UBT128X Colour theory

Transcription

1 UBT128X Colour theory Unit reference number: L/507/5481 Level: 3 Guided Learning (GL) hours: 25 Overview This unit is about exploring the concepts and theories of colour. Learners will develop the knowledge and understanding of the history and theories of colour and its practical applications. Learning outcomes On completion of this unit learners will: LO1 Understand the concept of colour LO2 Understand colour theory Version 6 1

2 Assessment requirements Learners must complete the assessment requirements related to this unit. Learners must produce a portfolio of evidence which contains assessed evidence covering all the assessment criteria in this unit. 2

3 Unit content LO1 Understand the concept of colour Describe the history of colour: Initially colour was considered to be a mixture of light and darkness and that a prism coloured the light Ibn al-haytham (c. 965 c.1040) Witelo (c.1230 c.1314) light as forms Bacon (c.1214 c.1292) Grossetes (c ) Keplar ( ) light as species René Descartes ( ) - light was a mechanical property Robert Hooke ( ) believed in the light and darkness theory of colour and developed a scale that went from brilliant red (which was pure white light with the least amount of darkness added), to dull blue the last step before black, which was the complete extinction of light by darkness. Newton realised this theory was false and developed a "pulse theory" comparing the spreading of light to that of waves in water Isaac Newton ( ) debunked Hooke s theory, discovering that light alone created colour. Newton is credited with being the first to understand the rainbow, and by experimentation discovered that to refract white light with a prism resolves it into its component colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ( ) incorrectly questioned Newton s ideas and theorised that what we see of an object depends upon the object, the lighting and our perception Define electromagnetic waves and light: Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The word usually refers to visible light, which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having a wavelength in the range of 400 nanometres, or m to 700 nanometres between the infrared and the ultraviolet. Often infrared and ultraviolet are also called light Define the visible light spectrum: The word spectrum was first used scientifically within the field of optics to describe the rainbow of colours in visible light when separated using a prism. As scientific understanding of light advanced it came to apply to the entire electromagnetic spectrum List colors of the visible light spectrum: Colour Wavelength interval Frequency interval Red ~ nm ~ THz Orange ~ nm ~ THz Yellow ~ nm ~ THz Green ~ nm ~ THz Cyan ~ nm ~ THz Blue ~ nm ~ THz Violet ~ nm ~ THz 3

4 LO2 Understand colour theory Define colour: The property possessed by an object producing different sensations on the eye as a result of how it reflects or emits light Newton s discoveries led to the traditional definition of colour the property possessed by an object producing different sensations on the eye as a result of how it reflects or emits light Additive colour is colour created by mixing a number of different light colours with red, green and blue being the primary colours normally used in the additive colour system Subtractive colour - in which colours are created by subtracting (absorbing) parts of the spectrum of light present in ordinary white light by means of coloured pigments or dyes, such as those in paints, inks, and the three dye layers in typical colour photographs on film Pigment a dry insoluble substance, usually pulverized, which when suspended in a liquid vehicle becomes a paint, ink, etc Hue is a main property of colour, called Colour Appearance Parameters, which is shown through six different hues, such as you would see in a rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet). In painting colour theory a hue refers to a pure colour, without shade or tint. The colour appearance parameters are chroma, saturation, lightness, brightness and colourfulness - Chroma purity of the colour relative to the brightness or another colour that appears under similar viewing conditions - Saturation the colourfulness of a colour in relation to its own brightness - Lightness better known as value or tone, which represents the variation in the perception of a colour s brightness - Brightness a visual perception in which something appears to be radiating or reflecting light - Colourfulness the degree of difference between a colour and grey Describe how colour is classified: Primary colours these colours are considered to be foundation colours because they are used to create all other colours. In theory all colours can be mixed from these three after secondary colours are made - Red, Blue and Yellow Two primary colours create secondary colours: by combining two of the primary colours, three secondary colours are formed. For example, when you mix red with yellow, you will get an orange colour. The Secondary colours are: orange, green and purple - Red + Yellow = Orange - Red + Blue = Purple - Blue + Yellow = Green Tertiary colour or quaternary colours also referred to as intermediate colours are colours which are made by an equal mixture of primary colours with adjacent secondary colours (such as yellow - orange, orange red, red - violet, violet blue, blue - green) or by mixing two secondary colours Explain the application of a colour wheel: Newton s invention of the colour wheel artists were fascinated by Newton s clear demonstration that light alone was responsible for colour. His most useful idea for artists was his conceptual arrangement of colours around the circumference of a circle which allowed the painters primaries (red, yellow, blue) to be arranged opposite their complementary colours (e.g. red opposite green), as a way of denoting that each complementary would enhance the other s effect through optical contrast. 4

