BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure December BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure

Transcription

1 BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure December 2016 /LOSK BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure REV. DATE DESCRIPTION/CHANGES PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY 0 Jan 2015 First edition incl. comments from D&E LOSK DWP POL 1 Dec 2016 Release to external parties, general corrections LOSK DWP POL 2 3 MT Højgaard A/S Knud Højgaards Vej Søborg mth.dk CVR

2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. BIM processes Roles Effective data flow Common Data Environment BIM as CAD production basis Template Reference points Coordinate system/elevation systems Revision documentation Structuring BIM Models Type models Folder structure Reference systems Naming of BIM Models Naming of objects Model list Levels of development Subscription tools Geotechnical Module BIM Models on the construction site Fix points Site model Excavation Data extracts from BIM Models Drawing production Quantity takeoffs Export from Revit to AutoCAD Civil 3D Quality control of BIM Models Approved Authorised Verified Exchange Machine control and surveying Formats Lists List of abbreviations List of formats List of Softwares Appendices Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE) Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models Appendix 4 Naming of objects 57 Page 2 of 57

3 1. Introduction This Manual describes building information modeling (BIM) processes and tools for MT Højgaard s (MTH) earthworks and road projects. AutoCAD Civil 3D and the associated processes and tools form the backbone of building information modeling (BIM). Over the past years, BIM has been used on more and more projects. For instance, BIM and machine control are often used for excavation models for foundations and pipework. This emphasises the importance of this Manual. You do not need to read the Manual from start to finish. Below you can see the intended addressees of the different sections: Chapter 2 describes BIM processes and roles. This chapter is relevant for all parties involved in civil works and infrastructure projects. Chapters 3-8 describe AutoCAD Civil 3D procedures and are therefore relevant for AutoCAD Civil 3D users. The chapters require a basic knowledge of AutoCAD Civil 3D and are not a software manual. Use this Manual in your daily work and make sure that you always use the right naming and object for the task you perform. Appendices 1-3 provide detailed descriptions of various processes. Read them if necessary. The document refers to these descriptions where relevant. Appendix 4 contains all naming tables of objects from section 4.5. If you have any questions, comments or input to the BIM Manual, please write to vdc@mth.dk. In the document, file formats will be abbreviated using a full stop and three lower-case letters such as.pdf for a digital plot in the Adobe format. We use upper-case letters for abbreviations. For instance, GPS is an abbreviation of Global Positioning System. At the very back of the document, there is a list of abbreviations, formats and softwares (see sections 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3). Page 3 of 57

4 2. BIM processes A building information model is not just one model. It generally contains a lot of references, objects, property data and history. The processes through to a finished BIM Model may involve different paths, and the end result may have a multitude of appearances. Figure 1 illustrates this complexity where information merges and is presented and used in different ways. (See section 4.1 for an overview of the various types of models shown in the figure). Chapter 2 describes how and why BIM processes in MTH are performed in the same way because it results in: A more comprehensive overview of the project More accurate BIM Models Fewer errors in the design basis Figure 1: BIM processes. Source: Supplement to the bips CAD Manual Sections 2.2 and 2.3 provide a more detailed description of BIM processes. See also Appendix 1 for specification of Effective Data Flow and Appendix 2 for an example of a BIM Model s journey through the Common Data Environment. But first the BIM roles must be in place. Page 4 of 57

5 2.1 Roles Table 1 below describes BIM roles on earthworks and road projects. It is possible for one person to have several roles. The roles will apply throughout the Manual. Roles BIM Coordinator BIM Manager Designer Design Engineer Approver Model secretary Description Coordinator of the BIM work. Each firm appoints one or more BIM Coordinator(s) Manager of the different BIM Coordinators The designer creating the BIM-model Designer with design responsibility In most cases a project or design manager A person keeping an eye on the client s project web and Shared. When there are new files, the Model Secretary will notify the project team. Table 1: Roles 2.2 Effective data flow The effective data flow (Figure 2) describes how to effectively exchange data between different tools throughout the construction process. The appendix provides a general description of the tools as the processes can be carried out using Autodesk as well as Bentley tools. The effective data flow supports effective BIM collaboration on the project if the right tools and competencies are available and can be used for all types of civil works and infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels and land developments. The effective data flow enables the reuse of data from process to process on the individual project. The reuse of data reduces errors and workload. Page 5 of 57

6 Figure 2: Effective data flow. The top of Figure 2 shows two types of modeling tools: a Preliminary project tool (1) and a Design tool (2), and the bottom of Figure 2 describes the possibilities of further processing the BIM Models in other tools (3-6). The arrows between the tools indicate data flow directions. Active interaction between the tools in all phases of the project adds tremendous value as the tools contain different design and analysis options, and the tools allows for easy exchange of information/data. The different types of tools and processes are described in further detail below. Tools 1. Preliminary project tool The Preliminary project tool makes it possible to create conceptual designs of different solutions and to present processes and solutions. The tool is intended to support the design and visualisation processes in the Design tool (2) to facilitate easy interchange of data between these two tools, without any loss of data. The tool must be able to import a large number of file formats to build the conceptual design. Likewise, the tool must be able to import existing data such terrain, buildings, roads and pipes. The tool must also include a BIM Model analysis option such as roadway curves, analyses of visibility from cars, profile optimisation and shade conditions. The tool may also include an option to develop conceptual designs of bridges, roads and drainage systems which can be processed in detail in ancillary Design tools (2). As an example of Preliminary project tools are Autodesk InfraWorks 360 or Esri CityEngine, which both can import most file formats and perform various analyses. Page 6 of 57

7 2. Design tool The Design tool should allow for detailed design and optimisation of Alignments, Profiles, road structures, excavations, surfacing, etc. The tool must be able to automatically generate quantity takeoffs, cross sections as well as plan and profile views so that products such as quantities and drawing production need no longer be made manually. Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D, Trimble Tekla Structures and Bentley Microstation Inroads are examples of Design tools in civil works and infrastructure projects. 3. Production planning Production planning includes various project and process planning initiatives, including: Site model Visualisation of critical processes/building components Materials and logistics optimisation By planning the execution the construction works from start to finish already in the design phase, most challenges are taken into account before the first turf is cut. This will, for instance, minimise unforeseen costs and production stoppage and reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions and ultimately shorten construction time. Autodesk Navisworks and InfraWorks are also examples of tools that can be used for production planning in civil works and infrastructure projects. 4. BIM detailed project planning The Design tools (2) are used for detailed design in BIM. 5. Earthworks optimisation For earthworks optimisation, we use a location-based project management tool that can handle soil quantities and which supports planning and management of large linear civil works and infrastructure projects such as roads or railways as well as, for instance, mass optimisation. Dynaroad is an example of a state-of-the-art tool designed specifically for the planning and management of large linear civil works and infrastructure projects. 6. Machine control and surveying Building information models are used for machine control and surveying. BIM Models from the Design tools (2) can be entered in machine control and surveying equipment to enable the crew to stake out reference points, grade and begin excavation directly. The work performed can also be measured automatically for control and as-built documentation. The Leica icon system is an example of a tool for both machine control and surveying. To inquire about a trial period, contact Leica Geosystems in Denmark (leicageosystems.dk). Data flows a. From Preliminary project tool (1) to Design tool (2) and vice versa. Central and crucial to effective data flow is the exchange of data between Preliminary project tools (1) and Design tools (2). It is therefore essential that the two tools interact well enough to avoid any loss of data during the exchange. Below follows an example of a procedure between these two tools: In the project start-up phase, the existing conditions will be imported into the Preliminary project tool (1) to generate a conceptual design. The conceptual design Page 7 of 57

8 could for instance consist of a bridge (see Figure 3a). The conceptual design, including existing conditions, will then be exported to the Design tool (2) to detail the design (see Figure 3b). In the course of the design phase or after the end of the design, information on the project can be gathered in the Preliminary project tool (1) for a visualisation of the designed project (see Figure 3c). a b c Figure 3: Relationship between Design tool and Preliminary project tool. b. From Preliminary project tool (1) and Design tool (2) to production planning (3). Production planning is a broad concept when it comes to tools and processes. The starting point of this document is planning based on a site model, visualisation of critical processes/building components and materials and logistics optimisation. b1. Site model Site models are BIM Models of the construction project with existing surroundings, build in the Preliminary project tool (1) or the Design tool (2) and using building site objects (e.g. cranes, containers, signs, etc.). The site model gives a good overview of the construction period and makes it possible, among other things, to identify any space and logistics problems in the design phase and to minimise relocation of functions at the site because all factors have been considered from the outset. The site model must be updated as the project progresses. Figure 4 shows an example of a site model. The model includes site accommodation, car parking, excavation, materials store, fences, interim roads, etc. Figure 4: Site model. Page 8 of 57

