In-flight demonstration of a LiDAR based Air Data System DANIELA project 5B1
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1 In-flight demonstration of a LiDAR based Air Data System DANIELA project 5B1 Thales Avionics Xavier LACONDEMINE Teem Photonics Denis BARBIER Grant Agreement n
2 Context A current typical Air Data System is composed of external probes and pressure sensors. It delivers parameters such as airspeed, angle of attack and altitude. Even if such a system provides sufficient accuracy with high level of safety, it suffers from lack of robustness against bird collision, passenger stairs mishandling or hailstone. In addition, externally mounted probes are exposed to corrosion and require maintenance. How to withstand such event? Probe blocked by a mason bee nest Probes heating for anti-icing operation requires a lot of energy 2
3 InfraRed Doppler LiDAR principle ν L P L, ν L Laser Source P LO, ν LO Circulator ν L +ν D ν L +ν D V long V trans V Measurement volume Interferometer (ν L -ν LO )+ν D Sig. Proc. Detection Use of IR laser, Mie backscattering on atmospheric aerosols 1.5 µm CW <1W (Telecom market) Very Short Range <1m 3D airspeed measurement LiDAR=Light Detection And Ranging 3
4 Benefits What are the benefits of an Optical Air Data System? Independent failure modes Safety with respect to conventional ADS Flush, Fully static Reliability Maintenance costs No need for anti-icing Power consumption Remote measurement Local airfield compensation (SSEC) Multi-function (TAS, AOA, SSA) Integration Technological breakthrough Challenges: A new technique to be certified Innovation, EU technology Variabiliy of wind tracers concentration and distribution 4
5 DANIELA Objectives The project addresses the overall Optical ADS functions: InfraRed 3D Anemometry True Air Speed, Angle of Attack, Side Slip Angle Study of the atmosphere aerosol content for certification aspects and specification Technology improvement (glass integrated optics, smart heterodyne detector, window coatings) Development of LiDAR mock-up (including real-time signal processing) In-flight assessment of the mock-up in extreme atmospheric adverse conditions Longer term Optical ADS function Temperature, Density Validation of air temperature measurement concept (UV, IR) Bibliographic survey on air density. LiDAR V 1 V 2 TAS, AOA, SSA V 3 Optical AirData System Main parameters: Calibrated Air Speed Mach Number Pressure Altitude Angle of Attack H Air Temperature Air Density CAS α 5
6 Introduction to DANIELA Consortium DANIELA = Demonstration of ANemometry InstrumEnt based on LAser T0: May 1st, 2008 Project duration: 44 months Project total cost: , EC contribution: THALES Avionics DANIELA PARTNERS TRT EADS-IW XENIC S Avionics Management, Mock-up integration, signal processing Research & Technology Temperature measurement (IR) Temperature measurement (UV) Optical detector TEEM Photonics NLR CRANFIELD University ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE Integrated optics Flight testing of the mock-up Window icing & de-icing technologies DANIELA USERS CLUB AIRBUS FRANCE DASSAULT AVIATION Atmosphere particle content 6
7 LiDAR manufacturing & aircraft installation 4-axis LIDAR 4 independent real-time acquisition and processing channels Integrated optics Signal Processing Optical head Aircraft installation 3x3x20 mm 3 3 cm Frame Optical rack 7
8 Flight test campaign Objectives To perform LiDAR measurements in expected extreme adverse conditions To complement the statistic knowledge of the atmosphere aerosols content To have measurements correlated with satellites or other ground LiDAR from AWI in order to be able to make worldwide extrapolations Locations To the North: Low aerosols contents April 2011 To Africa: Sand wind, Tropical rain May
9 Technology improvement & LiDAR development 9
10 Principle of laser-based LIDAR-Doppler anemometer Optical part of Lidar system TEEM (IMEP) Waveguide- Laser 5 mw 10 mw Boo Splitter ster 5 mw 1 W TE Circ TM QWP Window TE Bal.-Detector Mixer TM Polarizing XENICS (TEEM) TE (50/50 coupler) 90 -connector flip EADS 10
11 DANIELA Lidar-module architecture Bi-axial Lidar architecture: Bi-axial laser-module architecture: Passive optical functions chip Pump diodes DFB Laser chip Preamplifier chip Integrated Optics approach 11
12 Low-noise DFB-Laser-waveguides DFB waveguide laser: Grating: Laser performance: Laser RIN: Packaged laser: 100 ma 150 ma PM singlemode fibre 10dBm output power 0.01nm/ C wavelength shift 10kHz linewidth -140dB/Hz RIN at 2MHz RIN (db/hz) E+06 4E+06 6E+06 8E+06 1E+07 Passive glass chip Isolator Heat sink Amplifier glass chip Laser glass chip Frequency (Hz) 12
13 Flight-Tests Laser-Module Prototype Isolator Amplifier glass chip Laser glass chip Passive glass chip Heat sink 13
14 Booster Flight-Tests LIDAR-Module Prototype Pump Laser diodes Balanced detector 2-axis laser module Polarisation splitters Mixers 14
15 Balanced detector module TWIN DETECTOR 17-pin STD Butterfly package TIA chip Ceramic submount Optically balanced Electrically balanced 400 MHz bandwidth Size: 20x10x8 mm Connectorised mini 2x2 coupler: BALANCED OUTPUTS TIA Submount with electronics 15
16 Temperature & air density measurement (UV, IR) Lower TRL study : Lab demonstration of the feasibility of temperature measurement using 2 different scattering principles Raman scattering Weak scattering cross sections No sensitivity to wind Demonstrated uncertainty < 1.1 K over flight envelope Similar laser source as for clear air turbulence detection Brillouin scattering in IR Sensitivity to wind Direct measurement of speed of sound Similar laser source as for air speed measurement 2c s T 16
17 Thank you! 17
18 18
19 Activities Innovative LiDAR based Air Data system architecture 3D IR LiDAR TAS, AOA, SSA Temperature measurement Density measurement Study of the atmosphere aerosols contents AWI Requirements & specification THALES Avionics Literature and internet survey EADS Technology improvement TEEM Photonics XENICS Cranfield University IR mock-up, Development, manufacturing & lab testing THALES R&T LiDAR Development THALES Avionics TEEM Photonics UV mock-up Development, manufacturing & lab testing EADS Mock-up manufacturing and flight testing THALES Avionics NLR Conclusion, exploitation & dissemination 19
20 Study of the atmosphere aerosol content Atmosphere aerosol content Identification of extreme conditions Low aerosol contents Varied particle size and distribution Very large particles Local variation (cloud / clear air) Study of troposphere particle content for a first assessment of the Doppler LIDAR worldwide performance availability ADS Performance requirements Accuracy Bandwidth / Refresh rate Availability Integrity LiDAR specification Optical architecture specification Laser Power Beam size Range / Focusing distance Signal processing algorithm specification Airborne LiDAR constraints Low laser power Reduced Optical window size Perturbated aerodynamic field 20
21 Signal processing specification The Daniela mock-up aims at demonstrating the ability to provide an accurate 3D airspeed from LiDAR measurements whatever the atmosphere Axis #1 Axis #1 Doppler freq. S(t) t t Storage media V t 3D velocity TAS, estimate AOA,SSA On-board signal processing Data pre-processing, compression and storage (~50 GB/Flight Hour) Real-time computation and display of signal quality indicators 4 independent channels (Fs=200 MHz) High intercept rate (>50 ms/s) Offline signal processing Signal classification Smart signal processing (according to signal characteristics) 3D velocity computation Performance assessment (statistics ) 21
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