigned using a simple round-robin fashion hereby assuring equal porion of he capaciy o each candidae MH. Essenially group B proocols are similar o hose in group A, wih he difference, ha in he case of group B proocols he CS aemps o find capaciy in oher channels, no only in he channel on which he reques has been issued. For insance in B when a reques from a MH arrives a he BS, he CS invesigaes each channel if i is reserved or no. If a channel is free i assigns he channel o he MH by sending he channel number. When all channels are reserved he reques is rejeced. A queue for requesing MHs is mainained in B, and as soon as a channel is released i is allocaed o he MH a he head of he queue. B is similar o B wih an excepion ha when he number of requesing MHs is greaer han he number of channels, all he channels are shared by he MHs in a round-robin fashion. In his case whenever he CS ransmis a permi o a MH i mus also inform he MH of he nex channel number in he permi
3 m m m TABLE I SIX VARIANTS OF THE CHESS BOARD PROTOCOL FOR ROF WLAN OPERATING IN GHZ BAND m Fig.. BS MH Indoor environmen for simulaion. field of downlink slo (Fig. ). I can be expeced ha group B proocols will ouperform group A proocols a he expense of increased complexiy. III. NUMERICAL RESULTS A. Simulaion Scenario and Assumpions In he simulaion sudy emphasis is placed on he performance comparison of six varians of he Chess Board proocol and he effecs of wo parameer (he number of channels and slo lengh) on sysem performance. Because of is cenralized naure of he sysem downlink ransmission is so simple ha only uplink performance is considered. The indoor environmens for simulaion includes four picocells and MHs (Fig. ). MHs are assumed o be freely moving across boundaries beween picocells according o random waypoin mobiliy model. Some assumpions for simulaions are as follows: Afer having sen a reques a MH receives he reservaion resul in one frame ime from he down-link channel. The capaciy of a BS (7*9;: ) is. The channel daa rae (7<*=?> ) is equal o 7<@9A:CBDFEHG, where is he number of channels and G is fixed size overhead including address, permi field, reservaion field and guard ime. Message raffic consiss of hree packes: byes (%), 7 byes (%), and byes (%) []. Inerarrival ime beween messages is exponenially disribued. Channel is perfec (error-free). JI -persisen algorihm is used for sending a reques packe. MHs use harmonic backoff algorihm (aemping probabiliies, /, /, "! ) in compuing heir probabiliies o ransmi a reques. Iniial channel disribuion by MHs is uniform. Oher assumpions and parameers for simulaion are summarized in Table II. Each simulaion was run for sec (simulaed ime) including warm-up phase of sec. 9 % confidence inervals were calculaed for he mean packe delay and normalized hroughpu whose variaions from he sample mean were less han % for all resuls. Channel change during operaion Reques when he channel is used Group A blocked A NO queued A A shared B blocked if no B YES queued if no B B shared if no TABLE II SUMMARY OF THE SIMULATION PARAMETERS Picocells Guard ime byes MHs FCS byes BS Capaciy ( LK ;M? ) Buffer Lengh Mbyes adrs byes Mobiliy Model Random Waypoin Permi field bye Speed of MH. m/s Reservaion slo byes Simulaed Time sec Flag byes B. Delay Performance Saisics Collecion afer sec The mean packe delay is he average ime spen by a packe from he insan i is generaed ill is ransmission is complee. Fig. and show he mean packe delay of group A and B proocols when he number of channels is five and he slo size is byes, respecively. In Fig. as he raffic load increases, A and A perform beer han A. Similarly in Fig. B and B are beer han B as he raffic load grows. We can also see ha group B proocols highly ourperform group A proocols because of he group B s runking abiliy. Since he similar rends are observed wih differen number of channels and slo size, from now on we will only consider A and B proocols. The impac of he slo size in A is shown in Fig. indicaing smaller slo size is beer han larger one. However due o he fixed size overhead oo small size may cause larger delay under heavy raffic load. In order o invesigae he effecs of he number of channels on delay performance, simulaions were run wih a fixed-size slo and various number of channels. Fig. 7 shows ha smaller number of channels is beneficial in erms of he mean packe delay, which is because he frame ime is direcly proporional o he number of channels N SR$.OQP. An ineresing fac is observed when he raffic load is Mbps. When is 9, each of he 7 channels is shared by wo MHs and he oher wo channels are shared by hree MHs