9 b2. Visualisation of critical processes/building components The Preliminary project tool (1) is used for visualisation of critical processes, e.g. crane lifting, fencing, interim measures, health and safety and scaffolding. It may also be useful to visualise carriage roads etc. if there is little space around the site. Visualisations make it possible to think the critical process/building component through and to find a useful and tested solution. b3. Materials and logistics optimisation A location-based project management tool (5) is used for materials and logistics optimisation. See the next section (d) for more details. c. From Preliminary project tool (1) to Design tool (2) to BIM detailed design (4). The preliminary designs in the Preliminary project tool (1) are exported to the Design tool (2) for detailed planning. The same BIM Model is used in the preliminary design and the detailed planning phase. This is to ensure that the same geometry is used and that the design is well-coordinated. Below is an example of a detailed design of a bridge component. The component is exported from the Preliminary project tool (1) to the Design tool (2) where the geometry is updated and 3D reinforcement models are produced. Figure 5: BIM detailed design of bridge component. d. From Design tool (2) to location-based planning tool (5) and vice versa. Calculated earth quantities from the Design tool (2) are imported in the location-based planning tool (5) from Excel. The quantities in Excel are generated in the Design tool (2), in which they are analysed and segmented according to application categories. On that basis, the location-based planning tool (5) calculates haul distances and thereby visualises areas where the design could benefit from vertical changes to the Alignment or other changes (see Figure 5). If possible, the design will be adjusted in the Design tool (2) on the basis of the calculations in the location-based planning tool (5), and then the quantities will be recalculated and reimported into the location-based planning tool (5). The process runs iteratively until the optimum solution has been found. e. From Design tool (2) to machine control/surveying (6) and vice versa. The design file is imported into the machine control and surveying tools (6) to generate a terrain model, an alignment file and a file containing information on the project's coordinate system. The files can be used for machine control and in a total station (see Figure 6). The systems can also measure in points during performance of work for control and as-built documentation. These Points are exported to the Design tool (2) to check the work performed. Page 9 of 57

10 Figure 6: Display of design on tablets at total station and in machine house. f. Handover Handover may consist of quantities, production drawings, visualisations, parts lists, presentation model, schedule, as-built, etc. 2.3 Common Data Environment When exchanging files, it is important that the structure is transparent and works. There are many example of situations where the project team has lost track of which files are current, which files have been released, etc. The structure shown in Figure 7 (Common Data Environment, CDE) can help overcome these challenges. This structure is based on British Standard PAS :2013, which provides a detailed description of the work processes involved in this structure. The most important elements are described below. Figure 7: Common Data Environment from PAS :2013. Figure 7 shows the journey of a BIM Model from start to publication. Each individual BIM Model will follow its own path from start (Work In Progress) to handover (Published), but a common feature for all BIM Models is that they must all go through the elements shown in the figure one or more times. The Common Data Environment (CDE) involves four model areas and three quality control processes. The quality control processes take place in between the four model areas Work in progress, Shared, Published and Archive. The three different quality control processes Page 10 of 57

11 Approved, Authorised and Verified involve three different quality control methods. The quality control methods are described in further detail in Chapter 8. The CDE processes are described in further detail below. There is also an example of the process in Appendix 1 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE). Work in Progress Each Work in Progress contains BIM Models from a firm or a discipline group such as roads, pipework, pipe lines, bridges, etc. These firms/discipline groups are to exchange BIM Models with each other. What is common to all discipline groups/firms is that they work on internal disk drives. Approved For the BIM Model to be uploadable to Shared, the model must go through a checking, review and approval process. The quality control (QC) must include: Self-checking BIM Model technical QC Lead Engineer QC Approval Shared Once the BIM Model has completed the quality control process Approved, it will be uploaded to Shared. Shared will be a common project web where all Work in Progress parties may upload and download material. The BIM Models may be downloaded from Shared and used directly for reference data in other BIM Models. See section 4.3 for more information about reference data. Authorised For the BIM Model to be uploadable to Published, the model must go through a checking, review and approval process. The control must include: BIM Model technical QC Approval Published Once the BIM Model is Published, it will be released to the client. Verified When the client has approved the BIM Model, it is Verified. Archive For each version of the BIM Model uploaded to Shared and for each publication released to Published, a version of the BIM Model will also be uploaded to Archive. Version and revision numbers will be added as a suffix to the version name. (See section 4.4 for more details). Page 11 of 57

12 3. BIM as CAD production basis 3.1 Template MTH has created an AutoCAD Civil 3D template. The template has been made to ensure that all material provided by MTH looks the same and to ease the lay-out process in AutoCAD Civil 3D. The template name is AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt and can be downloaded from the MTH website (mth.dk). The template will be updated continual to reflect the new version of AutoCAD Civil 3D. The template is originally from the NTI CAD Center where the US template was adjusted to accommodate Danish measurements and language. At MTH, the template has been updated to include MTH s title block, layers from Det Digitale Anlæg (DDA), etc. The DDA layers are based on industry standards which were published in the bips publication C201, Lagstruktur 2005 which has since been updated and extended on an ongoing basis by bentleyuser.dk. The layers will automatically be used in styles including the word [DDA] at the end of the name. The layer structure on the project must be as described in the ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). If the project has no description of the layer structure, then use the DDA layers. The template is set up for the ibb.stb plot style. Please note that it is.stb and not.ctb. Both the NTI CAD center and bentleyuser.dk have approved the release of the template. Templates have also been created for Plan Production with the MTH standard template. Plan Production is an AutoCAD Civil 3D tool automating the process of publishing drawing files with title blocks, etc. To use this functionality, the BIM model must include an Alignment. Plan Production templates are also available for download from the MTH website, mth.dk. See section 7.1 for more details. 3.2 Reference points The reference points (at least two) given in the project must be used. Reference points are important in the project to make sure that the project is positioned correctly. Reference points must be stated in the project s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). 3.3 Coordinate system/elevation systems The coordinate/elevation system specified in the project will be used; this appears from the project s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). Unless otherwise indicated, choose the DKTM and DVR90 systems for Denmark. Use Drawing Settings to select the coordinate and elevation system in AutoCAD Civil 3D (see Figure 8 and Figure 9). Drawing Settings lists all coordinate systems in the world; therefore select Denmark first and then the relevant coordinate and elevation system. This is done to enable the transfer of the BIM Model to other BIM tools. Page 12 of 57

13 Figure 8: Drawing Settings in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Figure 9: Assigning coordinate system in AutoCAD Civil 3D. 3.4 Revision documentation When working with BIM Models, you must use model blocks. If no model block has been assigned by the client, the AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template includes an MTH standard model block. The model block is a block placed in model layout. The top part of the model block describes what the BIM Model contains, who has created the model, etc. (see Figure 10). The lower part of the model block contains the revision log, which shows the changes made to the BIM Model since the latest release. The revision log shows the date, a description of the changes and the names of the person responsible and those who have checked and approved the changes (see Figure 10). In this way, the.dwg file itself provides an Page 13 of 57

14 overview of the changes made to the BIM Model. The model block must always be placed in the GOFF--- layer and close to reference point 1. The legend is to be filled in every time the BIM Model is uploaded to Shared and every time the model is Published (see section 2.3). Figure 10: MTH model block. Page 14 of 57

15 4. Structuring BIM Models 4.1 Type models In BIM Civil Works, different types of BIM Models are referenced into each other to minimise very heavy BIM Models. Below follows a description of the different types of BIM Models and how to use them. Figure 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the different types of models. The text inside the boxes is copied from the Civil Works Addendum to the bips CAD Manual 2008 (Anlægstillæg til bips CAD-manual 2008) with approval from Bentley Users (bentleyusers.dk). The text is translated into English by MTH. The Addendum is available for download on the Internet. Basic discipline data Basic discipline data are data which form the basis of one or more Basic discipline models. Basic discipline data are numeric or alphanumeric information saved in one or more files or databases. Basic discipline data may also include data on the strength and geometry of the structure or the condition and use of an area. All changes in geometry and tracing are made in basic discipline data. The basic discipline-specific data may include: Point files Text files Cross section drawings Basic discipline models Basic discipline models in civil works and infrastructure projects are often based on basic discipline data or prepared manually on the basis of the assumptions of the project. A Basic discipline model from the road engineer may contain station line, road geometry, contour lines, cross sections, markers, etc. A Basic discipline model from the bridge engineer may contain bridge geometry, reinforcement, etc. A Basic discipline model from the geotechnical engineer may be a plan of the location of drillings, longitudinal profiles showing drilling profiles along the alignment, etc. In this model structure, Basic discipline models are generated directly from basic discipline data. Data and plotting data are extracted from the Basic discipline model. Exchange between disciplines. Corresponding to the model file concept previously used, e.g. road geometry, staking out, cable and sewer diagram, longitudinal profile, etc. forms the basis of the drawing production of the discipline. Basic discipline models may include: Corridors Grading Surfaces Drawing files Consist primarily of external references to Basic discipline models, framework, drawing header and, if relevant, text and signature(s). Page 15 of 57

16 Figure 11: Principle of drawing production in a file- and database-based model structure. Source: Civil Works Addendum to the bips CAD Manual (Anlægstillæg til bips CAD-manual 2008) Shared Collections of Basic discipline models which have been cleared, promoted and are ready for release. Below follows a description of the procedure for the first release. 1. The AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template is opened from the template folder(see section 4.2) and saved under a new name (see section 4.4) 2. Insert reference points and fill in the legend (see section 3.1) 3. The relevant objects are Data Shortcut into the model and background files are xref ed (see section 4.3). 4. Objects from Data Shortcuts are promoted, and background files will become binded. 5. After completed quality control (QC), the BIM Model may now be uploaded to Shared. Archive Shared models are also uploaded to the Archive file. The BIM Models will be assigned a revision and version number as a suffix to the file name (see section 4.4). Common model Gathering Basic discipline models in one file in the agreed exchange format. Depending on the context and needs, it is possible to combine Basic discipline models in several different common models. Common models are used for interdisciplinary project review, communication, visualisation and clash detection. Page 16 of 57

