Thomas Mager 1, Christian Reinhold 2, Sascha Rinne 3 1

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1 Advanced 3D Nearfield Scanner for automated measurement of phase and amplitude of arbitrary shaped modules Thomas Mager 1, Christian Reinhold 2, Sascha Rinne 3 1 Fraunhofer ENAS, Advanced System Engineering, D Paderborn 2 Universität Paderborn, Fachgebiet Sensorik, EIM-E, D Paderborn 3 Magh und Boppert GmbH, D Paderborn Pass the EMC test t at module level l November 16 th 2010 Aalborg

2 Outline Introduction & Motivation State-of-the-art Vector Near Field Scanner Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Conclusion 2

3 Motivation: Why we need Near Field Scanning? EMC: Failure-free coexistence of different systems, e.g. motor control unit with ESP Distinction between Immunity and Emitted Interference Conducted Emission, e.g. via Bus System, Power Supply Radiation of electromagnetic Wave and coupling in adjacent Subsystems Measuring Method: Anechoic Chamber, OATS, TEM, GTEM-Cell, Reverberation Chamber Near Field Measurement Techniques: Aim: Visualisation of field distribution for the identification of interference High electromagnetic fields in the adjacency of lines and components can be identified as source of interference 3

4 Motivation: Why we need Near Field Scanning? Motor Control Unit 4

5 Motivation: Why we need Near Field Scanning? Motor Control Unit 5

6 Motivation: Why we need Near Field Scanning? RFID-Reader 13.56MHz 6

7 Motivation: Why we need Near Field Scanning? RFID-Reader 13.51MHz Tangential and normal magnetic field at 13.56MHz 7

8 Motivation: Why we need Near Field Scanning? magnetic field at 157kHz and 314kHz 8

State-of-the-art Automotive Test Objects PCB Chip Package Chip Die

x 50cm at 1µm step size Probe measurement very close over DUT

9 State-of-the-art Automotive Test Objects PCB Chip Package Chip Die Challenges for Near Field Scanning: Scanning volume of 50cm x 80cm x 50cm at 1µm step size Probe measurement very close over DUT surface, also in the surrounding of high components, like E-CAP, connectors, heat sinks etc. Broadband and fast measurements with high dynamic Measurement of the real field indicator E [V/m] and H [A/m] 9

State-of-the-art Antenna Characterisation EMI Measurement D.M. Kerns, U.

field EMC Precision Scan System EPS-3000, www.noiseken.

10 State-of-the-art Antenna Characterisation EMI Measurement D.M. Kerns, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981 Measurement in the radiated near field EMC Precision Scan System EPS-3000, Inside reactive e near field region Determination of antenna parameters like directivity etc. Standardised in IEC :2005 Separate measurement of electric and magnetic filed, mostly indirect, i.e. input level at receiver [V, P] 10

Vector Near Field Scanner: Scanning Region Motivation: Capture of field quantity close to the DUT surface (Emission) High sensitivity Enhancement of spatial resolution

11 Vector Near Field Scanner: Scanning Region Motivation: Capture of field quantity close to the DUT surface (Emission) High sensitivity Enhancement of spatial resolution local and vectored injection of interferences (Immunity test) Classification of Scanning Region 0 r Reactive Near Field 2 r 2 d / Radiated Near Field 2 r 2 d / Far Field 11

12 Vector Near Field Scanner: Principle Development of complete EMI Near Field Scanner (Hardware and Software) Vectorial acquisition of E[r,t], H[r,t] in upper hemisphere over ground plane Compensation of probe characteristics Complete detection ti of DUT contour High accurate and fast acquisition of broadband emission in time and frequency domain 12

Vector Near Field Scanner: Probe Calibration Aim:

characteristic or a real probe Determination of the

[dbv/m] Simulation for calibration, Cross-section at

Measurement for calibration, Cross-section at y =

13 Vector Near Field Scanner: Probe Calibration Aim: Compensation of the non-ideal receiving characteristic or a real probe Determination of the real field indicator E and H Monopol probe ] mag [dbv/m] Simulation for calibration, Cross-section at y = 0mm Ez ref mag [dbm] Measurement for calibration, Cross-section at y = 50mm 0 Ez m xm[mm] xm[mm] 13

14 Vector Near Field Scanner: Receiving Characteristic Aim: Compensation of the non-ideal receiving characteristic or a real probe Determination of the real field indicator E and H ky ky Monopol probe ky ky Weighting function from measurements, Cross-section at kx= ky mag [dbm] kx ky 14

15 Vector Near Field Scanner: Post-ProcessingProcessing Scalar deconvolution & field distribution in smaller distance than measuring distance Deconv volution PW theory 15

16 Vector Near Field Scanner: Post-ProcessingProcessing Scalar deconvolution & field distribution in larger distance than measuring distance Deconvo olution PW theory 16

17 Vector Near Field Scanner: Post-ProcessingProcessing Comparison between scalar and compensated field distribution by the example on a Test-IC for E n at 1mm distance and 300MHz (3rd Harmonic) Top-Side Bottom-Side ChristianReinhold,UniversitätPaderborn-FraunhoferENASASE NahfeldmesstechnikinderEMV-Analyse 20/24 17

18 Vector Near Field Scanner: Post-ProcessingProcessing Comparison between scalar and compensated field distribution by the example on a Test-IC for E n at 1mm distance and 300MHz (3rd Harmonic) Top-Side Bottom-Side compensated hot-spot ChristianReinhold,UniversitätPaderborn-FraunhoferENASASE NahfeldmesstechnikinderEMV-Analyse 20/24 Scalar diagram 18