4 A A A Mean packe delay of A A A Fig.. The mean packe delay of group A s when is five and slo size is byes. A 9 7 Mbps Mean packe delay of A Mbps Slo size (byes) Fig.. The mean packe delay of A when he number of channels are five and he slo size is byes B B B Mean packe delay of B B B B Mbps Mean packe delay of A Mbps Fig.. The mean packe delay of group B s when is five and slo size is byes Number of channels Fig. 7. The mean packe delay of A when he slo size is byes and he number of channels is. respecively since channel disribuion of MHs is assumed uniform and oal number of MHs is. If he hree MHs using he same channel come ogeher in he same picocell heir oal raffic load (9 Mbps) becomes greaer han he channel dae rae (. T /9), hus resuling in high mean packe delay. Whereas when is each channel is shared by only wo MHs. Even if wo MHs using he same channel say in he same picocell heir oal raffic load ( Mbps) is smaller han he channel daa rae (7.7 T /). Tha is he reason why he mean packe delay is lower when is han when is 9. Therefore, we can see ha he mean packe delay in A depends no only on he number of channels and slo size bu also on he channel disribuion of MHs. The impac of slo size of B is shown in Fig.. Jus as in A proocol smaller slo size is advanageous in delay performance bu because of fixed-size overhead small slo is no always beneficial. Fig. 9 shows how he number of channels influences he delay performance. Wih ligh raffic delay grows along wih he number of channels since frame ime is proporional o i. As raffic load increases he delay has a minimum when is around en. Noe ha in our simulaion scenario he average number of MHs in a picocell is en. So when is each MH is assigned is own channel resuling in rare collision and minimum reservaion delay. If is over en he sysem has more channels han MHs on he average, hereby increasing frame ime and wasing of bandwidh. C. Throughpu Performance Throughpu (normalized) is defined in he paper as a fracion of ime during which user daa is ransmied. Fig. and show hroughpus of A and B, respecively. Since he channel daa rae is deermined by he number of channels smaller number of channels performs beer han larger number of channels. Furhermore, larger slo size is favorable in erms of he hroughpu performance. From he poin he line is no longer linear packe loss begins o occur. I can be seen ha B highly ouperforms A. IV. CONCLUSION The wireless LAN environmen using radio over fiber echnology operaing in he millimeer-wave band imposes quie differen requiremens on he sysem design as compared o he convenional WLANs. Since he high peneraion loss of millimeer-wave signal many BSs should be employed o cover indoor areas. In such nework wih high number of small cells, he issue of mobiliy managemen has a very special significance. A proocol, called Chess Board proocol,
5 9 7 Mean packe delay of B Slo size (byes) Fig.. Mean packe delay of B when he number of channels are he slo size is byes. Mean packe delay of B Number of channels Fig. 9. Mean packe delay of B when he slo size is byes and he number of channels is. Normalized hroughpu Throughpu of A s = s = s = ch = 7 9 Fig.. ch = Throughpu of A proocol. Normalized hroughpu Throughpu of B s = s = s = ch = 7 9 Fig.. ch = Throughpu of B proocol. feauring fas and easy handover and QoS suppor has been proposed by he auhors [7]. In his paper six varians of he proocol were considered and heir performance has been evaluaed by simulaion sudy. Simulaion resuls have shown ha group B proocols which are assumed o have a capaciy o change channels during operaion highly ouperform group A proocols for which a fixed channel is assumed for each MH. Delay performance of boh of hem depends on he slo size and he number of channels; moreover, in group A proocols i relies also on channel disribuion of MHs. Smaller slo size and smaller number of channels are beneficial in delay performance. On he oher hand larger slo size and smaller number of channels are in favor of hroughpu performance. To exploi bandwidh resources effecively, MH s capabiliy o change channels during operaion is required in a highly densed mobile environmen. REFERENCES [] P. Smulders, Exploiing he GHz Band for Local Wireless Mulimedia Access: Prospecs and Fuure Direcions, IEEE Commun. Mag. pp.- 7, Jan.. [] K. Kiayama, e. al, An Approach o Single Opical Componen Anenna Base Saions for Broad-Band Millimeer-Wave Fiber-Radio Access Sysems, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol., pp.-9, Dec.. [] T. Kuri, e. al, -GHz-Band Full-Duplex Radio-On-Fiber Sysem Using Two-RF-Por Elecroabsorpion Transceiver, IEEE Phoon. Technol. Le., vol., no., pp.9-, Apr.. [] K. Kiayama, K. Ikeda, T. Kuri, A. Söhr, and Y. Takahashi, Full-duplex demonsraion of single elecroabsorpion ransceiver basesaion for mmwave fiber-radio sysems, Microwave Phoon. MWP, pp. 7-7,. [] G. Grosskopf, D. Rohde, and R. Eggemann, Mbi/s Daa Transmission a GHz Using an Opically Seered Anenna, ECOC, Muenchen, Germany, Sep., vol., pp. -. [] R.-P. Braun, G. Grosskopf, D. Rohde, and F. Schmid, Low-Phase-Noise Millimeer-Wave Generaion a GHz and Daa Transmission Using Opical Sideband Injecion Locking, IEEE Phoon. Technol. Le., vol., no., pp. 7-7, May 99. [7] H. B. Kim, H. Woesner and A. Wolisz, A Medium Access Conrol Proocol for Radio over Fiber Wireless LAN operaing in he -GHz Band, in Proc. h European Personal Mobile Commun. Conf., Apr.. hp://www-kn.ee.u-berlin.de/publicaions/proc.hml. [] K. Thompson, G. J. Miller and R. Wilder, Wide-Area Inerne Traffic Paerns and Characerisics, IEEE Nework, pp.-, Nov. 997.
Examination Mobile & Wireless Networking ( ) April 12,
Page 1 of 5 Examinaion Mobile & Wireless Neworking (192620010) April 12, 2017 13.45 16.45 Noes: Only he overhead shees used in he course, 2 double-sided shees of noes (any fon size/densiy!), and a dicionary
More informationMobile Communications Chapter 3 : Media Access
Moivaion Can we apply media access mehods from fixed neworks? Mobile Communicaions Chaper 3 : Media Access Moivaion SDMA, FDMA, TDMA Aloha Reservaion schemes Collision avoidance, MACA Polling CDMA SAMA
More informationWill my next WLAN work at 1 Gbps?