5 This circular diagram became the model for many colour systems of the 18th and 19th centuries. Claude Boutet s painter s circle of 1708 was probably the first to be based on Newton s circle The colour wheel is arranged: - Warm colours are colours on the red side of the wheel. These are red and include orange, yellow, browns and tans - Cool colours are colours on the blue side of the wheel. These are blue and include green, violet and most greys - Black, white and grey are called neutral colours - On the colour wheel, colours that are next to each other are known as harmonious - Complementary colours are opposites on the colour wheel, these create a contrasting effect (analogous colour) 5

6 The colour wheel can be divided into warm and cool colours. Understanding the differences of warm and cool colours will help to better select foundation and concealers, colour matching on different colour skin tones Warm colour are bright, passionate and energetic and tend to be eye-popping colours Warm colours include red, orange, and yellow and variations of those three colours (As listed through a colour wheel) Colour Colour classification Yellow Primary Yellow - orange Tertiary Orange Orange - red Red Red- violet Secondary Tertiary Primary Tertiary Cool colours give an impression of calm and creates a soothing impression. Cool colours include: violet, blue and green Colour Violet Violet blue Blue Blue green Green Colour classification Secondary Tertiary Primary Tertiary Secondary Green- yellow Tertiary Explain colour harmony: Harmony can be defined as a pleasing arrangement of parts, whether it is music, poetry, colour, or even an ice cream sundae In visual experiences, harmony is something that is pleasing to the eye. It engages the viewer and it creates an inner sense of order, a balance in the visual experience. When something is not harmonious, it's either boring or chaotic. At one extreme is a visual experience that is so bland that the viewer is not engaged. The human brain will reject under-stimulating information. At the other extreme is a visual experience that is so overdone, so chaotic, that the viewer can't stand to look at it. The human brain rejects what it cannot organise, what it cannot understand. The visual task requires that we present a logical structure. Colour harmony delivers visual interest and a sense of order In summary, extreme unity leads to under-stimulation, extreme complexity leads to overstimulation. Harmony is a dynamic equilibrium 6

7 Some formulas for Colour Harmony there are many theories for harmony. The following illustrations and descriptions present some basic formulas A colour scheme based on analogous colours: - Analogous colours are any three colours that are side by side on a 12-part colour wheel such as yellow-green, yellow, and yellow-orange. Usually one of the three colours predominates A colour scheme based on complementary colours: - Complementary colours are any two colours, which are directly opposite each other such as red and green and red-purple and yellow-green. These opposing colours create maximum contrast and maximum stability 7

8 Assessment criteria In order to pass this unit, learners must achieve all pass criteria. The pass criteria relate to the proficient demonstration of skills and knowledge. Learning outcome The learner must: LO1 Understand the concept of colour Pass The learner can: P1 Describe the history of colour P2 Define electromagnetic waves and light P3 Define the visible light spectrum P4 List colours of the visible light spectrum LO2 Understand colour theory P5 Define colour P6 Describe how colour is classified P7 Explain the application of a colour wheel P8 Explain colour harmony 8

9 Resources The special resources required for this unit are access to the internet, text books, teaching and research material relevant for the delivery of colour theory. Delivery guidance Teachers are encouraged to use innovative, practical and engaging delivery methods to enhance the learning experience. Learners may benefit from: Using interactive information and technology, systems and hardware so they can learn about concepts and theories, research current trends, research product knowledge and produce visual aids for colour theory Links with other units This unit is closely linked with the following units: UBT94X Visual arts concept The visual arts concept unit will allow learners to have a greater understanding of the range and classifications, history and composite elements of visual arts. This unit will develop the learner s underpinning knowledge of the concept of visual arts as well as broaden their scope of artistic understanding. When studied with colour theory the learners will develop a much broader understanding of the concepts of art UBT126M Media make-up The colour theory unit greatly underpins the media make-up unit. Understanding the concepts of colour, how colour is achieved, portrayed and perceived will enable the learners to develop their media make-up skills when mixing, designing and applying make-up to achieve a special or specific effect. UBT118M Photographic make-up The colour theory unit greatly underpins the photographic make-up unit. Understanding the concepts of colour, how colour is achieved, how light, hue and pigment affect the final look and perception of an application, will assist the learner in developing application techniques that fully understand the influence photography has on a finished look. UBT155M Cosmetic camouflage The colour theory unit greatly underpins the cosmetic camouflage unit. By understanding the concepts of colour and the colour wheel, how colour is classified and mixed to achieve secondary and tertiary colours, how colours contrast and harmonise and the effects and benefits of analogous colours, the learner will have a greater understanding of cosmetic mixing and application to achieve a camouflage effect. 9