MWA Ionospheric Science Opportunities Space Weather Storms & Irregularities (location location location) John Foster MIT Haystack Observatory

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1 MWA Ionospheric Science Opportunities Space Weather Storms & Irregularities (location location location) John Foster MIT Haystack Observatory

2 Storm Enhanced Density: Longitude-specific Ionospheric Redistribution during Storms SED EIA Equatorial Depletion SED

3 Plasmasphere & Ring Current

4 GPS samples the ionosphere and plasmasphere to ~20,000 km. Dual-frequency Faraday Rotation Observations give TEC (Total Electron Content) Hundreds of Ground-Based Receivers ~30 satellites in High Earth Orbit TEC is a measure of integrated density in a 1 m 2 column 1 TEC unit = electrons m -2 TEC Sampled Continuously along Each Satellite- Receiver Path

5 10:00 UT 29 Oct SLT Enhanced 35 MagLat 22:00 UT 29 Oct SLT

6 Ionospheric Nomenclature South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (BRAZIL)

7 Conjugate TEC Enhancement in the American Sector TEC enhancement poleward of EIA forms as equatorial TEC decreases near dusk, as Dst is decreasing Evolution of Enhancement in Conjugate hemispheres is closely similar Residual enhancement persists (approximate corotation) ) over Caribbean & conjugate region Enhancement is seen at base of SED/plasmasphere erosion plume Magnetic and Geographic characteristics at the MWA site are similar to those associated with the Caribbean TEC enhancement

8 Conjugate TEC Enhancement Persists in American Sector

9 TEC Increases in Magnetically Conjugate Regions as Dusk Terminator Crosses SAA in Eastern Brazil

10 GPS Map of TEC July 15, :15 UT Plumes & Blobs of Storm-Enhanced Density Sweep across Mid Latitudes SAPS Enhancement and Poleward Expansion of Equatorial Anomaly

11 Upward/Southward Velocity (m/s)

12 Enhancement Imaged from Ground (GPS TEC) & Space (IMAGE FUV)

13 10:00 UT 29 Oct SLT Enhanced 35 MagLat 22:00 UT 29 Oct SLT

14 Are Similar Effects Seen over MWA?

15 TEC Enhancement October 29, 2003 Corotating Enhancement in Australian Sector

16 Enhancement over MWA (18 MLT) is 3x larger than over 111 E MWA

17 DMSP Observation of Bubble Instability Enhanced 140 E SAPS -37 deg MagLat

18

19 Persistent TEC Enhancement Forms in NH near Florida

20

21 TEC Gradients Spawn Localized Instabilities Severe TEC Gradients along SED Plumes

22 It is a Chinese multi-station chain along 120ºE to monitor space environment, starting from Mohe, the most northern station in China, through Beijing WuhanGuangzhou and extended to Chinese Zhongshan station in the Antarctic.

23 No Station Lat. Lon. Types of Observations 01 Mohe 53.5N 122.4E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric (Inv Lat 47; L=2.1) 02 Manzhouli 49.6N 117.4E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric 03 Changchun 44.0N 125.2E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric 04 Beijing 40.3N 116.2E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric, Lidar, MST Radar,, IPS, Cosmic Rays HF Doppler Array, All-sky Airglow ImagerFPI (Inv Lat 32; L=1.4) 05 Xinxiang 34.6N 113.6E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric 06 Wuhan 30.5N 114.6E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric, Lidar, MST RadarHF Doppler Array Meteor Radar (Apex Lat 24; Inv Lat 19; L=1.1) 07 Hefei 33.4N 116.5E Lidar 08 Guangzhou 23.1N 113.3E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric,, Cosmic Rays 09 Hainan 19.0N 109.8E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric, LidarAll All-sky Airglow Imager VHF RadarSounding Rocket (Apex Lat 12) 10 Zhangshan 69.4S 76.4E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric HF RadarAurora (Inv Lat 75) 11 Shanghai 31.1N 121.2E GeomagneticIonospheric 12 Chongqing 29.5N 106.5E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric 13 Qujing 25.6N 103.8E Incoherent Scattering Radar (Apex Lat 19) 14 Chengdu 31.0N 103.7E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric 15 Lhasa 29.6N 91.0E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric

24 Great Location for Ionospheric Storm Studies Complimentary to Haystack/Arecibo n American Sector Undisturbed Ionosphere (usually) high sensitivity Significant Space Weather Enhancements during Storms Ionospheric Irregularity Studies

25 Just How Conjugate are the SED Enhancements?? Combine TEC Observations from Ground & Space with MADRIGAL Magnetic-Field Mapping

26 Topex Satellites Extend Coverage over Oceans

27

28

29 SYM H Index 0 SYM H (nt) TEC (TECu) Cold Plasma Redistribution 21 UT Brazil 45 W Florida 80 W UT (hr) May 29/30, 2003

30 Mapping TEC with N-S N S American GPS Stations 5-min TEC maps made from American GPS data Evolution of Low and Mid-Latitude Thermal Plasma Distribution Observed TEC Hole Forms over SAA (E Brazil) TEC Piles Up near L=2 at 280 E Longitude Temporal Variation seen at Constant Longitude

31 GPS Observes Enhancement and Spread of Anomaly Peaks at Edge of SAA

32 Polarization E Field at Terminator Conductivity Gradient 60 July 15, UT SZA km 40 Local Ionosphere Sunlit Conjugate Dark Geodetic Latitude Local Ionosphere Sunlit Conjugate Sunlit Epol Local Ionosphere Dark Conjugate Sunlit Local Ionosphere Dark Conjugate Dark 40 sza >100 deg Longitude

33 Localized Enhancements and Depletions of TEC Suggest a Geographic Longitude Dependence for Stormtime Ionospheric Perturbations

34

35 SED - TOI

36 System View: Polar SED Plumes are Conjugate

37

38 Multi-Instrument Distributed Observations Characterize the Coupled Ionosphere Magnetosphere System Ionosphere: SED Plume Carries Enhanced TEC into Noontime Cusp Magnetosphere: Drainage Plume Carries Plasmaspheric Material to Dayside Magnetopause

39 Storm Enhanced Density / Erosion Plumes Carried towards Noon in SAPS Flow Channel GPS TEC Millstone Hill ISR Noon Noon

40 In Space: Plasmasphere / Ring Current Interactions April 17, 2002 NASA IMAGE SAPS Channel (Merged image courtesy J. Goldstein) Sun Plasmasphere Erosion Plume

41 Station Distribution

42 Collaboration Proposal: Extending the MP into Russia

43 Storm Enhanced Density / Erosion Plumes Carried towards Noon in SAPS Flow Channel GPS TEC Millstone Hill ISR Noon Noon

44 Sunward Flux in TEC/Plasmasphere Plume March 31, 2001 Ground-Based GPS Maps TEC Plume [Foster et al., GRL 2002] Direct Observation of Velocity and Flux by Millstone Hill ISR

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