Will my nex WLAN work a 1 Gbps? Boris Bellala boris.bellala@upf.edu hp://www.dic.upf.edu/ bbellal/ Deparmen of Informaion and Communicaion Technologies (DTIC) Universia Pompeu Fabra (UPF) 2013 Ouline Moivaion
More informationKey Issue. 3. Media Access. Hidden and Exposed Terminals. Near and Far Terminals. FDD/FDMA General Scheme, Example GSM. Access Methods SDMA/FDMA/TDMA
Key Issue Can we apply media access mehods from fixed neworks? 3. Media Access SDMA, FDMA, TDMA Aloha and Reservaion Schemes Avoidance and Polling MACA, CDMA, SAMA Example CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Muliple
More informationB-MAC Tunable MAC protocol for wireless networks
B-MAC Tunable MAC proocol for wireless neworks Summary of paper Versaile Low Power Media Access for Wireless Sensor Neworks Presened by Kyle Heah Ouline Inroducion o B-MAC Design of B-MAC B-MAC componens
More informationNetwork Performance Metrics
Fundamenals of Compuer Neworks ECE 478/578 Lecure #3 Insrucor: Loukas Lazos Dep of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Universiy of rizona Nework Performance Merics andwidh moun of daa ransmied per uni of
More informationA Flexible Contention Resolution Scheme for QoS Provisioning in Optical Burst Switching Networks
A Flexible Conenion Resoluion Scheme for QoS Provisioning in Opical Burs Swiching Neworks Ashok K. Turuk a, Rajeev Kumar b,,1 a Deparmen of Compuer Science and Engineering, Naional Insiue of Technology,
More informationArchitectures for Resource Reservation Modules for Optical Burst Switching Core Nodes *
4. ITG-Fachagung Phoonic Neworks, May 5. - 6., 2003, Leipzig, Germany Archiecures for Resource Reservaion Modules for Opical Burs Swiching Core Nodes * Sascha Junghans, Chrisoph M. Gauger Universiy of
More informationA NEW DUAL-POLARIZED HORN ANTENNA EXCITED BY A GAP-FED SQUARE PATCH
Progress In Elecromagneics Research Leers, Vol. 21, 129 137, 2011 A NEW DUAL-POLARIZED HORN ANTENNA EXCITED BY A GAP-FED SQUARE PATCH S. Ononchimeg, G. Ogonbaaar, J.-H. Bang, and B.-C. Ahn Applied Elecromagneics
More informationNegative frequency communication
Negaive frequency communicaion Fanping DU Email: dufanping@homail.com Qing Huo Liu arxiv:2.43v5 [cs.it] 26 Sep 2 Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Duke Universiy Email: Qing.Liu@duke.edu Absrac
More informationAdaptive CQI adjustment with LTE higher-order sectorization
13 8h Inernaional Conference on Communicaions and Neworking in China (CHINACOM) Adapive usmen wih LTE higher-order secorizaion Xinyu Gu 1, Wenyu Li 2, Lin Zhang 1 1 Beijing Universiy of Poss and Telecommunicaions
More informationReceiver-Initiated vs. Short-Preamble Burst MAC Approaches for Multi-channel Wireless Sensor Networks
Receiver-Iniiaed vs. Shor-Preamble Burs MAC Approaches for Muli-channel Wireless Sensor Neworks Crisina Cano, Boris Bellala, and Miquel Oliver Universia Pompeu Fabra, C/ Tànger 122-140, 08018 Barcelona,
More informationSocial-aware Dynamic Router Node Placement in Wireless Mesh Networks
Social-aware Dynamic Rouer Node Placemen in Wireless Mesh Neworks Chun-Cheng Lin Pei-Tsung Tseng Ting-Yu Wu Der-Jiunn Deng ** Absrac The problem of dynamic rouer node placemen (dynrnp) in wireless mesh
More informationP. Bruschi: Project guidelines PSM Project guidelines.
