Atmospheric Perspective (Aerial Perspective) Quality of the atmosphere between viewer and objects changes the appearance of objects.

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1 Light and Color

2 Atmospheric Perspective (Aerial Perspective) Quality of the atmosphere between viewer and objects changes the appearance of objects.

3 Foreground = clarity, precision, contrast Background = objects appear less distinct, somewhat blue, and there is less contrast to the object. Very important for landscape painters. Define space without lines, buildings, or people. Spiritual reality for artists such as Turner and Rembrandt

4 Leonardo Da Vinci, Virgin of the Rocks

5 Themistokles von Eckenbrecher, View of Laerdalsoren, on the Sognefjord, 1901

6 J. M. W Turner, Rain, Steam, and Speed The Great Western Railway, 1844

7 Chiaroscuro Chiaro = Light Oscuro = Dark Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and her Maidservant,

8 Modeling = the 2-dimensional depiction of light falling across a curved or rounded surface. Highlight = Direct reflection of light source on an object (white) Cast Shadow = Darkest area in modeling, the shadow cast by the lit object (black) Tenebrism = Murky; in painting and drawing, large areas of black that contrast with smaller brightly lit areas or objects used to draw attention and heighten drama of a scene

9 The Incredulity of Saint Thomas, Caravaggio, ; Oil on canvas, 42 1/8 x 57 1/2

10 Hatching = Closely spaced parallel lines: hatches Cross-Hatching = Multiples sets of hatches that intersect to create more depth and volume in a piece. Lines create shaded areas: linear methods of modeling. Lines create volume: they are contour lines.

11 Contrast = Difference between light and dark in an image More contrast = more DRAMA Chiaroscuro in a nutshell. Shirin Neshat, Fervor,

12 Firm Noir: American crime movie from the 1950s Scene from The Big Combo, 1955

13 Value = The relative level of lightness or darkness of an area or object. Grayscale and colors. Tint = Add white to the basic color Shade = Add black to the basic color Tint Red Shade

14 Color Primary Colors = Red, Yellow, and Blue Secondary Colors = Orange, Green, and Violet Intermediate Colors = mixture of a primary color and a secondary color Intensity (Saturation) = the brightness or dullness of a color

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16 Paints and Inks Rembrandt Van Rijn, Sef Portrait, Paints (pigments) reflect colored light All painting, drawing, etc When you combine pigments together, the reflected colored light gets LESS intense, hence it is subtractive Black = all the pigments: dark and muddy, the absence of reflected colored light White = no pigment

17 Colored Light Light installation, television, digital art When you combine different colored light together, the reflected colored light get MORE intense, hence it is additive White light = the presence of all the colors Black = no light Dan Flavin, Untitled, 1977

18 Red, Yellow, and Blue

19 Analogous colors scheme = group of colors, made up of colors next to each other on the color wheel (ex: red and orange) Complimentary color scheme = group of colors, made up of colors on opposite end of the color wheel (ex: red and green)

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21 Visual Tricks Colors can be organized by color temperature (warm and cool) temperature can effect feeling in a piece Simultaneous Contrast = complimentary colors placed next to each other in a composition our eyes can only see one at a time The greyish pop of Gerhard Richter s 256 Farben shows how sensitive our retina is to colors

22 Gerhard Richter s 256 Farben

23 Monochromatic = palette limited to a single color Brice Marden, The Dylan Painting,

24 Polychromatic = many colors in a palette Charles Searles, Filas for Sale, 1972

25 Local color = the color of objects viewed close up in even lighting conditions. The color we know Andy Warhol, The Velvet Underground and Niko, 1967

26 Perceptual color = the color we perceive depending on atmospheric perspective Themistokles von Eckenbrecher, View of Laerdalsoren, on the Sognefjord, 1901

27 Arbitrary color = Expressive use of color that often defies local or perceptual color truth. (NOT unplanned or random. Very intentional) Pierre Bonnard, The Terrace at Vernon,

28 Symbolic Color = Meaning of the color is often specific to a culture and can change from culture to culture Igbo Funerary Cloth, Nigeria

Value. Black and White are NOT colors! Black, white, and gray make up a spectrum of tones or values that we use to describe art.

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