The ALOMAR Andøya Space Center, how and why?
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1 Gats Inc. Sodium lidar Before NSF policy change The ALOMAR Andøya Space Center, how and why? Gats Inc. Sodium lidar Before NSF policy change Kolbjørn Blix Dir. of Space Systems dept. Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
2 Munchen, ALOMAR Germany Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
3 2007, Kletzing TRICE mission ANDØYA THE EUROPEAN AEROSPACE ISLAND Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
4 90% 10% Space education Test range for test and validation of aerospace- and ship-based applications Subsidiary established 2018: Looking into future launch site polar and SSO orbiting satellites (450 kg). Decision 2019
5 Space Systems ASC activities
6 ALOMAR Observatory Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research 2018; Norway, Germany, USA, Bulgaria, UK, Spain, France, Switzerland Operating since 1994 Lidars: RMR, Fe, Ozone, Troposphere (covering 0-120km, day/night) Radars: MAARSY, Saura MF, SKiYMET ALOMAR Imaging Riometer for Ionospheric Studies (AIRIS) Doppler Wind Radiometer (WIRA C), CIMEL (sun,sky, moon) photometer, GUV/Brewer (UV/Ozone), Bentham ( nm) spectrometer All systems operated by the ALOMAR staff
7 ALOMAR science topics Planetary Boundary Layer Aerosols Cirrus Clouds Greenhouse Gases Ozone Layer Polar Stratospheric Clouds Noctilucent Clouds Gravity Waves Planetary Waves Atmospheric Tides Airglow Metal Layers (Fe, K ) Winds / temps Balloon Meteors release site Aurora Borealis Saura MF-radar Imaging riometer ALOMAR observatory Meteor radar Andøya Space Center MAARSY MST radar 7
8 Current partners Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
9 Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico 9
10 Noctilucent clouds ice particles ~85 km height RMR lidar Tx: 355 nm, 532 nm, 1064 nm from two pulsed Nd:YAG power lasers (peak pulse pwr - 90 MW) In the arctic mesosphere region Mid May to Mid August Temp, Winds, Water vapor, Noctilucent Clouds (NLC), Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) Scattering mechanisms used for signal detection: Raman (inelastic scatter (lower freq by excitation) 532 nm => 608 nm etc.. Mie Rayleigh (elastic scatter (same freq/wavel)) Rx: 14 channels (355, 387, 529.1, 530.4, 532, 608, 1064)
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12 Temp, Winds, Water vapor, Noctilucent Clouds (NLC), Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) RMR lidar Tx: 355 nm, 532 nm, 1064 nm from two pulsed Nd:YAG power lasers (peak pulse pwr MW) (Diode pumped from 2018) Scattering mechanisms used for signal detection: Raman (inelastic scatter (lower freq by excitation) 532 nm => 608 nm etc.. Mie Rayleigh (elastic scatter (same freq/wavel)) Rx: 14 channels (355, 387, 529.1, 530.4, 532, 608, 1064) Longest measurement: 187 hrs, feb Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
13 Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
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15 198 hrs of cont. measurements Record braking cont. RMR measurement: 190 hrs! A «gift» to GW research! 15
16 Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico 16
17 Combined measurements with radars, Lidars, passive instruments and sounding rockets Up to 100km
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21 Satellite ALOMAR ADM-AEOLUS ~2017 Collecting important data in relation to the improvement of weather forecasts in the north: The Aeolus satellite carries just one large instrument a laser Doppler wind lidar called Aladin that will probe the lowermost 30 km of the atmosphere to measure the winds sweeping around our planet. Important for operational safety in primary industries to Norway in the north; petroleum and fisheries. ALOMAR application for participation approved by ESA ALOMAR funding for ADM-Aeolus cal/val approved by NSC 2017
22 Satellite validation Sentinel 5P Carries the Tropospheric Ozone Monitoring Instrument, TROPOMI to provide data on trace gases and aerosols Co-operation with NILU, GOA and FMI Instruments at ALOMAR used for ground truthing: Ozone lidar GUV/Brewer data Cimel moon/sun photometer Expected launch: ~2018 ALOMAR application for participation approved by ESA ALOMAR funding for S5P cal/val approved by NSC 2018 Copyright: ESA Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
23 ALOMAR contribution to science
24 «Magnetic field ALOMAR Birkeland currents: Set of currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth s magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere Birkeland currents predicted by Kristian Birkeland (UiO) 1908 Confirmed by satellite 1967 Now to be measured by TGO, using lidar at ALOMAR Operational ~2019 Campaigns (new moon, dark period) Modelling work will continue in parallel Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
25 ALOMAR 2020 ASC pre-study into (incl. cost): Automation of multiple functions at the observatory to allow autonomous or "remote" measurements Necessary measures like local weather sensors and warning systems to safeguard people, instruments and measurement quality Remote control (opening / closing) of roof hatch with automatic safety systems Automatic fire and safety systems Emergency power system and more Staff issues ALOMAR sticker 1994 Partly ASC contribution to EU program ARISE2 WP.4 Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
26 ALOMAR Lidar Operation Health Administration - ALOHA
27 ALOMAR Unit distribution 2016 NILU 13 % CNRS 4 % GATS 6 % UiT 2 % MPS 4 % USU 2 % GOA UiO 2 % 0 % ASC 35 % IAP 32 % «whole cake» = $ per year Includes: 1. Maintenance technical equipment 2. Weekly cleaning ALOMAR building 3. Full time engineer position 4. Road maintenance, snow removal 5. Electricity 6. Gigabit fiber network 7. ALOMAR dedicated 4WD cars In addition: - Fixed contracts for appropriate projects - Periods (years) without AU payments in times of difficulty IAP ASC NILU CNRS GATS UiT MPS USU GOA UiO 2016: 1 AU = $ /26 = $11.769,- Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
28 The NORSE Network (contract ended 2017) The NORSE network comprises five arrays of sensors located along a WSW-ENE trend. Each array comprises multiple microbarometers. Courtesy of S. Arrowsmith, LANL Want to derive stratospheric winds from infrasound and compare with wind data from lidar
29 ALOMAR an observatory to share. Thanks to: National Science Foundation (NSF) Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik, Kühlungsborn, Germany Utah State Univ., USA Gats Inc., USA Tromsø Geophys. Obs., UiT, Norway DLR, Stuttgart, Germany ALOMAR Staff Baked by Malin and ALOMAR Kolbjørn Blix, CEDAR 2018 June 25th, Santa Fe, New Mexico
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