Projec guidelines. 1. Rules for he execuion of he projecs Projecs are opional. Their aim is o improve he sudens knowledge of he basic full-cusom design flow. The final score of he exam is no affeced by
More informationInvestigation and Simulation Model Results of High Density Wireless Power Harvesting and Transfer Method
Invesigaion and Simulaion Model Resuls of High Densiy Wireless Power Harvesing and Transfer Mehod Jaber A. Abu Qahouq, Senior Member, IEEE, and Zhigang Dang The Universiy of Alabama Deparmen of Elecrical
More informationTraffic. analysis. The general setting. Example: buffer. Arrival Curves. Cumulative #bits: R(t), R*(t) Instantaneous speeds: r(t), r*(t)
The general seing Traffic Cumulaive #bis: R(), R*() Insananeous speeds: r(), r*() analysis R(): arrivals sysem R*(): deparures Lecure 7 2 Lecure 7 3 Example: buffer R() R*() bi rae c R() = #bis ha arrived
More informationCollaborative communication protocols for wireless sensor networks
Collaboraive communicaion proocols for wireless sensor neworks Sefan Dulman, Lodewijk v. Hoesel, Tim Nieberg, Paul Havinga Faculy of Elecrical Engineering, Mahemaics and Compuer Science Universiy of Twene
More informationThe Influence of Propagation Environment in a Live GSM Network
The Influence of Propagaion Environmen in a ive GSM Nework Yu-Huei Tseng, Wen-Shyang Hwang, *Ce-Kuen Shieh Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering, Naional Kaohsiung Universiy of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung,
More informationweight: amplitude of sine curve
Joseph Fourier s claim: all signals are sums of sinusoids of differen frequencies. weighed sine curves weigh: ampliude of sine curve all : no exacly bu doesn maer for us in pracice Example: 3 sin() + sin(*)
More informationLecture 11. Digital Transmission Fundamentals
CS4/MSc Compuer Neworking Lecure 11 Digial Transmission Fundamenals Compuer Neworking, Copyrigh Universiy of Edinburgh 2005 Digial Transmission Fundamenals Neworks consruced ou of Links or ransmission
More informationA WIDEBAND RADIO CHANNEL MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF CHAOTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
A WIDEBAND RADIO CHANNEL MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF CHAOTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Kalle Rui, Mauri Honanen, Michael Hall, Timo Korhonen, Veio Porra Insiue of Radio Communicaions, Helsini Universiy of Technology
More informationReview Wireless Communications
EEC173B/ECS152C, Winer 2006 Review of las week s maerial Wireless Channel Access Challenges: Hidden/Exposed Terminals Access Mehods: SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA Random Access: Aloha, CSMA/CD, Reservaion Chuah,
More informationEfficient burst assembly algorithm with traffic prediction
Efficien burs assembly algorihm wih raffic predicion Mmoloki Mangwala, Boyce B. Sigweni and Bakhe M. Nleya Deparmen of compuer science Norh Wes Universiy, Privae Bag X2046, Mmabaho, 2735 Tel: +27 8 3892,
More informationPerformance Analysis of High-Rate Full-Diversity Space Time Frequency/Space Frequency Codes for Multiuser MIMO-OFDM
Performance Analysis of High-Rae Full-Diversiy Space Time Frequency/Space Frequency Codes for Muliuser MIMO-OFDM R. SHELIM, M.A. MATIN AND A.U.ALAM Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering and Compuer Science
More informationProcess-Stacking Multiplexing Access for 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave WPANs
Process-Sacking Muliplexing Access for 6 GHz Millimeer-Wave WPANs Claudio Esevez, David Fuenealba, Aravind Kailas Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Saniago, Chile {cesevez, dfuenea}@ing.uchile.cl
More informationEvaluation of Instantaneous Reliability Measures for a Gradual Deteriorating System
General Leers in Mahemaic, Vol. 3, No.3, Dec 27, pp. 77-85 e-issn 259-9277, p-issn 259-9269 Available online a hp:\\ www.refaad.com Evaluaion of Insananeous Reliabiliy Measures for a Gradual Deerioraing
More informationTransmit Power Minimization and Base Station Planning for High-Speed Trains with Multiple Moving Relays in OFDMA Systems
Transmi Power Minimizaion and Base Saion Planning for High-Speed Trains wih Muliple Moving Relays in OFDMA Sysems Hakim Ghazzai, Member, IEEE, Taha Bouchoucha, Suden Member, IEEE, Ahmad Alsharoa, Suden
More informationA New MAC Protocol with Control Channel Auto-Discovery for Self-Deployed Cognitive Radio Networks
1 A New MAC Proocol wih Conrol Channel Auo-Discovery for Self-Deployed Cogniive Radio Neworks Ahanassios V. Adamis, Member, IEEE, Konsaninos N. Maliasos, Member, IEEE, and Prof. Philip Consaninou, Senior
More informationStarvation Mitigation Through Multi-Channel Coordination in CSMA Multi-hop Wireless Networks
Sarvaion Miigaion Through Muli-Channel Coordinaion in CSMA Muli-hop Wireless Neworks Jingpu Shi, Theodoros Salonidis, and Edward W. Knighly Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Rice Universiy,
More informationEXPERIMENT #9 FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS LINK
EXPERIMENT #9 FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS LINK INTRODUCTION: Much of daa communicaions is concerned wih sending digial informaion hrough sysems ha normally only pass analog signals. A elephone line is such
More informationInterference Coordination Strategies for Content Update Dissemination in LTE-A
Inerference Coordinaion Sraegies for Conen Updae Disseminaion in LTE-A Vincenzo Sciancalepore Insiue IMDEA Neworks, Universiy Carlos III of Madrid, Spain, and DEIB - Poliecnico di Milano, Ialy Vincenzo
More informationLecture 4. EITN Chapter 12, 13 Modulation and diversity. Antenna noise is usually given as a noise temperature!
