Challenges of Parallel Operations

Transcription

1 GENLINK TM issimilar Pitch Limiter Key Features Inserts >40% impedance in neutral current circulating path Reduces neutral circulating current by >75% Adds <1% saturated impedance to 1-Ph fault path No impedance to 3-Ph fault path Use in 3-wire or 4-wire applications or any parallel source application with a common neutral and dissimilar voltage waveforms Eliminates generator overheating and false protection trips caused by triple frequency circulating currents Easy to install Reliable and proven performance Challenges of Parallel Operations hen paralleling equipment such as generators or other distributed generation sources to each other or the utility supply, it is imperative that voltages produced by the generating equipment are as closely matched as possible. This means not only the RMS voltage values but the actual voltage waveshapes as well. Given the increased usage of this equipment, there are many paralleling applications where the voltage waveshapes can be dissimilar, resulting in high neutral circulating currents. Common reasons for these differences include: 1. Using generators with different pitch configurations made by different manufacturers or by the same manufacturer who has changed its standard pitch designs 2. Solar, wind or other alternative energy sources which use inverters to convert C power to AC for connection to the Utility To solve these challenges, Mirus GENLINK issimilar Pitch Limiter (PNL) is a multiple winding reactor which is installed in the common neutral of paralleled sources. Treating Circulating Current Generators with different pitch configurations will have slightly different voltage waveshapes. These differences can produce phase-to-neutral instantaneous voltages which can introduce heavy neutral circulating currents which are predominantly triple frequency. Mirus GENLINK, once installed in the common neutral of paralleled generators, adds impedance to block the flow of circulating currents while adding only minimal impedance to the flow of fault current. If left untreated, these circulating currents can cause overheating in the generator windings and false tripping of overcurrent protection equipment, especially ground fault detection schemes. Applications GENLINK can be used in both 3-wire and 4-wire systems. In both systems, GENLINK is used when two or more generators of dissimilar pitch are paralleled together or a generator is paralleled with an alternate source, such as the Utility. PNL is then inserted in the neutral between the dissimilar generators or the generator and Utility supply. For 4-wire applications where there is return neutral current from 1-Ph loads, GENLINK must be sized for this current as well as the circulating current. For 3-wire applications where there is no return neutral current from 1-Ph loads, a smaller size GENLINK can be used. In addition to dissimilar pitched generator applications, GENLINK can also be applied to various parallel source applications with common neutral and dissimilar voltage waveforms.

2 General Specifications: 690V or less, 3-phase, 3 or 4 wire, 60 or 50Hz Operating Temp. Rise 130 o C (Max. Ambient of 40 o C) Insulation Class 220 o C System Connection Series connected in the common neutral of generator groups with dissimiliar winding pitches Equiv. Efficiency at Full Load > 99% Through Impedance (%Z) Y-Z Term: ~ 45% X-Y or X-Z Term: ~ 1% (saturated) inding Material Insulating Varnish Impregnation Polyester Resin Audible Sound Level As per NEMA ST-20 & CSA C9 Based on equivalent kva Ventilation Type: Nema-3R, ventilated Temperature Switches 170 o C [ o C] Over-Temperature Alarm ALM2: Over-Temperature Alarm with horn and flashing light (requires separate power, supplied by customer) 'MT & LT' Front View H Side View Return Return MT1 LT1 Circulating Circulating * Estimated values. INSTALLATION IN A 3-IRE SYSTEM INSTALLATION IN A 4-IRE SYSTEM H (Height) [737] [965] [1143] [1308] [1499] MIRUS 31 Sun Pac Blvd Brampton, Ontario Canada L6S 5P6 PNL Rating Table [60Hz] Total Capacity of all Paralleled Sources k [kva] V V V V 68 [85] [312] 320 [400] 360 [450] 160 [] 640 [800] 800 [] 900 [1120] 335 [420] 1280 [1600] 1600 [0] 1800 [2] [625] 0 [2] 2400 [3000] 2720 [3400] 675 [840] 2 [3126] 3 [4000] 3600 [4] 840 [1050] 3 [4000] 4000 [0] 4 [5625] [1] 3800 [4750] 4800 [6000] 5475 [6843] PNL Rating Table [50Hz] Total Capacity of all Paralleled Sources k [kva] V V V V 68 [85] [312] 320 [400] 360 [450] 160 [] 640 [800] 800 [] 900 [1120] 335 [420] 1280 [1600] 1600 [0] 1800 [2] [625] 0 [2] 2400 [3000] 2720 [3400] 675 [840] 2 [3126] 3 [4000] 3600 [4] 840 [1050] 3 [4000] 4000 [0] 4 [5625] [1] 3800 [4750] 4800 [6000] 5475 [6843] Product Code: (idth) [425] [661] [813] [1003] imensions (epth) [381] [495] [534] [648] [762] Size (Return Amps),,, 1 0, 2, 3000 All standard voltages up to 690VAC Tel:(905) Fax:(905) Toll Free: TO MIRUS mirus@mirusinternational.com ebsite: MT1 Center [349] [432] [610] PNL - aaa - vvv - Hz - En issimiliar Pitch Limiter PH A PH B PH C PH A PH B PH C N GEN. 3 ( 2/3 PITCH ) GEN. 1 ( 2/3 PITCH ) GEN. 1 ( 2/3 PITCH ) Y Z X GEN. 2 ( 5/6 PITCH ) 150 [68] 330 [150] 408 [185] [227] 560 [254] 725 [329] 1169 [530] GENLINK (PNL) GEN. 4 GENLINK (PNL) Y Z X MT1 eight* lbs [kg] eight* lbs [kg] 160 [73] 262 [119] 527 [239] 680 [309] 749 [340] 863 [392] 1241 [563] ( 5/6 PITCH ) GEN. 2 ( 5/6 PITCH ) Frequency 50, 60 E0 = No E1 = Standard E1E = Type 3R Enhanced Full Load (atts) Full Load (atts) Center [330] [445] [483] [813] PNL-PS01-A4 Effective: ecember 2012 C Mirus All specifications subject to change without notice. Visit for the latest information.

3 MIRUS 31 Sun Pac Blvd., Brampton, Ontario, Canada L6S 5P6 TECHNICAL ATA PNL ISSIMILAR PITCH NEUTRAL LIMITING REACTOR GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS: VOLTAGE 690V or less, 3-ph, 3 or 4-wire, 60 or 50Hz OPERATING TEMPERATURE RISE 130 C (Max. Ambient of 40 deg C) INSULATION CLASS 220 C SYSTEM CONNECTION Series connected in the common neutral of generator groups with dissimilar winding pitches EQUIV. EFFICIENCY AT FULL LOA > 99% THROUGH IMPEANCE (%Z) [4] Y-Z Term: ~ 45% X-Y or X-Z Term: ~ 1% (saturated) INING MATERIAL INSULATING VARNISH IMPREGNATION Polyester Resin AUIBLE SOUN LEVEL As per NEMA ST-20 & CSA C9 Based on equivalent kva VENTILATION INING MATERIAL ENCLOSURE Type: NEMA-3R, ventilated TEMPERATURE SITCHES 170 C [ C] OVER-TEMPERATURE ALARM ALM2: Over-Temperature Alarm with horn and flashing light (requires separate power, supplied by customer) MT1, ENCLOSURE Sizes [ 60Hz ] Losses Connections Mechanical Lugs Provided PNL Rating [3] Return Circu- Total Capacity of all Paralleled Sources [2] Full k [kva] eight Load lb [kg] [1] (atts) [1] lating V V V V Y and Z Terminals X Terminal [85] [312] 320 [400] 360 [450] MT1 150 [68] 150 MCM-#6 MCM-#6 160 [] 640 [800] 800 [] 900 [1120] 330 [150] MCM-#2 2x600MCM-#2 335 [420] 1280 [1600] 1600 [0] 1800 [2] 408 [185] 515 2x350MCM-#6 4x350MCM-# [625] 0 [2] 2400 [3000] 2720 [3400] [227] 765 Pad Pad [840] 2 [3126] 3 [4000] 3600 [4] 560 [254] 800 Pad Pad [1050] 3 [4000] 4000 [0] 4 [5625] 725 [329] 965 Pad Pad [1] 3800 [4750] 4800 [6000] 5475 [6843] 1169 [530] 1120 Pad Pad PNL Rating [3] Return Circu- Total Capacity of all Paralleled Sources [2] Full k [kva] eight Load lb [kg] [1] (atts) [1] lating V V V V Y and Z Terminals Sizes [ 50Hz ] Losses Connections Mechanical Lugs Provided X Terminal [85] 120 [150] 320 [400] 360 [450] MT1 160 [73] 210 MCM-#6 MCM-#6 160 [] 300 [375] 800 [] 900 [1120] 262 [119] MCM-#2 2x600MCM-#2 335 [420] 620 [775] 1600 [0] 1800 [2] 527 [239] 630 2x350MCM-#6 4x350MCM-# [625] 920 [1150] 2400 [3000] 2720 [3400] 680 [309] 850 Pad Pad [840] 1 [1] 3 [4000] 3600 [4] 749 [340] 1050 Pad Pad [1050] 1540 [1930] 4000 [0] 4 [5625] 863 [392] 1 Pad Pad [1] 1840 [2300] 4800 [6000] 5475 [6843] 1241 [563] 1350 Pad Pad CASE STYLE ENCLOSURE IMENSIONS - Standard Enhanced A B C E F G MT1 MT1-E [737] [425] [381] [483] [349] [330] [495] -E [965] [495] [432] [445] [635] -E [1143] [661] [534] [635] [483] -E [1308] [813] [648] [749], ENCLOSURE Notes: 1. Estimated values. 