The elements of art are basic visual symbols in the language of art. These include line, value, shape, space, color, and texture.

Transcription

1 Art 1 Final Review

2 The elements of art are basic visual symbols in the language of art. These include line, value, shape, space, color, and texture.

3 The principles of design are the rules that govern how artists organize the elements of art. These include unity, harmony, emphasis, balance, variety, proportion, movement, and rhythm.

4 Composition is the way the principles of design are used to organize the elements of art. Content is the message a work of art communicates. Subject is an image that viewers can easily identify in an artwork. Medium is the material or materials used to make an artwork. Hans Holbein, Anne of Cleves, c. 1539, oil and tempera on parchment mounted on canvas

5 Picture Plane is the flat, two-dimensional surface of a painting or drawing.

6 Format refers to the surface area on which an artist creates a work of art. It is the shape of the picture plane.

7 Line is the element of art that is the path of a moving point through space.

8 Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Equestrian Sketches c Gesture is a quick drawing to capture action or a general shape of an object.

9 Implied Line is a series of points that the viewer s eyes automatically connect. Abrasha Hannukkah Menorah 1995

10 Contour Line is an edge as you perceive it. This represents the edges and line detail of a subject. Portrait of Igor Stravinsky by Pablo Picasso

11 Blind contour drawing means that you look at the subject while you re drawing but NEVER at the paper 100% of your time is spent looking at the drawing subject.

12 Modified Contour drawing means that you may glance at the drawing 10% of the time but keep your eye on the subject about 90% of the time. Lily by Ellsworth Kelly

13 Le Grande vitesse (maquette) Alexander Calder Space is the element of art that refers to the emptiness or area between, around, above, below, or within objects.

14 Positive Space refers to objects [subjects] in a composition Negative Space is the area between two or more objects in a work of art. La Gerbe by Henri Matisse Pendour by Barbara Hepworth

15 Rhythm is the principle of art that indicates movement by the repetition of elements. Motifs are repeated in a variety of ways to create different rhythms. Great Wave of f of Kanagawa Hokusai 1832

16 Flowing: Created by repeating wavy lines Progressive: Random: Alternating: Regular: There is a change in the motif each time it is repeated A motif is repeated in no apparent order, with no regular space A second motif is introduced, the placement of the motif is changed, or the space between motifs is changed Identical motifs and equal amounts of space between them

17 Motif is a unit that is repeated in visual rhythm Campbell s Soup Cans Andy Warhol 1962

18 Module is a three-dimensional motif Elevator Grille Louis Sullivan

19 Visual Movement is the principle of art that creates the look and feeling of action and guides the viewer s eyes.

20 Balance is the principle of art concerned with equalizing visual forces or elements in an artwork.

21 Central Axis is a dividing line that works like a point of balance in a balance scale.

22 Formal Balance is when equal or very similar elements are placed on either side of a central axis. Symmetry is when two halves of a balanced composition are identical, mirror images of each other. Cow s Skull by Georgia O Keeffe

23 Approximate symmetry has the stability of symmetry with slight differences, the two sides do not match perfectly. The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck

24 Radial balance is a complicated version of symmetry where elements radiate from a central point.

25 First Row Orchestra by Edward Hopper Informal Balance is the balance of unlike objects [asymmetry]

26 Size: A large shape appears heavier than a small one Contour: An object with a complicated contour is more interesting and appears to be heavier than one with a simple contour Color: A high-intensity color has more visual weight than a dull, lowintensity color Value: The stronger contrast between the object and the background, the more weight the object has Texture: A rough texture attracts the viewer s eye more easily than a smooth, even surface Position: A large object closer to the dominant area can be balanced by a smaller object placed farther away Many visual weight factors influence Informal Balance. Christina s World by Andrew Wyeth

27 Value is the element of art that describes the lightness or darkness of an object

28 Chiaroscuro is an Italian term from the Renaissance. It refers to the arrangement of light and shadow as the six categories of light fall on an object. Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi

29 Shape is the element of art that describes twodimensional areas defined in some way Geometric shapes are precise, and can be described using mathematical formulas. Dot Painting Damien Hirst

30 Free-form shapes are irregular and uneven, having curved or angular outlines. La Gerbe by Henri Matisse

31 Form describes objects that have three dimensions Tea Infuser and Strainer Marianne Brandt

32 Color is the element of art that is derived from reflected light. The Color Wheel is created when the color spectrum is bent into a circle. A Hue is the name of a spectral color such as red, yellow, or blue

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34 Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue

35 Secondary Colors are created by mixing two primary colors red and blue = violet blue and yellow = green red and yellow = orange