Lecure 4 EITN75 2018 Chaper 12, 13 Modulaion and diversiy Receiver noise: repeiion Anenna noise is usually given as a noise emperaure! Noise facors or noise figures of differen sysem componens are deermined
More informationProceedings of International Conference on Mechanical, Electrical and Medical Intelligent System 2017
on Mechanical, Elecrical and Medical Inelligen Sysem 7 Consan On-ime Conrolled Four-phase Buck Converer via Saw-oohwave Circui and is Elemen Sensiiviy Yi Xiong a, Koyo Asaishi b, Nasuko Miki c, Yifei Sun
More informationDynamic Sounding for Multi-User MIMO in Wireless LANs
1 Dynamic Sounding for Muli-User MIMO in Wireless LANs Xiaofu Ma, Suden Member, IEEE, Qinghai Gao, Ji Wang, Vuk Marojevic, and Jeffrey H. Reed, Fellow, IEEE Absrac Consumer elecronic (CE) devices increasingly
More informationBELECTRIC: Enhanced Frequency Control Capability
BELECTRIC: Enhanced Frequency Conrol Capabiliy Tim Müller, CTO 28/03/2018 0 Company profile Yearly oal revenue of 550M EUR 84 MW / 95 MWh energy sorage sysems insalled or under consrucion Over 120 paens
More informationPerformance Analysis of A Burst-Frame-Based MAC Protocol for Ultra-Wideband Ad Hoc Networks
Performance Analysis of A Burs-Frame-Based MAC Proocol for Ulra-Wideband Ad Hoc Neworks Kejie Lu, Dapeng Wu, Yuguang Fang Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Universiy Of Florida Gainesville,
More informationTransmit Beamforming with Reduced Feedback Information in OFDM Based Wireless Systems
Transmi Beamforming wih educed Feedback Informaion in OFDM Based Wireless Sysems Seung-Hyeon Yang, Jae-Yun Ko, and Yong-Hwan Lee School of Elecrical Engineering and INMC, Seoul Naional Universiy Kwanak
More informationECMA st Edition / June Near Field Communication Wired Interface (NFC-WI)
ECMA-373 1 s Ediion / June 2006 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Sandard ECMA-373 1 s Ediion / June 2006 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Ecma Inernaional Rue du Rhône 114
More informationIntegrated Scheduling of Multimedia and Hard Real-Time Tasks
Inegraed Scheduling of Mulimedia and Hard Real-Time Tasks Hiroyuki Kaneko, John A. Sankovic, Subhabraa Sen and Krihi Ramamriham Compuer Science Deparmen Universiy of Massachuses LGRC, Box 346 Amhers MA
More informationChapter 2. The Physical Layer
Chaper 2 The Physical Layer The Physical Layer Defines he mechanical, elecrical and iming inerfaces o he nework Transmission media - guided (copper and fiber opics) - wireless (radio erresrial) - saellie
More informationNotes on the Fourier Transform
Noes on he Fourier Transform The Fourier ransform is a mahemaical mehod for describing a coninuous funcion as a series of sine and cosine funcions. The Fourier Transform is produced by applying a series
More informationOn the Scalability of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols
On he Scalabiliy of Ad Hoc Rouing Proocols César A. Saniváñez Bruce McDonald Ioannis Savrakakis Ram Ramanahan Inerne. Research Dep. Elec. & Comp. Eng. Dep. Dep. of Informaics Inerne. Research Dep. BBN
More informationOptical fibres. Optical fibres made from high-density glass can carry light signals long distances without losing any light through their sides.
Nearly here Nailed i! Uni 1 Conen Opical fibres Opical fibres made from high-densiy glass can carry ligh signals long disances wihou losing any ligh hrough heir sides. Criical angle The criical angle,
More informationPulse Train Controlled PCCM Buck-Boost Converter Ming Qina, Fangfang Lib
5h Inernaional Conference on Environmen, Maerials, Chemisry and Power Elecronics (EMCPE 016 Pulse Train Conrolled PCCM Buck-Boos Converer Ming Qina, Fangfang ib School of Elecrical Engineering, Zhengzhou
More informationDelay improved Media Access Control for Passive Optical Networks
Copyrigh Noice c 2015 IEEE. Personal use of his maerial is permied. However, permission o reprin/republish his maerial for adverising or promoional purposes or for creaing new collecive works for resale
More informationDS CDMA Scheme for WATM with Errors and Erasures Decoding
DS CDMA Scheme for WATM wih Errors and Erasures Decoding Beaa J. Wysocki*, Hans-Jürgen Zepernick*, and Tadeusz A. Wysocki** * Ausralian Telecommunicaions Research Insiue Curin Universiy of Technology GPO
More informationOn the Efficiency of Shaping Live Video Streams
On he Efficiency of Shaping Live Video Sreams György Dán and Vikoria Fodor KTH, Royal Insiue of Technology Elecrum 9, 6440 Kisa, Sweden gyuri,vikoria @i.kh.se Absrac In his work he efficiency of shaping
More informationNetwork Design and Optimization for Quality of Services in Wireless Local Area Networks using Multi-Objective Approach
Chuima Prommak and Naruemon Waanapongsakorn Nework Design and Opimizaion for Qualiy of Services in Wireless Local Area Neworks using Muli-Objecive Approach CHUTIMA PROMMAK, NARUEMON WATTANAPONGSAKORN *
More informationThe regsubseq Package
The regsubseq Package Sepember 30, 2007 Type Package Tile Deec and Tes Regular Sequences and Subsequences Version 0.10 Dae 2007-09-27 Auhor Mainainer For a sequence of even occurence
More informationTHE Cisco visual network index report predicts a drastic
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 18, NO. 7, JULY 2016 1401 Qualiy of Experience Driven Muli-User Video Sreaming in Cellular Cogniive Radio Neworks Wih Single Channel Access Zhifeng He, Shiwen Mao,
More informationChapter 2 Summary: Continuous-Wave Modulation. Belkacem Derras
ECEN 44 Communicaion Theory Chaper Summary: Coninuous-Wave Modulaion.1 Modulaion Modulaion is a process in which a parameer of a carrier waveform is varied in accordance wih a given message (baseband)
More informationAdaptive Antenna Array for Reliable OFDM Transmission
Adapive Anenna Array for Reliable OFDM Transmission Shinsuke Hara Deparmen of Elecronics, Informaion Sysem And Energy Engineering, Graduae School of Engineering, Osaka Universiy Conens of This Presenaion
More informationICT 5305 Mobile Communications
ICT 5305 Mobile Communicaions Lecure - 2 April 2016 Dr. Hossen Asiful Musafa 2.1 Frequencies for communicaion VLF = Very Low Frequency LF = Low Frequency MF = Medium Frequency HF = High Frequency VHF =
More informationWhen answering the following 25 questions, always remember that there is someone who has to grade them. So please use legible handwriting.