19 Vector Near Field Scanner: Post-ProcessingProcessing Comparison between scalar and compensated field distribution by the example on a Test-IC for E n at 1mm distance and 300MHz (3rd Harmonic) Top-Side Bottom-Side compensated hot-spot NORM core ChristianReinhold,UniversitätPaderborn-FraunhoferENASASE NahfeldmesstechnikinderEMV-Analyse 20/24 Scalar diagram Probe compensated diagram 19

Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Positioning

of ground plane Probe shape and absolute

Laser Portal (PMMA) Ground Plane Position

20 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Positioning Unit: Scan volume 50cmx80cmx50cm Step size1µm 7-axes control unit DC-servo drives for smooth and precise running Subsonic absorbing Granit basement (ca. 600kg) metal free upper hemisphere Telescopic probe fixture with rotary system Automatic detection of Zero level l of ground plane Probe shape and absolute position Contour of test object Linien Laser Portal (PMMA) Ground Plane Position System Granit Basement Z-Drives Rotary System Camera Probe Inlay with DUT 20

21 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Positioning Unit: Scan volume 50cmx80cmx50cm Step size1µm 7-axes control unit DC-servo drives for smooth and precise running Subsonic absorbing Granit basement (ca. 600kg) metal free upper hemisphere Telescopic probe fixture with rotary system Automatic detection of Zero level l of ground plane Probe shape and absolute position Contour of test object 21

22 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Optical contour detection Triangulation principle Contour detection by triangulation techniques 2 Line laser (100mW) acquisitions/sec. Compensation of optical distortion, laser-speckle, reflections, absorption etc. Line-Laser Test PCB Row data 3D Contour data 22

Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Signal acquisition Vector

mixer and ADC) IF BW = 36MHz Acquisition of amplitude

Noise Figure < 4dB Dynamic range in combination with SPU

-140 to 20dBm Signal Preconditioning Unit -150 Nout

[dbm] -30 VSA residuals [dbm] SPin [dbm] -50 SPout [dbm]

23 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Signal acquisition Vector Signal-Analyser (VSA) in time domain (Combination of mixer and ADC) IF BW = 36MHz Acquisition of amplitude and Phase Frequency range DC-6GHz High sensitivity: Noise Figure < 4dB Dynamic range in combination with SPU Dynamic range of PU + VSA in a BB range (RBW = 1 khz) -140 to 20dBm Signal Preconditioning Unit -150 Nout [dbm] Pout [dbm] IMD3 [dbm] -30 VSA residuals [dbm] SPin [dbm] -50 SPout [dbm] Input IMD3>100kHz Input IMD3<100kHz Pin [dbm]

24 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Probes Balun passive probe active probe active E-field probe 100µm dipol length (Cooperation Prof. Thiede; Höchstfrequenzelektronik EIM/HFE) 24

25 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Modelling of passive Probes Differential probe response to an inpinging plane wave with 1V/m -150 t power [dbm] ifferential output Di Frequency [GHz] 25

26 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Active Probes Implementation in NFS-System 26

27 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Active Probes Improved Heat Dissipation Thermal distribution without heat transmission Thermal distribution with heat transmission 27

Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Multi-Probe Switch Speed up of measurement Measurement of different Probe Signals Responds at the same position Ausgang

Schleife (Sensitives Element) Schleife (Sensitives Element) Conventional Probe Acquisition S 12,S 13 /db 5 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 X: 1 Y: -17.76 X: 1 Y: -1.

28 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Multi-Probe Switch Speed up of measurement Measurement of different Probe Signals Responds at the same position Ausgang A Ausgang B Symetrierglied Ausgang A Mess- Empfänger Multi- Sondenschalter Ausgang B Digitale Steuerung Mess- Empfänger Abschirmung Abschirmung Schleife (Sensitives Element) Schleife (Sensitives Element) Conventional Probe Acquisition S 12,S 13 /db X: 1 Y: X: 1 Y: X: Y: X: Y: X: Y: X: Y: Procedure with Multi Probe -35 S S f/ GHz 28

29 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Software & IT 29

30 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Software & IT 30

31 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Software & IT 31

32 Enhanced 3D Near Field Scanner Software & IT Controlled by 2 PC-Workstation optimised data base for near field measurements Projection and administration of measurement Configuration of measurement problem Analyse and visualisation Secure handling & reliability of system IEEE488.2-Interface for embedding ext. measurement devices in test setup Matlab-Interface Commercial software- development and support by 32

33 Conclusion and Outlook Near field scanning is an new and powerful measurement technique for new potential of analyse Emission test Immunity test Vector near field scanning with aut. contour detection open up more advantage as other systems on the market Determination of the real field indicator E and H Higher spatial resolution Further development of these techniques Contactless measurement of current and voltage Emulation of anechoic chamber (far field emulation) First Version available in Q1/2011 Build-up at Continental (Nuremberg) Coupling with CST µwave Studio (Import & Export of 3D field data) 33

34 Thank you for your attention! 34

Combining Near-Field Measurement and Simulation for EMC Radiation Analysis

White Paper in conjunction with Combining Near-Field Measurement and Simulation for EMC Radiation Analysis Electronic components are required to comply with the global EMC regulations to ensure failure