17 The models can be joined in the BIM tool Navisworks Manage which also a tool to assure the quality of the BIM Models. To read more about this, see Chapter 8. As-built As-built will mostly come directly from measurement/machine data or 3D laser scanning. 4.2 Folder structure The AutoCAD Civil 3D folder structure is shown in Figure 12. Below follows a description of which files are to be placed in which folders. Figure 12: Folder structure. Archive o Shared BIM Models with correct version and revision numbers (see section 2.3) As-built o Data and BIM Models from surveying measurements made by a surveyor, 3D laser scanning or machine control. Basic discipline data o See section 4.1. CIVIL Corridors o Files with one or more Corridors o Surfaces from Corridors o Cross sections of the Corridor CIVIL SHARED o Files only containing Data Shortcuts of one or more Basic discipline models CIVIL Grading o Files with one or more Gradings o Surfaces from Gradings o Cross sections of Gradings CIVIL Pipe Networks o Files with one or more Pipe Networks o Cross sections of Pipe Networks Page 17 of 57

18 CIVIL Profiles o Alignment o Profile (longitudinal profile) of Alignment and manually drawn profile lines CIVIL Surfaces o Surfaces generated from 3D lines/points/meshes/3d faces etc. Digital plots o Drawing files in.pdf or.dwf format Common model o If relevant, Navisworks file (.nwd) of one or more Basic Discipline Models Reference o CIVIL Data Shortcuts Folders for Data Shortcuts (They will be generated automatically when Data Shortcuts are generated in AutoCAD Civil 3D, see section 4.3) o External references Files used as references for BIM Models Shared o Copy of the Shared folder on project web. The Model Secretary copies and notifies the project team when new files are available. Drawing files o All drawing files in original format (eg.dwg) Template o AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt modified for the project: Coordinate system Model block Layers, if relevant o Production Plans modified for the project. See section 7.1 for more details. Title block Scale Etc. 4.3 Reference systems In AutoCAD Civil 3D there are two types of reference systems - an intelligent system with limited use (Data Shortcut) and an unintelligent system with unlimited use (external reference, x-ref). Data Shortcut Data Shortcut is the intelligent system with limited use. This system must be used where possible. The limited use means that only specific object types can be used: Alignment Surfaces Pipe networks Pressure networks Corridors (new in AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017) View Frame Groups Objects from Basic discipline data and Basic discipline models can be referenced into other Basic discipline models as underlay and data for design. Here you can use but not alter data and the intelligence from the referenced BIM objects. For example, a Data Shortcut of the existing terrain can be used as the data and basis for road design. If the object in the original file changes, the reference (Data Shortcut) will also change in the files it has been shortcut into and that makes it intelligent. Page 18 of 57

19 Figure 13: The Data Shortcut function is found in Toolspace in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Below the Data Shortcut work flow is shown. 1. First the path used to create the Data Shortcut is selected (see Figure 14). The relevant folder is Civil Data Shortcuts (see section 4.2). Figure 14: Setting Working Folder in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Page 19 of 57

20 2. Then the Data Shortcuts can be divided into different disciplines by using the Data Shortcuts Project Folder (see Figure 15). For large civil works and infrastructure projects, it will make the project more manageable. The different folders could be named: o o o o o Earthworks Road project Drainage Cable plan Existing conditions Figure 15: New Data Shortcuts Project Folder in AutoCAD Civil 3D. 3. In the BIM Model containing the desired objects to be linked to the Data Shortcuts, the Data Shortcut references can now be created (see Figure 16). When using Data Shortcuts, it is important that each object is given a unique name as Data Shortcuts from different BIM Models will be placed in the same list of Data Shortcuts. Naming of objects will be described in further detail in section 4.5. Page 20 of 57

21 Figure 16: Creating Data Shortcut in AutoCAD Civil 3D. External reference External references are the unintelligent system with unlimited use, i.e. all object types can be used here. External references are primarily used for the production of drawing files, but can also be used as a basis for Basic discipline models such as a background map. In addition to.dwg files, external references can also refer to images,.dwf,.dgn,.pdf and Point Clouds (see Figure 17). Figure 17: External reference in AutoCAD Civil 3D. 4.4 Naming of BIM Models For naming of BIM Models, see the project s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 2: Digital communication (A102, del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). If the specification does not contain requirements as to the naming of model files, use the current bips standards. It is important that the same BIM Model has the same name for its entire life. Otherwise, the connection to references is lost (see section 4.3). Version and revision When files are uploaded to the Shared folder or when files are released, they will be copied to the Archive folder. The files in the Archive folder will be assigned a version and revision numbers at the end of the file name. Version numbers are used when the BIM Model is uploaded to Shared, and revision numbers are used on release (Published). See examples in Appendix 1 - Example of Common Data Environment (CDE). Page 21 of 57

22 4.5 Naming of objects It is very important to have an identical naming structure on objects in AutoCAD Civil 3D, in particular when using Data Shortcuts. When using the below naming procedure, you will get a consistent naming system for all projects. It is important that the same object has the same name throughout the life of the project. The reason is that objects are referred into other BIM Models. When the object name is changed, the linking to the original file will be cut (see section 4.3). The naming procedure is only necessary for objects which are referred as Data Shortcut and released. For the rest of the objects, it is sufficient to give them appropriate names. In Appendix 4 - Naming of objects, the naming tables have been set up after each other. Print it and keep it for future reference when working with the models. Alignment Alignment is an alignment object in AutoCAD Civil 3D. It is a 2D object describing the horizontal course of an alignment. The Alignment object must be named according to the principle in Figure 18. Figure 18: Naming of Alignments. Example of naming: H_Pr_R_BRIDGE2_Test road Horizontal_Project_Road_BRIDGE2_Test road NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Profile Profile is the longitudinal profile of the Alignment. This is a 2D object describing the vertical course of the Alignment. The Profile must be named according to the principle in Figure 19. Figure 19: Naming of Profiles. Page 22 of 57

23 Example of naming: V_Pr_O_BRIDGE2_Test road Vertical Alignment_Project_Road surface_bridge2_test road NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Assembly An assembly is cross-section data along an Alignment such as a road or a railway. Assemblies must be named according to the principle in Figure 20. Figure 20: Naming of assemblies. Example of naming: A_Pr_R_0-20_Test road Assembly_Project_Road_Stationing 0-20_Test road NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Corridor A corridor is a 3D model containing Alignments, Profiles and Assemblies. Corridor models are usually created for road or railway projects. Corridors must be named according to the principle in Figure 21. Figure 21: Naming of Corridors. Example of naming: C_Pr_R_0-20_Test road Corridor_Project_Road_Stationing 0-20_Test road NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Page 23 of 57

24 Grading Gradings are excavation/levelling/embankment construction objects where you draw a Feature line and then add grading from the Feature line to a given Surface. Gradings must be named according to the principle in Figure 22. Figure 22: Naming of grading. Example of naming: G_Pr_V_Embankment2_Test embankment Grading_Project_Embankment_Embankment2_Test embankment NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Surface Surface is a surface model. It can be created from 3D lines, Points, 3D faces, etc. A Surface will often be: Existing terrain Surfaces from Corridor Surfaces from Gradings From measured Points Pasted Surfaces (Two or more Surfaces combined in one Surface). Surfaces must be named according to the principle in Figure 23. Figure 23 Naming of Surfaces. Example of naming: S_Pr_C_P_0-20_Test road Surface_Project_Surface from Corridor_Datum_Stationing 0-20_Test road NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Page 24 of 57

25 Point group Points groups are filters that bundle together your Points into manageable pieces. The pieces may be: Measured Points from the lower edge of a foundation Soil pile Pipeline excavations Point groups must be named according to the principle in Figure 24. Figure 24: Naming of Point groups. Example of naming: PG_I_J_40_Soil Pile1 Point Group_Measured Points_Soil pile_stationing 40_Soil pile 1 NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Pipe network Pipe networks are the pipework in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Pipe networks contain standard pipes and wells to all underground utility systems. Pipe networks must be named according to the principle in Figure 25. Figure 25: Naming of pipe network. Example of naming: N_Pr_S_BRIDGE1_Test bridge Pipe network_project_waste Water_Bridge1_Test bridge NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Page 25 of 57

26 4.6 Model list To keep track of the BIM Models, a model list is generated for each project. The model list includes the name, release date, revision and initials of creator, controller and approver of the BIM Model. When using the model list, you gain an overview of all BIM Models and their status (see section 3.4). 4.7 Levels of development Levels of development for the digital deliverables are described in the ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). The levels of development are defined in the MTH Building Component Catalogue with Levels of Development Specification (LOD), which is available at the MTH website, mth.dk. Page 26 of 57

27 5. Subscription tools With a valid subscription, you can download the latest upgrades, add-ons, request flexible license terms and obtain technical support from Autodesk. Autodesk offers additional improvement tools which can be downloaded and used directly in AutoCAD Civil 3D. This section describes some of the most important subscriptions for AutoCAD Civil 3D. Installation of subscription tools Before installing the subscription tools, you must close AutoCAD Civil 3D. The subscription tools can be downloaded from the Autodesk Subscription Center. There is a link to the Subscription Center (Product Enhancements) in the personal Autodesk Accounts (see Figure 26). Figure 26: Link to Subscription Center. The subscription tools will now be added to the list and installed when you click the relevant subscriptions (see Figure 27). Figure 27: List of subscription tools. After installation, you can open AutoCAD Civil 3D and see the selected subscriptions in AutoCAD Civil 3D - some will even feature as a new tab (see Figure 28). Page 27 of 57