38963, VU Mobile Kommunikaion Miderm Exam: Insiu für Nachrichenechnik und Hochfrequenzechnik When answering he following 5 quesions, always remember ha here is someone who has o grade hem So please use
More informationCommunications II Lecture 7: Performance of digital modulation
Communicaions II Lecure 7: Performance of digial modulaion Professor Kin K. Leung EEE and Compuing Deparmens Imperial College London Copyrigh reserved Ouline Digial modulaion and demodulaion Error probabiliy
More informationWrap Up. Fourier Transform Sampling, Modulation, Filtering Noise and the Digital Abstraction Binary signaling model and Shannon Capacity
Wrap Up Fourier ransorm Sampling, Modulaion, Filering Noise and he Digial Absracion Binary signaling model and Shannon Capaciy Copyrigh 27 by M.H. Perro All righs reserved. M.H. Perro 27 Wrap Up, Slide
More information2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media,
2 IEEE. Personal use of his maerial is permied. Permission from IEEE mus be obained for all oher uses, in any curren or fuure media, including reprining/republishing his maerial for adverising or promoional
More informationThe University of Melbourne Department of Mathematics and Statistics School Mathematics Competition, 2013 JUNIOR DIVISION Time allowed: Two hours
The Universiy of Melbourne Deparmen of Mahemaics and Saisics School Mahemaics Compeiion, 203 JUNIOR DIVISION Time allowed: Two hours These quesions are designed o es your abiliy o analyse a problem and
More informationMobile Communications Chapter 2: Wireless Transmission
This book ocuses on higher layer aspecs o mobile communicaions, he compuer science elemens raher han on he radio and ransmission aspecs, he elecrical engineering par. This chaper inroduces only hose undamenal
More informationA-LEVEL Electronics. ELEC4 Programmable Control Systems Mark scheme June Version: 1.0 Final
A-LEVEL Elecronics ELEC4 Programmable Conrol Sysems scheme 243 June 26 Version:. Final schemes are prepared by he Lead Assessmen Wrier and considered, ogeher wih he relevan quesions, by a panel of subjec
More informationThe design of an improved matched filter in DSSS-GMSK system
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS The design of an improved mached filer in DSSS-GMSK sysem To cie his aricle: Mao Wei-ong e al 16 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 679 1 View he aricle online
More informationECMA-373. Near Field Communication Wired Interface (NFC-WI) 2 nd Edition / June Reference number ECMA-123:2009
ECMA-373 2 nd Ediion / June 2012 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Reference number ECMA-123:2009 Ecma Inernaional 2009 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma Inernaional 2012 Conens Page 1 Scope...
More informationCommunication Systems. Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
COMM 704: Communicaion Lecure : Analog Mulipliers Dr Mohamed Abd El Ghany Dr. Mohamed Abd El Ghany, Mohamed.abdel-ghany@guc.edu.eg nroducion Nonlinear operaions on coninuous-valued analog signals are ofen
More informationEE 330 Lecture 24. Amplification with Transistor Circuits Small Signal Modelling
EE 330 Lecure 24 Amplificaion wih Transisor Circuis Small Signal Modelling Review from las ime Area Comparison beween BJT and MOSFET BJT Area = 3600 l 2 n-channel MOSFET Area = 168 l 2 Area Raio = 21:1
More informationHeterogeneous Cluster-Based Topology Control Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks
29 1 2111 JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES Elecronics and Informaion Engineering Vol. 29 No. 1 Jan. 211 DOI: 1.3969/j.issn.255-297.211.1.7 272... TN 929.5 255-297(211)1-39-5 Heerogeneous Cluser-Based Topology
More informationA Novel Routing Algorithm for Power Line Communication over a Low-voltage Distribution Network in a Smart Grid
Energies 0, 6, 4-48; doi:0.90/en604 Aricle OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 996-07 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies A Novel Rouing Algorihm for Power Line Communicaion over a Low-volage Disribuion Nework in a Smar
More informationMach Zehnder Interferometer for Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Mach Zehnder nerferomeer for Wavelengh Division Muliplexing Ary Syahriar Pusa Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi nformasi dan Elekronika Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi e-mail : ary@inn.bpp.go.id
More informationMODELING OF CROSS-REGULATION IN MULTIPLE-OUTPUT FLYBACK CONVERTERS
MODELING OF CROSS-REGULATION IN MULTIPLE-OUTPUT FLYBACK CONVERTERS Dragan Maksimovićand Rober Erickson Colorado Power Elecronics Cener Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Universiy of Colorado,
More informationECE-517 Reinforcement Learning in Artificial Intelligence
