Introduction to Dept. of Communications & Computer Engineering (Part 2)

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1 Introduction to Dept. of Communications & Computer Engineering (Part 2) Mamoru YAMAMOTO Research Insititute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University (Dept of Communications & Computer Engineering) August 2009 Kyoto University Clock Tower Building

2 ICT Technologies Internet, optical fiber and cellular system have made significant & incredible progress during last a few decades High performance computing combined with Broadband Networks (optical fiber (backbone) + various wireless access systems) (in terms of coverage), i.e., from mega-cell to body area network (BAN) or RFID tag. Remote sensing: another aspect of ICT, used for social safety/security and environmental research. All contributing to the realization of so-called ubiquitous network society

3 Research Groups in Dept of CCE : Computer Engineering Logic Circuits, Algorithms and Complexity Theory (Iwama) Computer Architecture (Tomita-retired 2009) Computer Software (Yuasa) Computer Science background Communications Systems Engineering Digital Communications (Yoshida) Integrated-Media Communications (Morikura) Intelligent Communication Networks (Takahashi) EEE Background Integrated Systems Engineering Processor Architecture and Systems Synthesis (Takashi Sato) Integrated Circuits Design Engineering (Onodera) Advanced Signal Processing (Toru Sato) Radio Atmospheric Sciences (Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere) Remote Sensing Engineering (Yamamoto) Atmospheric Observations (Tsuda)

Processor architecture and systems synthesis

Hardware-based image-recognition, tracking,

system Hardware-accelerated LSI design Dynamic

4 Processor architecture and systems synthesis lab. Algorithms for real-world applications Hardware-based image-recognition, tracking, matching Digital cinema permanent archival system Hardware-accelerated LSI design Dynamic reconfigurable architecture Takashi Sato Lab. Performance Integrity Availability Sensor-based LSI testing System LSI architecture and design methodology

Integrated Circuits Design Engineering Lab. Onodera Lab.

Variability, Reliability, Manufacturability, Low Power, High

Analog/RF Design High-speed on-chip/off-chip/optical signaling

structures for variability characterization 180nm 90 nm 65 nm

Manufacturabilityenhanced Library Reliability modeling and

Dependable-VLSI Design CAD Freq[MHz] 2750 2700 2650 2600 2550

5 Integrated Circuits Design Engineering Lab. Onodera Lab. Design Technologies for Ultra-Scaled CMOS VLSIs Design for: Variability, Reliability, Manufacturability, Low Power, High Speed, etc. Analog/RF Design High-speed on-chip/off-chip/optical signaling 12.5Gbps onchip signaling Design Variation-aware Design Test structures for variability characterization 180nm 90 nm 65 nm Analog Design for Manufacturability Robust Fabric: Manufacturabilityenhanced Library Reliability modeling and optimization Manufacturability enhancement by regular layout Dependable-VLSI Design CAD Freq[MHz] Physical Design Optimization Low-power design Statistical performance analysis and design Digital 14 Within-die variability in 90nm

6 High-resolution imaging with UWB (Ultra Wideband) radars Toru Sato Lab. Developing fast imaging algorithms which have a resolution of the order of 1/100 wavelength Applications to vehicle collision avoidance and security areas. z y x Target shape Image obtained with the proposed algorithm. Axes are in the unit of wavelength at the center frequency.

7 Radio Atmospheric Science Course Remote Sensing Engineering Area (Yamamoto Lab.) Atmosphere Observations Area (Tsuda Lab.) Satellite remote sensing Direct (in-situ) measurements with balloon, aircraft and rocket Ground-based radar and optical remote sensing Our interest: Remote sensing of Atmosphere / Ionosphere Near ground ~ 1000km alt.

Radio wave (Frequency) Optical wave (Wave length) IT IT AM Radio FM Radio, TV Mobile Phone Mobile

$Refraction Delay GPS Occultation GPS Meteorology Remote-sensing Scatt ering Refle ction Radi ation$ Meteorological Airplance Radar (5, 9 GHz ) Cloud Satellite Radar radar TRMM-PR (95GHz) Millimeter

Meteorological Airplance Radar (5, 9 GHz ) Cloud Satellite Radar radar TRMM-PR (95GHz) Millimeter

3, 9 GHz ) Satellite Micro- Subwave radiometer millimeter (6,10,18,23, 35, radiometer 50GHz ) Lidar

8 Radio wave (Frequency) Optical wave (Wave length) IT IT AM Radio FM Radio, TV Mobile Phone Mobile Phone GPS Wireless LAN Satellite Broadcasting Infrared Comm. Refraction Delay GPS Occultation GPS Meteorology Remote-sensing Scatt ering Refle ction Radi ation Wind Profiler (50MHz, 400MHz) RASS (Sound) Ocean wave radar (3-30MHz) Ionosonde (2-30MHz) Meteorological Airplance Radar (5, 9 GHz ) Cloud Satellite Radar radar TRMM-PR (95GHz) Millimeter wave THz radar (35 sensor GHz) Airborne SAR (1.3, 9 GHz ) Satellite Micro- Subwave radiometer millimeter (6,10,18,23, 35, radiometer 50GHz ) Lidar (Rayleigh, Mie, Raman, Resonace) DIAL lidar Infrared UV, Visible radiometer radiometer 2MHz 50MHz 800 MHz 1.3G Hz 1.2,-1. 6GHz 2.4,5 GHz 11-12GHz 35G Hz 95G Hz THz Infrared μm Visible Ultra violet

The MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar operated

diameter): 475 crossed Yagi antennas Output: 46.