2. To size the PNL, determine the total capacity in k or kva of all paralleled generators. Select the PNL that corresponds to this value in the appropriate system voltage column. This will size the unit for a return neutral current rating that is at least 50% of the full current rating of the application. For V and V units, the return neutral rating will be at least 85% of the full current rating. 3. It is the Users responsibility to ensure that the actual return neutral current will not exceed the rating of the PNL. If the return neutral current from all phase-to-neutral loads in 4-wire applications is expected to exceed the recommended PNL rating, then select a larger size PNL or use a Mirus NCE-FAI to reduce neutral current (consult factory for sizing). For 3-wire applications, or applications where return neutral current is known to be lower, the next smaller size can be selected. 4. The high impedance between Y-Z terminals prevents the flow of circulating current (predominantly triplen frequency) between the dissimilarly pitched generator groups. X-Y and X-Z impedances are the values to be used for 1-phase fault level calculations and are with core saturated. The PNL will have no effect on 3-phase fault level. 5. PNL is inserted in the common neutral where two or more generators of dissimilar pitch are connected together (see Connection iagrams) or where generators are paralleled with an alternate source, such as the Utility. The PNL is inserted in the neutral between the dissimilar groups. 6. The neutral should be grounded in only one location. If grounded at the switchboard or any other location, terminal X on the PNL should not be grounded. 7. For additional information refer to: Typical Specifications, Application Notes, Internal Layout and Connection iagrams. 8. End User is responsible for ensuring that the PNL installation and wiring satisfies all applicable electrical and safety code requirements. 9. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Mirus [ ] TO MIRUS PNL-S002-A6

4 INVERSINE TM Advanced Universal Sine-wave Filter Problems Associated with PM Inverter Operation Pulse idth Modulated (PM) output voltage waveform of inverter equipped Adjustable Speed rive (AS) systems can greatly stress a standard induction motor. This is primarily due to the rapid change in voltage (high dv/dt) produced by the inverter s switching action. High dv/dt combined with a mismatch between cable and motor surge impedance can result in reflective wave phenomenon back at the motor terminals. s can increase by as much as 2 to 3 times nominal peak levels possibly exceeding the insulation rating of the feeder cables and motor magnetic wire leading to insulation stress, partial discharges and eventual failure. This problem can result with short cable runs but becomes magnified with long cable runs. Key Features Low insertion loss and voltage drop (<2% of rated voltage) No damping resistors required Power delivered to motor >96% Efficiency >98% Improves Power Factor of the motor near unity Reactive power compensation Prevents transient overvoltages at motor terminals Reduces motor noise Filters out high frequency currents while allowing lower fundamental currents to pass Reliable and proven