ECE-517 Reinforcemen Learning in Arificial Inelligence Lecure 11: Temporal Difference Learning (con.), Eligibiliy Traces Ocober 8, 2015 Dr. Iamar Arel College of Engineering Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering
More informationParameters Affecting Lightning Backflash Over Pattern at 132kV Double Circuit Transmission Lines
Parameers Affecing Lighning Backflash Over Paern a 132kV Double Circui Transmission Lines Dian Najihah Abu Talib 1,a, Ab. Halim Abu Bakar 2,b, Hazlie Mokhlis 1 1 Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering, Faculy
More informationForeign Fiber Image Segmentation Based on Maximum Entropy and Genetic Algorithm
Journal of Compuer and Communicaions, 215, 3, 1-7 Published Online November 215 in SciRes. hp://www.scirp.org/journal/jcc hp://dx.doi.org/1.4236/jcc.215.3111 Foreign Fiber Image Segmenaion Based on Maximum
More informationCollision Detection Method Using Self Interference Cancelation for Random Access Multiuser MIMO
elecronics Aricle Collision Deecion Mehod Using Self Inerference Cancelaion for Random Access Muliuser MIMO Kazuma Ando 1, Kenaro Nishimori 1, * ID, Ryochi Kaaoka 1, Takefumi Hiraguri 2, Yoshiaki Morino
More informationPhase-Shifting Control of Double Pulse in Harmonic Elimination Wei Peng1, a*, Junhong Zhang1, Jianxin gao1, b, Guangyi Li1, c
Inernaional Symposium on Mechanical Engineering and Maerial Science (ISMEMS 016 Phase-Shifing Conrol of Double Pulse in Harmonic Eliminaion Wei Peng1, a*, Junhong Zhang1, Jianxin gao1, b, Guangyi i1, c
More informationGeographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for ad hoc and sensor networks: energy and latency performance
Geographic Random Forwarding (GeRaF) for ad hoc and sensor neworks: energy and laency performance Michele Zorzi, Senior Member, IEEE, and Ramesh R. Rao, Senior Member, IEEE o appear in he IEEE Transacions
More informationVoIP over a wired link
VoIP over a wired link 1 1 Wireless Communicaions Phil Fleming Nework Advanced Technology Group Moorola, Inc. 1 3 3 3 Wireless Communicaions For he personal use of he paricipans in he IMA summer program
More informationIEEE COMSOC MMTC Communications - Frontiers
IEEE COMSOC MMTC Communicaions - Froniers 1. Inroducion QoE Driven Video Sreaming over Cogniive Radio Neworks for Muli-User wih Single Channel Access Mingie Feng, Zhifeng He and Shiwen Mao Auburn Universiy,
More informationELEG 3124 SYSTEMS AND SIGNALS Ch. 1 Continuous-Time Signals
Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering Universiy of Arkansas ELEG 3124 SYSTEMS AND SIGNALS Ch. 1 Coninuous-Time Signals Dr. Jingxian Wu wuj@uark.edu OUTLINE 2 Inroducion: wha are signals and sysems? Signals
More informationMemorandum on Impulse Winding Tester
Memorandum on Impulse Winding Teser. Esimaion of Inducance by Impulse Response When he volage response is observed afer connecing an elecric charge sored up in he capaciy C o he coil L (including he inside
More informationPhoto Modules for PCM Remote Control Systems
Phoo Modules for PCM Remoe Conrol Sysems Descripion The HS38B series are miniaurized receivers for infrared remoe conrol sysems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, he epoxy package
More informationResearch Article Bandwidth Management in Wireless Home Networks for IPTV Solutions
Digial Mulimedia Broadcasing Volume 2013, Aricle ID 474212, 7 pages hp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/474212 Research Aricle Bandwidh Managemen in Wireless Home Neworks for IPTV Soluions Tamás Jursonovics 1
More informationSignaling Cost Analysis for Handoff Decision Algorithms in Femtocell Networks
Signaling Cos Analysis for Hoff Decision Algorihms in Femocell Neworks Wahida Nasrin Jiang Xie The Universiy of Norh Carolina a Charloe Charloe, NC 28223-1 Email: {wnasrin, Linda.Xie}uncc.edu Absrac Femocells
More informationEnergy Efficient Data Fragmentation for Ubiquitous Computing
The Compuer Journal Advance Access published Sepember 1, 2013 The Briish Compuer Sociey 2013. All righs reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com doi:10.1093/comjnl/bx080 Energy
More informationMultiple Load-Source Integration in a Multilevel Modular Capacitor Clamped DC-DC Converter Featuring Fault Tolerant Capability
Muliple Load-Source Inegraion in a Mulilevel Modular Capacior Clamped DC-DC Converer Feauring Faul Toleran Capabiliy Faisal H. Khan, Leon M. Tolber The Universiy of Tennessee Elecrical and Compuer Engineering
More informationUltrawideband Normalized Radar Cross Sections of Distributed Clutter
Ulrawideband Normalized Radar Cross Secions o Disribued Cluer Ram M. Narayanan Deparmen o Elecrical Engineering The Pennsylvania Sae Universiy Universiy Park, PA 68, USA ram@engr.psu.edu Absrac Theoreical
More informationMotion-blurred star image acquisition and restoration method based on the separable kernel Honglin Yuana, Fan Lib and Tao Yuc