(EAR), Installed in 2001 at Sumatra, Indonesia

0MHz, 100 kw (peak power) Time-height variations of

9 The MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar operated since 1984 at Shigaraki, Shiga Antenna array (103 m diameter): 475 crossed Yagi antennas Output: 46.5MHz, 1MW (peak power) Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR), Installed in 2001 at Sumatra, Indonesia Antenna (110 m, 560 crossed Yagi) Output: 47.0MHz, 100 kw (peak power) Time-height variations of wind velocity, temperature, humidity and atmospheric turbulence

Operational wind profiler network over Japan

System WIND PROFILER SITES CONTROL CENTER (JMA HQ)

Data center 31 LTRs are located and used for

10 Operational wind profiler network over Japan WINDAS:Wind Profiler Network and Data Acquisition System WIND PROFILER SITES CONTROL CENTER (JMA HQ) RADIOSONDE STATIONS Lower Troposphere Radar (LTR) Data center 31 LTRs are located and used for everyday weather forecasting km Data center/weather model

Basic Concept of GPS Occultation Measurement GPS Signals received on a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite are used for an active limb sounding of the atmosphere and ionosphere.

11 Basic Concept of GPS Occultation Measurement GPS Signals received on a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite are used for an active limb sounding of the atmosphere and ionosphere. During a rising or setting of a GPS satellite (occultation), the radio rays between the GPS and LEO satellites successively scan the atmosphere (and the ionosphere) from the receiver height down to the surface. A refractive index profile can be retrieved from the time variations of the ray bending angles. Propagation Delay of GPS Signals Determination of LEO Orbit Bending of Radio Ray Path Refractive Index Profile near the Tangent Point LEO Satellite Bending Angle Humidity Temperature Electron Density Tangent Point Data Assimilation Into NWP models GPS Satellite

Kuching #49 COSMIC #50 Temperature profiles with GPS RO have a height resolution comparable to

12 Comparison of temperature profiles between the COSMIC GPS RO result (#49 and #50) and radiosonde at Kuching, Malaysia. Profiles are shifted by 5K each. Kuching #49 COSMIC #50 Temperature profiles with GPS RO have a height resolution comparable to a radiosonde, which is useful for the studies of the detailed structure of the tropopause, perturbations with atmospheric waves, etc.

13 Radio beacon experiment of the ionosphere Satellite Shortest path Ionosphere Receiver on the ground Raidowave path Dual-band (150MHz/400MHz) beacon transmitted from satellite is received on the ground. Radiowave ray paths are bended from the shortest path depending at different frequency. Detecting phase difference between two signals, total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere can be estimated.

GNU Radio Beacon Receiver We develop a digital beacon receiver by using the open hardware/software. LINUX PC GNU Radio Software toolkit for SDR (Software Defined Radio), a free software.

14 GNU Radio Beacon Receiver We develop a digital beacon receiver by using the open hardware/software. LINUX PC GNU Radio Software toolkit for SDR (Software Defined Radio), a free software. USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral, see picture) A/D + signal processing board well associated with GNU Radio. Picture of USRP GNU Radio USRP

Coordinated Observation of of Equatorial Atmosphere Dynamics in in

Comparison The MU radar (Shigaraki), MF radar (Adelaide-U)

Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (2001 - ) Meteor Radar (2002 - )

15 Coordinated Observation of of Equatorial Atmosphere Dynamics in in Indonesia MF Radar at Tirunelveli, India ( ) Hemispheric Comparison The MU radar (Shigaraki), MF radar (Adelaide-U) Equatorial Network Christmas Island, Indonesia, India EAR: Equatorial Atmosphere Radar ( ) Meteor Radar ( ) Meteor radar Jakarta (1992-) MF radar, Pontianak West Kalimantan (1995- ) U. Adelaide Regional network in Indonesia Meteor radar (Jakarta, Koto Tabang), MF radar (Pontianak, Pameungpeuk) MF radar MF radar, Pameungpeuk (2004-)

16 Summary CCE covers studies for designing and physical properties of LSI. (Takashi Sato lab., Onodera lab.) Another important use of ICT technology is remote sensing. (Toru Sato lab. + RISH labs) CCE holds two labs that belong to RISH. They do, Development of various remote sensing techniques for the atmosphere/ionosphere. MU radar, and Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (Indonesia) GPS occultation, Satellite beacon, Lidar, etc. Study atmosphere dynamics by utilizing the instruments. Our studies contribute social safety/security, and environmental research. Many instruments and observation sites are located in Southeast Asian countries including Thailand and Vietnam.

Radio tomography based on satellite beacon experiment and FORMOSAT- 3/COSMIC radio occultation

Radio tomography based on satellite beacon experiment and FORMOSAT- 3/COSMIC radio occultation Mamoru Yamamoto (1), Smitha V. Thampi (2), Charles Lin (3) (1) RISH, Kyoto University, Japan (2) Space Physics