performance Inversine Applications hen Motor does not have adequate insulation for AS duty Using a number of parallel motors Long Motor cable length hen Step-up/Step-down transformer is used between AS and motor There are specific requirements for peak voltage level and dv/dt rise time Motor noise needs to be reduced Maximum safety and reliability is needed in hazardous environments Submersible pumps with long motor cables used in the oil & gas industry Typical problems experienced can include motor and winding failure, motor noise, cable insulation degradation, premature AS failure, common-mode and reflected wave phenomenon and high EMI/RFI. INVERSINE ifferential Mode The Inversine Advanced Universal Sine-wave Filter (AUSF) is designed to address the problems resulting from pulse width modulation. It is a low pass filter with cutoff frequency well below the switching frequency of the inverter. The AUSF is much more than a simple dv/dt filter and will: substantially reduce voltage rise time (dv/dt) convert output voltage to near sinusoidal waveform (<3%) prevent transient overvoltages at motor terminals lower harmonic losses in the motor reduce motor noise reduce motor and cable insulation stress extend life of the motor and AS INVERSINE Common-mode Option Common-mode is the phase-to-ground voltage that appears as a result of the instantaneous sum of the 3-phase voltages of the PM inverter not being zero even when the sum of the average 3-phase voltages is zero. Common-mode voltages will induce common-mode currents to flow through parasitic capacitance in the motor and motor feeder cable. High frequency capacitive coupling exists across the motor bearings and between the feeder conductor or motor winding and ground. Common-mode currents can lead to premature motor bearing failure. The Inversine Common-mode Filter option will: Reduce shaft voltage and bearing currents Reduce cable leakage currents Reduce common-mode voltages throughout power system

5 General Specifications: Standard voltage up to 690V, 3-phase, 60 or 50Hz Overload Capability Suitable for overload of % for 180 seconds every 10 minutes Switching Frequency 2kHz to 8kHz or [8kHz to 16kHz] Motor Frequency 0Hz to 90Hz istortion (TH) Max. 5% (at full load and at 60Hz) Input Current istortion <8% at full load Efficiency >98% inding Material Operating Ambient Temperature -20 o C to +40 o C (-4 o F to 104 o F) Elevation < m (3300ft) above sea level Ventilation Type: Nema-3R, ventilated all Capability: 5 to 125HP Motor Size HP k * Estimated values. 'SU H AUSF Rating Table [60Hz] Output Amps [A] 3Ph/60Hz 480V 600V 690V 'MT, LT LT1 H eight* lbs [kg] 58 [26] 67 [30] 78 [35] 90 [41] 118 [54] 130 [59] 142 [65] 154 [70] 186 [84] 218 [99] 304 [138] 323 [147] 345 [156] 365 [166] 415 [189] 578 [262] 585 [266] 800 [363] 825 [374] 915 [415] 1398 [634] Options Nema-3R Enhanced Outdoor Ventilated Front View Side View Front View Side View Typical INVERSINE TM Configuration Input VS TM INVERSINE AUSF MOTOR SU3 LT1 H (Height) [749] [864] [965] [1143] [1308] [1499] Product Code: Advanced Universal Sine-wave Filter MIRUS 31 Sun Pac Blvd. Brampton, Ontario Canada L6S 5P6 (idth) [286] [336] [514] [661] [813] [1003] All standard voltages up to 690VAC imensions (epth) [286] [324] [406] [495] [534] [648] [762] Motor Horsepower 5 to 600 HP Tel:(905) Fax:(905) Toll Free: TO MIRUS mirus@mirusinternational.com ebsite: Center 9.00 [229] [279] [457] [432] [610] AUSF - HP - vvv - Ff - En - O Switching Frequency 1 = 2 to 8 khz 2 = 8 to 16 khz Center 8.50 [216] [254] [330] [445] [483] [610] Nominal Frequency 5 = 50Hz 6 = 60Hz Options E0 = No E1 = Standard E1E = Type 3R Enhanced AUSF-PS01-A3 Effective: March 2013 C Mirus All specifications subject to change without notice. Visit for the latest information.