28 Figure 28: New tab. 5.1 Geotechnical Module 2017 The Geotechnical Module 2017 (GM17) is an AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017 add-on created by Keynetix for Autodesk and can be downloaded from the Subscription Center. With GM16, it is possible to convert drilling samples (both digital and analogue) to intelligent 3D models for planning, quantity takeoff, excavation, etc. By converting the drilling samples from 2D to 3D, you can create a precise overview of handling of earthworks to ensure minimum waste and the fewest possible moving operations. Data for import It is possible to use different types of file formats in GM17. In MTH, we use the.csv file format (CSV separated by a semicolon). Two.csv files with the following names will be generated: 1. Location Details.csv 2. Field Geological Descriptions.csv The Location Details describe the different drilling sample locations. The Location Details must contain columns showing: - Location ID: Drilling sample name. It is important to also use the exact same name in the Location Details.csv file, otherwise GM17 cannot compare the two.csv files - Location Type: What type of test is it geotechnical drilling, test pit, etc. - Easting: X-coordinate with a comma before decimals - Northing: Y-coordinate with a comma before decimals - Ground Level: Level with a comma before decimals Data must be written in the same field with a colon (:) as separator (see Figure 29). Figure 29: Location Details. The Field Geological Descriptions contains information on the different soil strata in the drilling sample. The Field Geological Descriptions must contain columns showing the following data (see Figure 30): - Location ID: Drilling sample name. It is important to also use the exact same name in the Location Details.csv file, otherwise GM17 cannot compare the two.csv files - Depth Top: Top level of soil strata (Tip: Terrain level is always 0). A comma is inserted before decimals - Depth Base: Bottom level of soil strata. A comma is inserted before decimals Page 28 of 57

29 - Legend Code: A code describing the material of the soil strata. Based on the Legend Code, GM17 specifies the type of strata. It is therefore important to use the Legend Codes consistently so that the same soil strata are given the same code. See Figure 30 - Geology Code: Naming of a Legend Code (see Figure 30) - Geology Code 2: N/A - BGS Lexicon: N/A - Description: A copy of a description from a drilling sample (see Figure 32) Legend Code Geology Code Danish Description Colour 101 TOPSOIL Muld 201 CLAY Ler 203 Sandy CLAY Sandet ler 206 Bouldery CLAY Moræneler 301 SILT Silt 401 SAND Sand 402 Clayey SAND Leret sand 501 Gravel Grus 601 Peat Tørv 701 Cobbles Brosten 805 CHALK Kalk 806 COAL Kul Figure 30: Legend and Geology Code. Data must be written in the same field with a colon (:) as separator (see Figure 31). Compared to the work involved in GM17, this work is the most time-consuming as it is only possible to generate this file manually. Page 29 of 57

30 Figure 31: Field Geological Descriptions. Example of creation of drilling samples for the Field Geological Descriptions.csv file. First open the drilling sample, which will often be sent as a.pdf file (see Figure 32). Figure 32 shows an example of a drilling sample from the interactive map available from the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) showing various types of drilling sample. For more details, see the section about the JUPITER drilling sample database below. Page 30 of 57

31 Figure 32: Drilling sample example. Source: GEUS drilling sample database. First line of Figure 32 will be: Page 31 of 57

32 Figure 33: First line of Figure 27. Source: GEUS drilling sample database. Second line of Figure 32 will be: Figure 34: Second line of Figure 27. Source: GEUS drilling sample database. The same principle will apply to the next soil strata in Figure 32. If it is possible to receive data on the drilling samples digitally, it will make the creation of the Field Geological Descriptions.csv file easier. The JUPITER drilling sample database If work is being carried out on the project without any drilling samples being made, older drilling samples are available from the JUPITER drilling sample database of GEUS. The drilling sample database contains different types of drilling samples. The geotechnical drilling samples are marked orange (see Figure 35). By marking these drilling samples, you will be given information on drilling date, coordinate, level and drilling sample as shown in Figure 32. The JUPITER drilling sample database is available at the GEUS website Page 32 of 57

33 Figure 35: JUPITER drilling sample database. Source: GEUS drilling sample database. Functions First connect to the database Geotechnical Module, which is part of the installation. You will connect to the Geotechnical Module by clicking Connect under Data Management (see Figure 36). You can also connect to common databases to enable other AutoCAD Civil 3D users to use the same data. Figure 36: Connecting to database in GM17. Then click Login (see Figure 37). Figure 37: Logging in to GM17. A new project is created by clicking Create (see Figure 38). Page 33 of 57

34 Figure 38: Creating a project by clicking Create. As a minimum, you must fill in Project ID, Name, Status and Category, setting Status as Open and Category as Default (see Figure 39). Figure 39: Filling in project details. Then open the project (see Figure 40). Page 34 of 57

35 Figure 40: Opening project. Now the two.csv files, prepared earlier in this section will be imported. They are imported by clicking Import (see Figure 41). Figure 41: Importing files. First select CSV under File Format and Colon (:) under Delimiter (see Figure 42). Then click Add and select the two.csv files. Finally, click Next. Page 35 of 57

36 Figure 42: Importing.csv files. The next window will show any problems with the.csv files (see Figure 43). Here it will be indicated if a colon or the like is missing in one of the.csv files. If it says Valid opposite both.csv files, there are no errors and you can click Next (see Figure 43). Figure 43: File checking.csv files. Then you click Next a couple of times and then Final. Tip: By clicking the TOP icon, the image will zoom in on the drilling samples (see Figure 44). Page 36 of 57

37 Figure 44: Clicking TOP to zoom in on drilling samples. Figure 45: Locations. Under Locations (see Figure 45) all drilling samples will be shown with coordinates (see Figure 46). Here it is also possible to close the samples in different views. By turning on Strip, legends are shown for each drilling sample (see Figure 47). Figure 46: Locations showing all drilling samples with coordinates. Figure 47: Strip showing elevations for each drilling sample. Under the function Strata, surfaces are generated between the strata of the drilling samples. NB! It is therefore important to use the same Legend Codes in the.csv files. Page 37 of 57

38 Figure 48: Strata. By highlighting Top on the list of the different strata from the.csv files, you will automatically generate an intelligent AutoCAD Civil 3D Surface of the top stratum (see Figure 49). Similarly, by highlighting Base, you will generate an intelligent Surface of the base stratum is generated (see Figure 49). Intelligent means that the Surface will change geometry automatically when data is updated and that the Surfaces can be used for quantity takeoffs, etc. Figure 49: Strata where Surfaces are generated. The strata now appear both in the model (see Figure 50) and in Toolspace (see Figure 51). Tip: Show the model using Visual Style Shape for a good overview. Figure 50: Surfaces in the model. Page 38 of 57

39 Figure 51: Toolspace in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Now it is not only possible to use the Surfaces for quantity takeoffs and planning, but also to extract Profiles of multiple Alignments. To do this, click Create under Profile (see Figure 52). Figure 52: Create, here Profiles are being generated. First an Alignment is generated by clicking Create Alignment and drawing the desired alignment (see Figure 53). Tip: The easiest way to do this is in Top View with 2D Viewframe as Visual Style. Figure 53: Create Alignment, here an Alignment is drawn in the model. Page 39 of 57

40 Then select the Surfaces to form part of the longitudinal profile (see Figure 53), and finally click Next. In the next window, click Finish, and then select the place in the drawing where you wish to insert the Profile. Figure 54: Profile. It is now possible to change the appearance of the Profile by giving the strata different colours, etc. (see Figure 54). Page 40 of 57

41 6. BIM Models on the construction site When starting up on-site BIM on civil works and infrastructure projects, it is important to get in place several factors as early in the process as possible. Below follows a description of some of these factors. 6.1 Fix points Before starting up construction sites, one of the most important factors is the positioning of the building in digital space, but this is also the factor that involves most problems. First, it is important to create a large and wide net of fix points, i.e. a system with many points spread out in the area both in the x and y plane, but indeed also in the datum. This net of fix points is to help surveyors and machine operators to be sure that they work on the basis of correct field positions. The net of fix points is ordered by a firm of surveyors. In MTH, we use LE Site model As early in the project process as possible, a site model must be started up in a Design tool or a Preliminary project tool. First, enter all existing conditions such as terrain, existing buildings and any existing pipes and cables. The site model will be extended as and when new information and data are available. Before cranes, site accommodation etc. can be positioned in the site model, it is important to know the correct positions of structures, excavations, etc. 6.3 Excavation Excavation models are generated in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Excavation models are Surfaces which can be used to generate quantity take-offs and cross sections. The Surfaces can also be used directly for machine control and surveying (see 9.1 for more details). The excavation model adds great value to the projects. An excavation model will provide: More accurate excavations using machine control More accurate quantities Option to analyse earth moving operations Detection of clashes with structures Excavations are used for structures, Corridors (roads/railways), pipework, etc. See below for more details. Excavation for structures Excavations for structures will usually be excavation for foundations and pits. Here the BIM Model for the foundations will be added as an external reference in AutoCAD Civil 3D (see section7.3). Based on the external reference, Feature lines are drawn along the bottom of the foundations. These Feature lines can then be offset at the distance desired from slope foot to the edge of the foundation. By using the Grading function, you can now create a slope with the desired grading to the terrain surface (see Figure 55). Figure 55: Excavation for structures. Page 41 of 57

