Emergency Preparedness and Planning: GIS and Critical 360. Samantha Luckhardt EGIS Supervisor City of Baltimore, Maryland

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1 Emergency Preparedness and Planning: GIS and Critical 360 Samantha Luckhardt EGIS Supervisor City of Baltimore, Maryland

2 Types of Threats Have Changed

3 Change in Response Tactics Response planning tactics used to be to Isolate, Contain and Negotiate with the offender's) Response planning and tactical response now require immediately entry and immediate engagement by the first responding officers on the scene

4 A Different Type of Risk CNN.com Prior shootings indicate there is an unacceptable high risk and probability that an attackers primary intention is to cause as much physical and mental harm to as many as possible in a short amount of time The assailant must be neutralized as soon as possible Time is of the essence

5 Attacks on Baltimore City 1976 Shooting inside City Hall 2012 Perry Hall School Shooting 2015 Civil Unrest 2015 Riots

6 Emergency Planning Natural and Man Made Events Flash Floods Hurricane Flooding Fires

7 Current Methods of Response Planning Analysis of the Sandy Hook Elementary School Shooting

8 Identifying the Need and Coming up with a Solution Acquire interior imagery of City owned facilities Have the most to date floor plans of city owned facilities Provide a platform for emergency planners and public safety personnel to have access to these images and associated GIS information both in the field, within Police and Fire departments, and the EOC and could be shared with outside resources if necessary Find a cost effective solution that can integrate these needs

9 Pictometry s Critical 360 Solution Pictometry International developed a solution they called Critical 360 Their solution provides users a 360 degree view of the inside of buildings Images are viewed within Pictometry s Oblique Imagery warehouse application either on the desktop or through Pictometry Online Floor plans drawings can be viewed within the application as well as additional GIS information

10 Image Capture Areas Offices Closet Spaces Hallways Utility Areas Stair Wells Hazardous Materials Storage Rooms Roofs Basements Entrance and Egress Points

11 Places of Interest All City owned facilities School buildings Recreation Centers Tier I and Tier II Locations

12 Critical 360 Applications In black out conditions firefighters can see how to get through the building. Responders can locate and/or identify any potentially hazardous materials stored in a location. Responders can identify entry and exit points and hiding places before entering the location Police/SWAT teams can plan out sniper locations

13 Critical 360 Applications Having images of utility installation during construction Real estate purposes Providing virtual tours of buildings Identifying office resources

14 Six Stages of Critical 360 Acquire the building footprints and have them geo-referenced and digitized within ArcGIS Capture the images Stitch and Edit images Link Images Create the point shape-file of the camera points Integrate with Pictometry Self Hosted POL/Server Edition with Electronic Field Study

15 The Camera It is a digital camera that uses a 185 degree fish eye lens A tri-pod and carrying case is included There is a push button setting for image capture

16 Gathering & Uploading Images Printed floor plans are needed so that the field agents can mark picture location Field agents also need the Scene Collection Worksheet to keep track of image location and numbers A level area is needed for the shots and so field agents would place a level on the camera at each capture point

17 Gathering & Uploading Images The location needs to be clear of residents Images are transferred to the computer through the USB cable Images are renamed based upon their location within the building

18 Stitching Images Interactive Studio turns the raw camera images into scenes used for viewing a 360 degree rotation of a room The 2 images taken in each space need to be linked for easy navigation throughout a building

19 Linking Images Linking the images involves finding the points in each image to correspond with the other images within that space or building. Links are named according to the direction of travel and the room name

20 Digitizing and Geo-Referencing Floor Plans Existing floor plans needed to be updated by architects Floor plans were in CAD format Brought into ArcGIS to convert into polygon features Attributes were created for each polygon to capture: City building ID Address Building Name Room Name Block Lot ID

21 Floor Plan Digitization and Referencing

22 Building Polygon Attribute Table

23 Creating Point Files of IPIX Camera Shot Locations Using ArcCatalog and ArcMap, develop a point shapefile representing image capture locations. Used to access the images Fields were added to the attribute table to help identify the location of the image and for the image path itself The path and image are merged to create a valid executable path Point files need to be created for each individual floor within the building

24 Point File Attribution

25 Putting Everything Together The point files and floor plan features were loaded into Pictometry Online application

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27 Bumps in the Road The original staff member trained for this project left the City There have been issues with Java compatibility Camera orientation best practices did not always result in the best picture and could at times be disorienting resulting in having to revisit location to capture new images Some roof shots required dangerous maneuvering

28 Lessons Learned Not all of the floor plans were current, requiring architects to visit the building prior and make any necessary edits The building floor plans need to be polygons and not polylines Gaining access to buildings during work hours has been difficult as the room needs to be clear of people The need to figure out how to name rooms in a consistent manner

29 Questions? Samantha Luckhardt GIS Supervisor, City of Baltimore