6 MIRUS 31 Sun Pac Blvd., Brampton, Ontario, Canada L6S 5P6 TECHNICAL ATA INVERSINE TM _ Advanced Universal Sine-wave Filter (AUSF) 5 to 600HP GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS: RATING For motor/drive system sizes 5HP(3.75k) to 600HP(450k) [8] VOLTAGE Standard voltages up to 690V OVERLOA CAPABILITY Suitable for overload of % for 180 seconds every 10 minutes SITCHING FREQUENCY 2 khz to 8 khz [8kHz to 16kHz] MOTOR FREQUENCY 0 Hz to 90 Hz VOLTAGE ISTORTION (TH) Max. 5% (at Full Load and at 60Hz) INPUT CURRENT ISTORTION < Full Load EFFICIENCY > 98% OPERATING AMBIENT TEMPERATURE -20 C to +40 C (-4 F to 104 F) ELEVATION 3300ft [m] above sea level VENTILATION INING MATERIAL ENCLOSURE Type: NEMA-3R (5 600HP) all Mtg Capability: 5 to 125HP OPTIONS: NEMA-3R Enhanced Outdoor Ventilated Motor Size Filter Rating Standard Output Amps [3] [9] eight HP k lb [kg] [7] 480V 3Ph/60Hz 600V 3Ph/60Hz 690V 3Ph/60Hz [26] [30] [35] [41] [54] [59] [65] [70] [84] [99] [138] [147] [156] [166] [189] [262] [266] [363] [374] [415] LT [634] CASE ENCLOSURE IMENSIONS - STYLE A B C E F G H [286] 8.75 [222] [286] 9.00 [229] 8.50 [216] [305] 9.00 [228] [749] [336] [260] [324] [279] [254] [406] [279] SU [864] [514] [336] [406] [457] [330] [508] [457] [965] [495] [432] [445] [635] [1143] [661] [534] [635] [483] [1308] [813] [648] [749] LT [1499] [1003] [762] [864] [610] [813] SU ENCLOSURE MT, LT ENCLOSURE Notes: 1. Select Inversine Filter based on current rating of the motor for both variable and constant torque applications. 2. here a single Inversine Filter is used to supply multiple motors, the Inversine Filter current rating must sized for the total current rating of all motors. 3. For applications that exceed NEC ratings, use next larger size Inversine Filter. 4. For power inverter applications with isolation transformer or step-up transformer, the Inversine Filter current rating should be equal to or greater than that of the transformer nominal primary current. 5. For AS switching frequency below 2kHz, please consult factory. 6. Short circuit current rating not required under the exception No.1 of UL508A SB Approximate Values. 8. Specifications are subject to change without notice. 9. Cable entry is from left or right side only unless otherwise indicated. 10. For additional information refer to: Typical Specifications, Internal Layout and Connection iagrams. Mirus [ ] TO MIRUS AUSF-S001-A3