42 Excavation for Corridors A Corridor is usually a road or railway model. A Corridor is a 3D object containing the 2D objects Alignment, Profile and Assembly. When a Corridor is created, you can draw Surfaces from the different layers in the structure of the Assembly. Here it is also possible to draw a Surface from the datum line, i.e. the bottom of the Corridor which is used as excavation model (see Figure 56). Figure 56: Excavation for Corridor. Excavation for pipes Excavation for pipes will be described in further detail in the next edition of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure. Page 42 of 57

43 7. Data extracts from BIM Models 7.1 Drawing production AutoCAD Civil 3D offers several tools to automatically extract 2D drawings from BIM Models. You can access these tools from the Output tab > Plan Production panel. The methods are used to extract several drawings from a BIM Model at one go. MTH has created different MTH Plan Production templates which are available for download at MTH s website (mth.dk). The MTH standard drawing header is contained in all MTH Plan Production templates. All MTH Plan Production templates are copied to the internal drive (see section 4.2) and modified for the current project where: The drawing header is filled in Legends are inserted New tabs are made with other scales, drawing formats or drawing headers Etc. In this way, you create a MTH Plan Production template for each BIM Model, and the templates are given the same name as the BIM Model. Plan View In Plan view a section is drawn horizontally from a given scale. If the project does not fit into one drawing, AutoCAD Civil 3D automatically divides the project into several part drawings. Figure 57 shows an example of an automatically generated plan of a road. Figure 57: Plan View from Plan Production. Page 43 of 57

44 How to create a Plan View: 1. Begin by clicking Create View Frames under Output and Plan Production (Figure 58). Figure 58: Creating View Frames. 2. Choose Plan Only and the MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A1 Plan_DK.dwt template or the MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A3 Plan_DK.dwt template depending on whether you work in drawing format A3 or A1 (see Figure 59). 3. Remember to modify all templates in advance, and give them the same name as the BIM Model (see section 7.1). Figure 59: Creating View Frames Sheets. Plan and Profile In Plan and Profile you draw a section horizontally and vertically on top of each other from a given scale. If the project does not fit into one drawing, AutoCAD Civil 3D automatically divides the project into several part drawings. Figure 60 shows an example of an automatically generated Plan and Profile of a road. Page 44 of 57

45 Figure 60: Plan and Profile. How to create a Plan and Profile: 1. Begin by clicking Create View Frames under Output and Plan Production (see Figure 58). 2. Choose Plan and Profile and the MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A1 Plan+Profil_DK.dwt template (see Figure 61). 3. Remember to modify all templates in advance, and give them the same name as the BIM Model (see section 7.1). Figure 61: Creating View Frames Sheets. Page 45 of 57

46 Section Sheets To automatically extract Section Sheets, it is necessary to create a Sample Line Group and produce Section Views in the BIM Model (see Figure 62). NB! It is also possible to show quantity tables together with assemblies (see section 7.2). Figure 62: Section Sheets. How to create a Section Sheet: 1. Start by clicking Create Section Sheets under Output and Plan Production (see Figure 63). Figure 63: Creating Section Sheets. 2. Then choose Alignment, Sample Line Group and Section View Group (see Figure 64). Figure 64: Creating Section Sheets. 7.2 Quantity takeoffs It is possible to perform AutoCAD Civil 3D quantity takeoffs in several ways. In this section, we will describe the most common methods. Page 46 of 57

47 Before the quantity takeoffs, it is important to decide on the bills of quantities as you need to be able to compare the quantities with the bills of quantities to monitor the economic development on the project. The project contract generally also contains provisions on how often to perform quantity takeoffs. Volume Dashboard The Volume Dashboard provides the exact quantity based on the project created. The quantity takes the entire elevation difference between two Surfaces, cut & fill. The quantity itself will be given as a Surface (TIN Volume Surface) based on level 0. The naming of this quantity TIN Volume Surface must be based on Figure 65. Figure 65: Naming of quantities. Example of naming: M_Pr_C_P_0-20_Test road Quantity_Project_Quantity from Corridor_Datum_Station 0-20_Test road NB! The free text is optional, but is used if there is a need for extra information in the name. Compute Materials Under Quantity takeoff criteria (see Figure 66) you can choose between different types of quantity takeoffs. - 4 layers refer to the structure of the Corridor. - Cut & Fill (Volume) refers to whole excavation and filling quantities. Figure 66: Computing materials. Page 47 of 57

48 For Compute Materials, you can use different calculation methods (see Figure 66). - Average End Area - Prismoidal - Composite Volume Figure 67: Volume calculation methods. The Average End Area method: The Average End Area method calculates volumes by adding the area of a material type at one station to the area of the material type at the next station and dividing the sum by two, then multiplying the result by the distance between the sections (see Equation 1). With this method, the volumes become increasingly precise the shorter the distance between the cross sections. Equation 1: Average End Area. The Prismoidal method: The Prismoidal method is similar to the Average End Area method, but uses an additional cross section at the middle of the two successive stations (see Equation 2). Equation 2: Prismoidal. Composite Volume: To calculate composite volumes, AutoCAD Civil 3D creates polygons between sample lines and then computes the bounded volumes of those polygons as in Volume Dashboard with the polygons as limitations (see Figure 68). Figure 68: The Composite method. After having created one of the three Compute Materials, you can either print a table with the volumes per cross section (see Figure 69), or you can attach a volume report to each cross section (see Figure 70). Page 48 of 57

49 Figure 69: Volume Report. Figure 70: Section View with Volume Report. 7.3 Export from Revit to AutoCAD Civil 3D If you wish to base your work in AutoCAD Civil 3D on a Revit model, you can export the Revit model to a.dwg file. In the export box (see Figure 71), tick Meter and Shared to place the Revit model correctly in the coordinate system and the meter system used in AutoCAD Civil 3D. NB! This is only possible if the coordinate system basis used for the Revit model is Shared. Figure 71: Export from Revit to.dwg. Page 49 of 57

50 8. Quality control of BIM Models Quality control (QC) of BIM Models is a very important pre-release procedure. This procedure is often given low priority. Below, we describe why quality control is an important and natural part of the modeling process. Section 2.3 on Common Data Environment (CDE) describes three procedures for quality control of BIM Models: Approved Authorised Verified The three QC procedures involve different approaches to control quality as described in this chapter. See examples of these quality control procedures in Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models. 8.1 Approved The Approved procedure is the most comprehensive of the three procedures. With the Approved procedure, the BIM Model goes from Work in Progress to Shared. There are four separate QC methods for BIM Models in Approved: Self-checking BIM Model technical QC Design Engineer QC Approval Documentation for the BIM Model technical QC, Design Engineer QC and Approval processes is required, whereas Self-checking is merely intended as a help to ensure that the BIM Models are as good as possible before QC. The documentation will be saved to allow you to go back and make sure that the QC method was completed and by whom, when, etc. For a description of the different roles in the QC methods, see section 2.1. Self-checking Self-checking is the control of own work. Many already regard this process as a natural step before passing the project on to another party. As previously mentioned, documentation for self-checking is not required. BIM Model technical QC BIM Model technical QC is performed by the BIM Coordinator or another BIM employee. BIM Model technical QC is based on the document BIM-model technical QC.xlsx (see Figure 72). The document should be seen as a checklist ensuring that all elements are included in the BIM Model and as a clash and consistency detection tool in relation to other BIM Models on the project. For each BIM Model, each item on the checklist must be checked off to determine whether it is: Yes, perfect Yes, but not 100% No When all items on the checklist have been checked off and the document is signed by the BIM Coordinator, including name and date, it will be passed on to the Designer. The Designer will rectify the items ticked off as Yes, but not 100% and No. When the Designer has rectified the BIM Model, the process will start all over again. When all items have been ticked off as Yes, perfect, the document will be passed on to the Approver. Page 50 of 57

51 Yes, perfect Yes, but not 100% No, does not comply Not applicable An important part of BIM Model technical QC is clash detection (se item 5.0 of Figure 72).The ICT Agreement describes how and how often clash detection is to be performed. 1.0 Files 1.1 File format The model was received in original file format The model was received in LandXML The model was received as a viewer file 1.2 The model received is in the agreed format 1.3 A file naming structure has been complied with Comments 2.0 Coordination 2.1 Shared reference points have been used (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design) 2.2 A common coordinate system has been used (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design) 2.3 The model block has been filled in, see section 3.4 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure 2.4 The objects are named according to section 4.5 of the BIM Manual civil works and infrastructure 2.5 Is the layer structure correct? 3.0 Modelling technique 3.1 Break lines and Surfaces are aligned 3.2 Have the reference systems been used (section 4.3 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure) 3.3 Is the model consistent 3.4 Objects do not overlap 3.5 No objects are missing 4.0 Contents 4.1 The model contains the expected objects 4.2 The model seems to be complete and adequate 5.0 Clash detection 5.1 There are no clashes in the model 5.2 There are no clashes with the drainage model 5.3 There are no clashes with the construction model 5.4 There are no clashes with the excavation model 5.5 There are no clashes with the road/railway model 5.6 There are no clashes with the finished terrain 6.0 Take-off 6.1 2D drawings are a take-off from the model? (section 6.1 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure) 6.2 Are quantities a take-off from the model? (section 6.2 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure) Page 51 of 57