36 Intermediate colors are created by mixing a primary with a secondary, and therefore have two names: red orange blue violet etc. The primary colors is always listed first Also referred to as tertiary colors

37 Warm colors are red, yellow, and orange Cantera Ostermundingen by Paul Klee

38 Above the Trees by Emily Carr Cool colors are blue, violet, and green

39 Complementary color harmony refers to combinations of colors that sit opposite from each other on the color wheel They produce the strongest contrast when placed side by side, but the hue is dulled when mixed. San Giorgio Maggiore at Dusk by Claude Monet

40 Only One by Georgia O Keeffe Split complementary colors refer to the combination of a hue with the colors on either side of its complement

41 Relational Painting #88 by Fritz Glarner Triadic color harmony refers to groups of three colors that are equally spaced on the color wheel

42 Analogous colors refer to colors that sit side by side on the color wheel and share a hue Also referred to as neighboring colors Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh

43 Monochromatic harmony is one color and the tints and shades of that color The Tragedy by Pablo Picasso

44 Self Portrait by Vincent van Gogh Tonality is when the overall effect of a work is one color. This color dominates the composition though other colors are used. This has a unifying effect.

45 Color Value Shade- refers to a dark value of a hue Tint- refers to a light value of a hue

46 Still Life with Apples by Paul Cezanne Optical Color is used to capture a color as it actually appears.

47 Arbitrary Color is used to express meaning or is chosen based on personal preference. The Large Blue Horses Franz Marc

48 Texture is the element of art that refers to how a surface feels or looks as if it might feel

49 Ready to Roll by Peggy Flora Zalucha Simulated Texture is a careful and detailed copy of an actual texture

50 Invented Texture is a repetition of a mark used to imply a texture The Rock of Montmajour with Pine Trees by Vincent van Gogh

51 Stippling uses dots to create value. Hatching uses sets of parallel lines to create value. Cross Hatching uses at least two sets of parallel lines the overlap one another to create value. Scribble Gesture uses loose, circular marks to create value.

52 Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh detail

53 Perspective is the graphic system that creates the illusion of depth and volume on a two-dimensional surface. Linear perspective is based on converging lines, when parallel lines seem to move closer together as they move toward the horizon line.

54 Many perspective techniques help create the illusion of depth. Size: The smaller the object, the farther away it appears. Placement: Objects low on the picture plan seem closer to the viewer than those near eye level. Detail: Objects with clear, sharp outlines seem closer while hazy outlines seem farther away. Overlapping: When one object covers part of a second object, the first seems closer to the viewer. Color: Atmospheric perspective makes brightly colored objects seem closer than dull, light colors. The Adoration of the Magi by Sandro Botticelli

55 Foreground refers to the part of a drawing or painting that appears closest to the viewer Bedroom at Arles by Vincent van Gogh

56 Background refers to the part of a picture plane that appears farthest from us

57 Middle ground refers to the space between the foreground and background

58 Horizon line refers to the eye level line in a perspective drawing, where the sky meets the earth.

59 One point perspective drawings have one vanishing point where all converging lines meet

60 Two point perspective uses two vanishing points where different sets of parallel lines converge

61 Viewpoint, or point of view, is the angle from which you see an object.

62 Objects on the horizon line are at eye level. Objects above the horizon line are in worm s eye view. Objects below the horizon line are in bird s eye view.

63 Rene Magritte was a Surrealist artist from Belgium. He did not start painting until the age of 40, working as a wallpaper designer before that. He often includes himself as subject in his work. Surrealism was an art movement which followed World War I. Surrealists rebelled against conventional values and based their work on memories, feelings, or dreams. They worked with psychology and fantastic visual techniques.

64 Juxtaposition is the joining together of two images in impossible combinations L éclair

65 Dislocation is taking an object from its usual environment and placing it in an unfamiliar one. Time Transfixed 1938

66 Transformation concerns changing objects in front of our eyes The Red Model 1935

67 Levitation takes objects that do not normally defy gravity and makes them float Giaconda 1953

68 Scale works in changing the relative size of an object Night in Pisa 1953

69 Georgia O Keeffe was an American artist who became famous for her enlarged paintings of flowers. O Keeffe painted flowers large so as to draw her audience s attention to a familiar subject. She was married to photographer Alfred Stieglitz who first exhibited her work in his New York gallery. O Keeffe began in a realistic style but eventually worked in abstraction. After moving to New Mexico, she painted many desert landscapes, found animal bones, and Southwestern architecture.

70 Red Poppy Lillies

71 Black Mesa Landscape 1930 Cow s Skull 1931