Heterogeneous Cluster-Based Topology Control Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks

Transcription

1 JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES Elecronics and Informaion Engineering Vol. 29 No. 1 Jan. 211 DOI: /j.issn TN (211) Heerogeneous Cluser-Based Topology Conrol Algorihms for Wireless Sensor Neworks ZHANG Xue-fan Key Laboraory of Specialy Fiber Opics and Opical Access Neworks, Shanghai Universiy, Shanghai 272, China Absrac: In wireless sensor neworks in which he opology change is small, o reduce energy consumpion in cluser head selecion, a cluser-based opology conrol algorihms is proposed. The cluser head is made much more powerful, pariioning a cluser ino wo rings. The ouer ring is furher divided ino smaller secors. This algorihm has advanages of boh high efficiency in conrolling cluser head cener, and flexibiliy of muli-hop nodes. A sysem based on HCTCA can reduce he average ransmission radius of nodes and iner-cluser inerferences, and improve he nework hroughpu. Keywords: wireless sensor nework, opology conrol, heerogeneous cluser, iner-cluser inerference MAC. [1]HEED(hybrid energyefficien disribued clusering) [2-3] [] 1. [5]TDMA (No.67221)(No.S31, No.DZ22311) @shu.edu.cn

2 29. [6] TDMA. TDMA..... [7].. [-9]. (heerogeneous cluser-based opology conrol algorihms for wireless sensor neworks, HCTCA). 2 HCTCA HCTCA HCTCA. RSSI(received signal srengh indicaor). 1 A B b 5 A B. RSSI A. B b a 3 a b 5 b6 a 2 b 2 A b 3 a 1 1 HCTCA Figure 1 Se up of he heerogeneous cluser for HCTCA 2.2 HCTCA HCTCA HCTCA. 2(a). 1) RSSI. RSSI k.. RSSI k. RSSI. A ID a 1 a 1 RSSI a 2 a a 2 a a 1, a 2 a a 2 a. b 1

3 1 1 2(a) a 1 a b 7 b 6 b 5 b b 9 b 1 b a a 5 2 a 3 A b b 3 a 2 a 6 a 7 a b 12 b 13 1 b 2 a 1 b 1 b 1 (a) (a) Sparse opology (b) (b) Dense opology 2 HCTCA b 16 b 15 1 Figure 2 Topology of he HCTCA 3 Figure 3 Flowchar of HCTCA 2) RSSI. A a 1 RSSI b 1, b 2, b 16 a 1 a 1 A. A RSSI. 2. 2(b) HCTCA (b) 2(b) TDMA () () 1 2 N TDMA TDMA (a) (a) Time-slo managemen (b) (b) Example of ime-slo managemen HCTCA Figure Time-slo conrol of HCTCA

4 TDMA N TDMA N N (b) HCTCA. 3.1 HCTCA. 2(a) 1/2 2(b) 1/3. r av = 1 ( m r i + N i=1 n ) r j j=1 (1) N i j. R 2(a) r av1 = ( R R) = 5R 6 r av2 = R 2 5 HCTCA Figure 5 Inercluser inerference for HCTCA 3.3 HCTCA NS-2SMAC [1]. SMACMAC AODV [11] Table 1 Simulaion parameers seing 1 Two ray ground MHz db mw 2 kbi/s 9 17m 17 m Byes 5 5 m 1 1 s % 2(b). 3.2 HCTCA Figure 6 Topology of simulaion HCTCA (b) 2

5 1 3 1) %5.%. 2) 3 3 HCTCA 37 HCTCA1%. 2 kbi/s HCTCA 162 kbi/s kbi/s, 7.5 kbi/s 1 2 kbi/s 1 s HCTCA. 21.6%.1 1%. SMAC+AODV 1%. T sink /(kbi s 1 ) SMAC (no sleep ) SMAC (9% duy cycle) SMAC (5% duy cycle) SMAC (3% duy cycle) 21.6 % duy cycle /(kbi s 1 ) 7 HCTCASMAC Figure 7 Comparison of sysem hroughpu for SMAC and HCTCA.. HCTCA. HCTCA... : [1] Younis O, Fahmy S. HEED: a hybrid, energyefficien, disribued clusering approach for ad hoc sensor neworks[j]. IEEE Transacions on Mobile Compuer, 2, 3(): [2] Muhamad W N W, Dimyai K. Evaluaion of sable cluser head elecion (SCHE) rouing proocol for wireless sensor neworks[c]//2 IEEE Inernaional RF and Microwave Conference Proceedings, December 2-, 2: [3] Qureshi H K, Rajarajan M A. Cycle-based clusering algorihm for wireless sensor neworks[c]// 29 Third Inernaional Conference on Nex Generaion Mobile Applicaions, Services and Technologies, 29: 1-5. [] Zhu X, Shen L, Yum T S P. Hausdorff clusering and minimum energy rouing for wireless sensor neworks[j]. IEEE Transacions on Vehicular Technology, 29, 5(2): [5] Kulkarni S S. TDMA service for sensor neworks[c]//disribued Compuing Sysems Workshops 2 Proceedings 2h Inernaional Conference on Digial Objec Idenifier: 1.119/ICD- CSW.2.129, 2: [6]. TDMA[J]. 29(): Zhuang Xiong, Yang Yongming, Ding Wei. TDMA scheduling proocol and implemenaion for avoiding iner-cluser inerference of wireless sensor nework[j]. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Acuaors, 29, : (in Chinese) [7] Zhang Zhenghao, Ma Ming, Yang Yuanyuan. Energy-efficien mulihop polling in clusers of wolayered heerogeneous sensor neworks[j]. Compuers, IEEE Transacions, 2, 57(2): [] Mhare P, Rosenberg C, Kofman D. A minimum cos heerogeneous sensor nework wih a lifeime consrain[j]. IEEE Transacions Mobile Compuing, 25, (1): -15 [9] Machado R, Zhang Wensheng, Wang G. Nework planning for heerogeneous wireless sensor neworks in environmenal survivabiliy[c]// Tools wih Arificial Inelligence, 29 ICTAI 9: [1] Wei Ye, Heidemann J, Esrin D. An energyefficien MAC proocol for wireless sensor neworks[c]//tweny-firs Annual Join Conference of he IEEE Compuer and Communicaions Socieies. Proceedings, IEEE Volume 3, June 22: [11] Perkins C E, Royer E M. Ad-Hoc on-demand disance veco rouing[c]// Proceedings of he 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Compuing Sysems and Applicaions, 1999: 9-1. (: )