52 Yes Some effort required Not even close No 7.0 Can the model be used for 7.1 Design review 7.2 Clash detection 7.3 Quantity take-off 7.4 Visualisation of construction programme 7.5 Visualisation of the construction project and structural parts 7.6 Machine control 7.7 Surveying 7.8 Production planning where time schedule is coupled with 3D model 7.9 Financial planning where time schedule and finances are coupled with 3D model Figure 72: BIM Model technical QC list. Design Engineer QC In QCs of non-bim Model technical aspects such as modeling technique and clash detection, the Design Engineer must check geometry, joints, etc. These types of QC can be performed in two ways: QC of 2D drawings QC of BIM Models QC of 2D drawings The method is a traditional QC where the Designer extracts 2D views from the BIM Model. The extracts must be made as Plan Production (see section 7.1) with Plan, Profile and Assembly and as 3D views of the BIM Model. The drawings will be handed over to the Design Engineer in hard copy, who will then comment on the drawings in the old-fashioned way using different colours. This process will continue until the Design Engineer is satisfied with the BIM Model. QC of BIM Models In this method, the Designer makes a QC Navisworks.nwd file for the Design Engineer, who performs the control. This file can be opened in Navisworks Simulate. The Design Engineer can navigate, but not change the geometry in Navisworks Simulate. In addition, the Design Engineer can show/hide layers, make sections and write comments on specific aspects of the BIM Model for the Designer. The Navisworks file will then be returned to the Designer, who can now adjust the BIM Model according to the Design Engineer s comments. The process continues in the same Navisworks file until the Design Engineer is satisfied with the BIM Model as it is possible to change the status of the comments from New to Active, Approved or Resolved. The Navisworks file will be saved as documentation of the quality control work. See examples in Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models. Approval When the three first items of the Approved procedure (Self-checking, BIM Model technical QC and Design Engineer QC) have been completed, the BIM Model is to be approved. This process is handled by a project or design manager. Page 52 of 57

53 8.2 Authorised The Authorised procedure is less comprehensive than the Approved procedure. In the Authorised procedure, the BIM Model goes from Shared to Published. The Authorised procedure only involves two separate QC methods: BIM Model technical QC (see section 8.1) Approval (see section 8.1) The Design Engineer is not a necessity in this process as the geometry of the BIM Model has not changed since the Approved process. 8.3 Verified The Verified process comes after Published. Here the BIM Model will be approved by the person requesting the model in most cases, the client. Page 53 of 57

54 9. Exchange 9.1 Machine control and surveying Machine control and surveying are still a relatively new process for non-surveyors in MTH. The area is currently changing rapidly. Machine control and surveying are based on Leica's icon system. This system accepts the following files:.trm (terrain model from icon office).geo (line file from icon office).lok (coordinate system from icon office).dxf LandXML Excavation Machine control files for excavation are created in icon office. This program requires a licence. The machine needs both.trm and.geo files as the two files together provide a good overview of the project..trm files show the surface and.geo files show where the break lines of the surface are located. The loading of break lines into the machine makes it easier for the machine operator to see where the surface gradient changes..trm and.geo files can also be loaded into the controller using a total station or a rover so as to allow the project team to check the work while it is being done. Construction Revit, Tekla and other design files can be loaded into the controller on the total station/rover using the.dxf format. The.dxf files can be loaded as background maps and as reference data. If used as a background map, the file will be a "dead" object in the background of the controller. If the file is used as reference data, you will be able to "snap" lines and Points and thereby set out foundations etc. Pipework When modeling pipe networks in AutoCAD Civil 3D, it is important to create a Feature line at the bottom of all pipes. It is this Feature line that will be used in the controller in the field. The reason why only Feature lines are being used here is to feed as little data as possible into the controller to minimise "noise". Instead it is possible to add labels to features lines describing pipes and wells. The labels must as a minimum include the following information: Pipe/wire: Pipe/cable name/material Pipe/cable dimensions Gradient per thousand Gradient/direction arrow Well: Well name/material Well dimensions Level of inlet (It may also stand on pipe inlets) Level of outlet (It may also stand on pipe outlets) Bottom level of well Level of cover of well When using the AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template (see section 3.1), use the Standard [DDA] labels style to include the above information as labels in the Pipe network model. Page 54 of 57

55 9.2 Formats The next sub-sections describe the file formats that can be sent from AutoCAD Civil 3D. Original file (.dwg) The original file contains all intelligent AutoCAD Civil 3D objects and related reference data, both External References and Data Shortcuts (see section 4.3). Exported (.dwg/.dxf) The.dwg and.dxf formats are exported versions of the original file for AutoCAD Civil 3D. In connection with the export, all referenced files will become part of the BIM Model. However, all object will be Exploded to dead Polylines. But the Polylines will keep the layer structure from the objects. In exported files, the letters ACAD_ will be added as a prefix to the file name. LandXML LandXML is a special format created for the exchange of civil works and infrastructure models. The LandXML format is particularly good as the objects do not lose intelligence during the export/import process, i.e. the objects remain objects with all the property data they contain. The following types of objects can be exported to LandXML: Points Alignments Surfaces Pipe networks Sites Corridors Tip: When BIM Models are exchanged with the LandXML format, the layer structure will not be transferred Text files (.txt) A.txt file is a text file containing Points. When modeling Points, you can export them to a list in a.txt file. Digital plot In AutoCAD Civil 3D it is possible to create both.pdf and.dwf files. The format depends on the project s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102, del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). See also section 6.1 on drawing production..ifc As a new feature, AutoCAD Civil 3D can now export to.ifc. Page 55 of 57

56 10. Lists 10.1 List of abbreviations BIM CDE DDA DKTM DVR90 GEUS Building Information Model Common Data Environment Det Digitale Anlæg (The digital civil works) is a project cooperation between the danish Vejdirektoratet, BaneDanmark, FRI, Femern A/S and Danske Anlægsentreprenører. (detdigitaleanlæg.dk) Danish Coordinate System Danish elevation system The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland GM17 Geotechnical Module 2017 ICT MTH QC X-ref Information and Communication Technology MT Højgaard A/S Quality control External references used as underlay in AutoCAD Civil 3D List of formats.dgn Microstation format.dwf.dwg.geo.ifc.landxml.lok.nwd.pdf.trm.txt Digital plot from Autodesk AutoCAD format Line file from icon Exchange format for building projects Exchange format for civil works and infrastructure projects Location file from icon Navisworks Freedom format Digital plot from Adobe Terrain file from icon Text file Page 56 of 57

57 10.3 List of Softwares AutoCAD Civil 3D CityEngine DynaRoads icon Office InfraWorks (360) Microstation Inroads Navisworks Revit AutoCAD Civil 3D is a BIM design tool for civil works and infrastructure projects, where from quantities and drawings can be extracted. CityEngine is a visualisation tool for city planning, architecture and design. DynaRoads is a planning tool to lineare civil works and infrastructure projects. In icon Office the BIM Models are prepared for surveying and machine control InfraWorks is a visualisation tool for city planning, architecture and design. Microstation Inroads is a BIM design tool for civil works and infrastructure projects, where from quantities and drawings can be extracted. In Navisworks various models are compared at the same time. The programme works well for QC and planning Revit is a BIM design tool for building projects, where from quantities and drawings can be extracted 11. Appendices 11.1 Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow 11.2 Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE) 11.3 Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models 11.4 Appendix 4 Naming of objects Page 57 of 57

58 BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow December 2016/LOSK losk@mth.dk The effective data flow diagram is a description of the effective BIM collaboration and thus synergies arising from MT Højgaard s (MTH) insight and competencies, choice of software program and processes when using BIM on civil works and infrastructure projects. The effective data flow, Figure 1, describes how data can be transferred effectively, using BIM throughout the civil engineering process, and contains several work processes with a choice of programs/formats. They will be described further in this Appendix. The effective data flow supports effective BIM collaboration on projects if the right tools and skills are available and can be used for all types of civil works and infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels and land developments. Figure 1: The effective data flow. MT Højgaard A/S Knud Højgaards Vej Søborg mth.dk CVR

59 Two modelling tools Figure 1 the top of Figure 1, InfraWorks and AutoCAD Civil 3D, and the options for further processing of the BIM models in other programs are visualised at the bottom of Figure 1. The arrows between the programs indicate the direction and sequence of the data flow. An active interaction in all phases of the project adds great value as the software programs offer entirely different tools and information is transferred without loss of data. To read more about this, see Processes in section a. AutoCAD Civil 3D to InfraWorks and vice versa. The software programs and the work processes in Figure 1 are numbered and subsequently described. Numbers denote tools/programs, and letters denote processes. The description of each work process includes an example of a work process. The example is based on a new fictive road section with a bridge crossing the road. The InfraWorks and AutoCAD Civil 3D programs are the cornerstone of MTH s selection of software programs. These two programs are both intelligent and dynamic in their interaction. Tools/programs 1. Preliminary project tool The InfraWorks program is used as a Preliminary project tool to create conceptual designs of different solutions and to present processes and solutions. The program supports the design and visualisation processes in AutoCAD Civil 3D. InfraWorks comes with the same AutoDesk Design suite as AutoCAD Civil 3D. It is possible to extract data on existing conditions (terrain, orthophotos, buildings, drain gratings and roads) from the website of the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen) into the program. The process of exchanging files between AutoCAD Civil 3D and InfraWorks is very dynamic (see section a) which means that objects designed in AutoCAD Civil 3D can become part of the InfraWorks model and vice versa. The InfraWorks model can be exported to the.fbx file format which is recognizable by Navisworks, and in that way, the model can be used by all project parties using the Navision Freedom viewer software (see Figure 2). Figure 2:.fbx export in Navisworks. In InfraWorks it is also possible to make analyses of BIM models such as roadway curves, analyses of visibility from cars, profile optimisation and shade conditions. When buying the extended version of InfraWorks called InfraWorks 360, you also buy in the road, bridge and drainage design modules. 2. Design tool AutoCAD Civil 3D is used as a design tool for civil works and infrastructure projects. The software can design and optimise alignments, profiles, road constructions, excavations, levelling, etc. The software program can automatically generate quantity takeoffs, cross sections, plan and profile views so that drawing production will constitute only a small part of the overall de- Page 2 of 9