5h Inernaional Conference on Advanced Maerials and Compuer Science (ICAMCS 206) Moion-blurred sar image acquisiion and resoraion mehod based on he separable kernel Honglin Yuana, Fan Lib and Tao Yuc Beihang
More informationFuzzy Inference Model for Learning from Experiences and Its Application to Robot Navigation
Fuzzy Inference Model for Learning from Experiences and Is Applicaion o Robo Navigaion Manabu Gouko, Yoshihiro Sugaya and Hiroomo Aso Deparmen of Elecrical and Communicaion Engineering, Graduae School
More informationTo Relay or Not to Relay: Learning Device-to-Device Relaying Strategies in Cellular Networks
To Relay or No o Relay: Learning Device-o-Device Relaying Sraegies in Cellular Neworks Nicholas Masronarde, Viral Pael, Jie Xu, Lingia Liu, and Mihaela van der Schaar Absrac- We consider a cellular nework
More informationLoad Balancing Models based on Reinforcement Learning for Self-Optimized Macro-Femto LTE- Advanced Heterogeneous Network
Load Balancing Models based on Reinforcemen Learning for Self-Opimized Macro-Femo LTE- Advanced Heerogeneous Nework Sameh Musleh, Mahamod Ismail and Rosdiadee Nordin Deparmen of Elecrical, Elecronics and
More informationA Perspective on Radio Resource Management in B3G
A Perspecive on Radio Resource Managemen in B3G Oriol Sallen Universia Poliècnica de Caalunya (UPC) E-mail: sallen@sc.upc.edu Absrac.- Beyond 3G usually refers o heerogeneous scenarios where differen Radio
More informationState Space Modeling, Simulation and Comparative Analysis of a conceptualised Electrical Control Signal Transmission Cable for ROVs
Sae Space Modeling, Simulaion and omparaive Analysis of a concepualised Elecrical onrol Signal ransmission able for ROVs James Naganda, Deparmen of Elecronic Engineering, Konkuk Universiy, Seoul, Korea
More informationChapter 2 Introduction: From Phase-Locked Loop to Costas Loop
Chaper 2 Inroducion: From Phase-Locked Loop o Cosas Loop The Cosas loop can be considered an exended version of he phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL has been invened in 932 by French engineer Henri de Belleszice
More informationLocation Tracking in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks using Particle Filter
Locaion Tracking in Mobile Ad Hoc Neworks using Paricle Filer Rui Huang and Gergely V. Záruba Compuer Science and Engineering Deparmen The Universiy of Texas a Arlingon 46 Yaes, 3NH, Arlingon, TX 769 email:
More informationRadio Resource Management in Beyond 3G Systems
IEEE MELECON 2006, May 16-19, Benalmádena (Málaga), Spain Radio Resource Managemen in Beyond 3G Sysems Absrac.- Beyond 3G sysems is usually he erm used o refer o he new scenarios in he wireless arena where
More informationOptical Short Pulse Generation and Measurement Based on Fiber Polarization Effects
Opical Shor Pulse Generaion and Measuremen Based on Fiber Polarizaion Effecs Changyuan Yu Deparmen of Elecrical & Compuer Engineering, Naional Universiy of Singapore, Singapore, 117576 A*STAR Insiue for
More informationTechnology Trends & Issues in High-Speed Digital Systems
Deailed comparison of dynamic range beween a vecor nework analyzer and sampling oscilloscope based ime domain reflecomeer by normalizing measuremen ime Sho Okuyama Technology Trends & Issues in High-Speed
More informationTeacher Supplement to Operation Comics, Issue #5
eacher Supplemen o Operaion Comics, Issue #5 he purpose of his supplemen is o provide conen suppor for he mahemaics embedded ino he fifh issue of Operaion Comics, and o show how he mahemaics addresses
More informationDistributed Coordinated Signal Timing Optimization in Connected Transportation Networks
Disribued Coordinaed Signal Timing Opimizaion in Conneced Transporaion Neworks Link o he paper: hps://urldefense.proofpoin.com/v2/url?u=hps-3a auhors.elsevier.com_a_1v3f6-2cm0mr5bao&d=dwifaq&c=c3yme8gmkxg_ihjnxs06zywk4ejm8ldrrvxqb-
More informationAn off-line multiprocessor real-time scheduling algorithm to reduce static energy consumption
An off-line muliprocessor real-ime scheduling algorihm o reduce saic energy consumpion Firs Workshop on Highly-Reliable Power-Efficien Embedded Designs Shenzhen, China Vincen Legou, Mahieu Jan, Lauren
More informationEXPERIMENT #4 AM MODULATOR AND POWER AMPLIFIER
EXPERIMENT #4 AM MODULATOR AND POWER AMPLIFIER INTRODUCTION: Being able o ransmi a radio frequency carrier across space is of no use unless we can place informaion or inelligence upon i. This las ransmier
More informationDAGSTUHL SEMINAR EPIDEMIC ALGORITHMS AND PROCESSES: FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS
DAGSTUHL SEMINAR 342 EPIDEMIC ALGORITHMS AND PROCESSES: FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS A Sysems Perspecive Pascal Felber Pascal.Felber@unine.ch hp://iiun.unine.ch/! Gossip proocols Inroducion! Decenralized
More information