60 tailing process, see Chapter 7 of the BIM Manual for roads and earthworks. The software is also part of the Autodesk Design Suite Infrastructure which also contains: AutoCAD. All general AutoCAD functions AutoCAD Map 3D. This is the GIS function in AutoCAD Civil 3D. This tool can be used to enter and analyse various land surveying formats, such as terrain models and orthophotos from the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen) Storm and Sanitary analysis. This is an analysis product for Pipe networks in AutoCAD Civil 3D. This tool can be used to check whether the capacity of rainwater pipes is large enough considering rainfall intensity. AutoCAD Raster Design. A program which can convert images to. dwg vector objects. ReCap reads measured data (laser scans) and converts it to.rcs or.rcp files which can be opened directly in AutoCAD Civil 3D, InfraWorks, Revit, etc. Navisworks Simulate collects all models InfraWorks 3. Production planning Production planning represents a wider range of BIM initiatives for the planning of projects and processes, e.g.: Site model (InfraWorks, Revit) 4D (Navisworks) Visualisation of critical processes/building components (Navisworks) Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroads) By planning the construction activities and processes from start to finish already in the design phase, most challenges are taken into account before the execution of the works. This will for instance minimise unforeseen costs and production stoppage and reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions and ultimately shorten construction time. 4. BIM detailed project planning The BIM detailed project plan is created in AutoCAD Civil 3D, Tekla or Revit. The sketch models in InfraWorks can be exported to the programs mentioned above. This creates synergies between the programs and ensures that the geometry of the sketch project is identical to the geometry of the detailed project, thereby making sure that all project parties use the same geometry. And a better coordinated design is achieved. 5. Earth optimisation Dynaroads is used for the detailed planning of earth logistics. Dynaroads is a state-of-the-art tool designed specifically for the planning and management of large linear infrastructure projects such as roads and railways. The software program consists of three coherent functions: mass-haul optimisation, scheduling and an interactive map. The mass-haul optimisation module creates cut-fill analyses based on actual quantities and calculated haul distances. As a result, the software program delivers valid data for quotations and production based on calculations rather than estimates. The scheduling module provides a location-based schedule which can be planned directly in map view, enabling planning and visualisation of logistics and other complex elements as well as traffic arrangements. Dynaroads differs from other similar software tools by chaining the modules described together to ensure consistency between map view, schedule and mass haul at all times. Moreover, Dynaroads can be used throughout the project process from design to handover as the tool covers both planning and production. Therefore, there is no need to convert data between different software programs, and that eliminates the risk of losing large parts of relevant information in a phase shift. Page 3 of 9

61 Dynaroads is also used to optimise earth logistics to minimise haul distances and intermediate landfilling, thereby reducing resource use. Dynaroads uses calculated quantities from the Auto- CAD Civil 3D models embedded in the geotechnical surveys of soil conditions. In this way, all excavated material is defined as top soil, recyclable soil, non-recyclable soil, moist soil, chalk, etc. The built-in areas are also defined in relation to whether there must be room for top soil, recyclable soil, non-recyclable soil, moist soil, chalk, etc. The project schedule is entered in Dynaroads to allow the software program to consider when and in what areas excavation is being carried out and when it is time to deliver soil to the builtin areas. Dynaroads considers all conditions relating to soil type and execution order and can calculate the most optimum mass-haul logistics for projects. Dynaroads can also visualise activities in the areas. It is used in both small compact areas with many activities to be coordinated and in the overall plan to visualise main activities over large distances. The visualisation is a powerful tool to inform and instruct construction team in the field on the planned progress of the project. 6. Machine control and surveying Machine control and surveying are performed in Leicas icon geo system. BIM models from Revit, Tekla and AutoCAD Civil 3D can be inserted in the tablet/controller, and these models are used as a basis for all earthworks and plotting of various functions. The work performed can also be measured automatically for control and as-built documentation. Processes a. Preliminary project tool to Design tool and vice versa An entirely new file format has been developed for the interaction between AutoCAD Civil 3D and InfraWorks the.imx format. The two software tools can both import and export the.imx format which ensures that the intelligent objects in both tools do not lose information during the conversion.the.imx format can contain Surfaces, Alignments and Profiles, i.e. ordinary AutoCAD Civil 3D objects (except for Corridors). Example of dataflow from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D: Sketch project of a new road system created in InfraWorks on the basis of existing conditions retrieved from the website of the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen),see Figure 3. Surfaces, Alignments and Profiles are exported to.imx and imported in AutoCAD Civil 3D. The import is shown in Figure 4 where the green surface is the existing terrain and the red surface is the new road system. The red line below the surfaces is the alignment. In AutoCAD Civil 3D, it is possible to work further on the model or extract information such as quantities (see Figure 5), sections, 2D drawings, etc). Figure 3: Sketch project of new road system in InfraWorks. Page 4 of 9

62 Figure 4: Exported.imx file in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Figure 5: Quantity take off directly from information in the.imx file. From AutoCAD Civil 3D to InfraWorks: Road model (Corridor with surface, see Figure 6) is exported to.imx and imported into Infra- Works, which already shows existing conditions such as terrain, orthophotos and the building. After this, it is possible to create visualisations for presentation (see Figure 7), site models, visibility analyses (see Figure 8), sun/shade analyses, profile optimisations (see Figure 9), etc. Figure 6: Road model in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Figure 7: Visualisation of road model in InfraWorks. Figure 8: Sight Distance analysis in InfraWorks. Figure 9: Profile optimisation in InfraWorks. Page 5 of 9

63 b. From Preliminary project tool and Design tool to Production planning Production planning is a broad concept when speaking about software tools and processes. In this document, we use: b1 Site model (Revit, InfraWorks) b2 Visualisation of critical processes/building components (InfraWorks) b3 Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroad) b1 Site model (Revit, InfraWorks) Site models are made using building site objects (e.g. cranes, containers, signs, etc.) in Revit or InfraWorks. The site model gives a good view of the construction site and can be updated as the project progresses. Figure 10 and 11 show the development of a site model with a crossing bridge. The model includes a crane, areas for site accommodation and materials stock (red and green area), interim road and vehicles. Figure 10: Site model from InfraWorks, phase 1. Page 6 of 9

64 Figure 11: Site model from InfraWorks, phase 2. b2 Visualisation of critical processes/building components (InfraWorks) InfraWorks is used for visualisation of critical processes, e.g. crane lifts, fencing, interim measures, health and safety and scaffolds. It can also be useful to visualise carriage roads etc. if there is little space around the site. Visualisations make it possible to think the critical process/building component through and to find a useful and tested solution. b3. Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroad) Dynaroads is used for materials and logistics optimisation. For more information, please see section d below. c. From Preliminary project tool and Design tool to BIM detailed projevt planning Several different software tools can be used for the BIM detailed project planning (see section 0). Surfaces, Alignments and Profiles are exported using the.imx file format. The rest of the objects are imported/exported using.fbx,.dwg or.landxml. Below are examples of the detailed project planning from InfraWorks. Example of export of.imx from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D: The.imx file contains surfaces, alignments and profiles. The objects are intelligent, which means that they contain the same information from the InfraWorks model. To read more about this, see section a. Figure 12: Export from InfraWorks to.imx. Page 7 of 9

65 Example of export of.fbx from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D, Revit and Tekla: Export using.fbx gives Mesh objects (i.e. surface objects). These objects can be imported into AutoCAD Civil 3D, Revit and Tekla. And creates the outer geometry of the bridge to be developed further in the different tools (see examples in Figure 13 to Figure 15). Figure 13: Export of.fbx model from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D. Figure 14: Export of.fbx model from InfraWorks to Revit. Figure 15: Export of.fbx model from InfraWorks to Tekla. d. From Design tool to Dynaroad and vice versa Earth quantities are imported into Dynaroads from Excel. The quantities in Excel are generated in AutoCAD Civil 3D, in which they are analysed and segmented according to application. On that basis, Dynaroads calculates location parameters and haul distances and thereby visualises areas where vertical changes on the alignment or other design changes can be made with advantage. If possible, adjust the design in AutoCAD Civil 3D on the basis of the calculations in Dynaroads, and then recalculate the quantities and reimport them into Dynaroads. The process runs iteratively until the optimum solution is found. Today, the majority of planned alignments do not consider earth classes and haul distances, but are designed on the basis of a general soil balance. That means that areas with nonrecyclable soil require a lot of transportation and consequently high costs and time consumption. Page 8 of 9

66 e. From Design tool to Machine control and surveying and vice versa An exported AutoCAD Civil3D dxf file is imported into icon office to generate a terrain model (.trm), a coordinate system (.lok) and an alignment file (.geo). The files can be used for machine control and in a total station. The machine can also measure in points during performance of work for control and as-built documentation. These points are exported to.txt file or.dxf file. Figure 16 shows the project as it is displayed on the tablet/controller on the total station. It shows the terrain file and the alignment file with reference points plotted in the field. In the machine house, the operator sees the terrain file and the break lines included in the.geo file (see Figure 17). Figure 16: Image from the tablet on the total station. Figure 17: Image from the tablet in the machine house. f. Handover Handover may consist of quantities, production drawings, visualisation, parts lists, presentation model, schedule, as-built, etc. Page 9 of 9

67 BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE) December 2016 /LOSK losk@mth.dk The Common Data Environment (CDE) originates from the British PAS :2013. CDE is shown in diagram format in Figure 1. A CDE describes the structure for exchange and release of BIM models both internally in the project team, but also to the client. After BIM has become the cornerstone of civil works and infrastructure projects, it is no longer possible to work directly according to old procedures. It applies to all BIM processes in the projects and of quality control (QC) and exchange of BIM models in particular. All industry professionals need to think in new structures and new processes. CDE was developed for the purpose of supporting the structure surrounding the exchange and release of BIM models. Figure 1: Common Data Environment (CDE) from PAS :2013. Figure 1 shows the journey of a BIM model from start to finish. Each individual BIM model will have its own route to handover, but a common feature for all BIM models is that they must all MT Højgaard A/S Knud Højgaards Vej Søborg mth.dk CVR

68 go through the elements shown in the figure one or more times. Figure1 contains four model areas and three QC processes. The QC processes take place in between the four model areas Work in progress, Shared, Published and Archive. The three QC processes Approved, Authorised and Verified contain three different QC stages. Below, a random BIM model s journey is described and explained based on CDE (see Figure 1). The BIM model in question is a road model to be adapted to a bridge structure and a drainage project (see Figure 2). Figure 2: Example of the common model of road, bridge and drainage. Work in Progress, Part 1 The road model (ROAD) is started in the design tool based on the client s alignment and bridge clearance gauge data. At the same time, the other disciplines will begin to design the bridge model (BRIDGE) and the drainage model (DRAIN) based on the same data from the client (see Figure 3). All Work in Progress groups work on internal drives. BRIDGE DRAIN ROAD Figure 3: Work in Progress, Part 1. Approved, Part 1 Before the three BIM models are to go through the approval and quality control process Approved, the Shared model is created. The Shared model is a clean BIM model containing only Page 2 of 5

69 data relevant to the QC process. Each Work in Progress group carries out the Approved process. The Approved process includes four separate QC methods for the BIM models (see BIM Manual for roads and earthworks, Chapter 8, and Appendix 3 for more information). Shared, Part 1 When the BIM models have been approved in the QC process Approved, they will be uploaded to the Shared area which will be a project web to which everybody has access. When the BIM model has been uploaded to the Shared area, the other teams (Work in Progress) can download the BIM model and use it as the basis for their own designs. At the same time, the BIM models will be uploaded to the Archive folder. In the Archive folder, a version and revision number will be added to the BIM model name (see Figure 4), and here all versions and revisions of the BIM models will be available. BRIDGE DRAIN ROAD BRIDGE DRAIN Figure 4: Shared, Part 1. ROAD WIP, Part 2 After the bridge and drainage models have also been uploaded to the Shared area, they can be downloaded as an references to the road model (see Figure 5). The road model will then have its geometry adjusted to the bridge and drainage models. If there are challenges involved in adjusting the BIM models, a meeting will be scheduled where the different teams can discuss and find a solution to the challenges. Page 3 of 5

70 BRIDGE DRAIN Road Road BRIDGE DRAIN BRIDGE DRAIN ROAD Figure 5: Work in Progress, Part 2. Approved, Part 2 The adjusted road model will now go through the exact same quality and approval processes as under Approved, Part 1. When the road model has been approved, a new version will be uploaded to the Shared area. Shared, Part 2 When the second version of the road model is uploaded to the Shared folder, a version of the road model will also be placed in the Archive folder and assigned version number 2 (see Figure 6). BRIDGE DRAIN ROAD BRIDGE DRAIN Figure 6: Shared, Part 2. ROAD ROAD Authorised, Part 1 When the road model has been adjusted to the bridge and drainage models, the road model will go through the quality and authorisation process called Authorised. The Authorised procedure includes only two separate QC methods (see BIM Manual for earthworks and road works, Chapter 8, and Appendix 3 for more information). Page 4 of 5

71 Published, Part 1 When the road model has been Authorised in the above process, the BIM model will be released to the client. At the same time, the BIM model will be placed in the Archive folders and assigned revision number 1 (see Figure 7). BRIDGE DRAIN ROAD ROAD Figure 7: Published, Part 1. BRIDGE DRAIN ROAD ROAD ROAD Verified, Part 1 When the BIM model is Verified, the client has approved the BIM model. Page 5 of 5

72 BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Model December 2016 /LOSK losk@mth.dk This Appendix shows examples of the four quality control (QC) methods: Self-checking BIM Model technical QC Design Engineer QC Approval The quality control methods are included in the three QC procedures in Common Data Environment (CDE) Approved, Authorised and Vertified. This appendix will not describe when to use the different QC methods. For information about when to use the different QC methods, see section 2.3 of BIM Manual for roads and earthworks and Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment. The example in this Appendix is based on a Corridor of a railway section of about 300 m. Self-checking Self-checking is control of the designer s own work. Many already regard this process as natural before passing the project on to another party. Documentation for the self-checking is not required. An example of a check list for self-check is given in figure 1. MT Højgaard A/S Knud Højgaards Vej Søborg mth.dk CVR

73 Check list Check The BIM Model contains reference points The objects are placed in the right coordinates (coordinate system) The model block has been filled in The correct layer structure has been used The objects have been named correctly Break lines and surfaces match Is the consistency in the BIM Model Are there clashes in the BIM Model Figure 1: Check list for self-check. You can post the check list for self-check on the noticeboard so that it is always to hand. BIM Model technical QC The BIM Model technical QC is carried out by the BIM Coordinator or Designer, but the BIM Coordinator is responsible for the work being carried out. The BIM Model technical QC is also based on a check list to check whether all components are included in the BIM Model and whether there are clashes and consistency with other BIM Models on the project. A BIM Model technical QC Excel file is generated for each issue to the Shared or Published files. The BIM Model technical QC check list is copied in with the same number of sheets as the number of BIM Models to be issued/quality controlled. The BIM Model technical QC sheets are named according to the name of the BIM model, e.g. Model X (see Figure 2 and Figure 3). Figure 2: The sheet Model name is copied to the number of BIM Models to be issued. Figure 3: Model X. Page 2 of 11

74 Yes, perfect Yes, but not 100% No, does not comply Not applicable Model name, date and initials are written at the top of each sheet (see Figure 4). Figure 4: Model name, date and initials. The top part of the sheet (see Figure 5) shows how the file is received. Tick the relevant boxes. If the questions are not relevant, then tick the Not applicable box. In this case, the file naming structure has clearly not been followed, and therefore the No, missing box in section 1.3 has been ticked. If necessary, comments may be added in the right-hand column. Comments 1.0 Files 1.1 File format The model was received in original file format x The model was received in LandXML x The model was received as a viewer file x 1.2 The model received is in the agreed format x 1.3 A file naming structure has been complied with x Figure 5: 1.0 Files. In the next part of the sheet (see Figure 6), we look at whether all background data for the BIM Model is in place. In this example, the legend has not been filled in, and the object names have not been named correctly, and therefore, the No, does not comply box has been ticked. If necessary, comments may be added in the right-hand column. 2.0 Coordination 2.1 Shared reference points have been used (IKT-specifikationen A102, del 4: Digital x projektering) (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design) 2.2 A common system of coordinates has been used (IKT-specifikationen A102, del x 4: Digital projektering) (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design) 2.3 The model block has been filled in, see section 3.4 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure 2.4 The objects are named according to section 4.5 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure 2.5 Is the layer structure correct? x Figure 6: 2.0 Coordination. x x The next part of the sheet (see Figure 7) shows the modelling technology of the BIM model. In this example, all points have been performed satisfactorily. If necessary, comments may be added in the right-hand column. Page 3 of 11

75 3.0 Modelling technique 3.1 Break lines and surfaces are aligned x 3.2 Have the reference systems been used (section 4.3 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure) x 3.3 Is the model consistent? x 3.4 Objects do not overlap x 3.5 No objects are missing x Figure 7: 3.0 Modelling technology. The next part of the sheet (see Figure 8) shows the content of the BIM Model. In this example, the Yes, but not 100% box has been ticked in response to the question of whether the BIM Model works satisfactorily. In the comments box, it has been explained why. 4.0 Contents 4.1 The model contains the expected objects x 4.2 The model seems to be complete and adequate x Figure 8: 4.0 Contents. No connection to existing terrain several places The next part of the sheet (see Figure 9) is based on clash detection recognizing conflicts in the project s remaining BIM Models. In this example, the Yes, but not 100% box has been ticked in case of clashes with the drain model. A clash detection report is generated and attached to the quality control. In this context, Yes, but not 100% means that there are a couple of clashes in the BIM Model, but that they are not critical. 5.0 Clash detection 5.1 There are no clashes in the model x 5.2 There are no clashes with the drainage model 5.3 There are no clashes with the structure model x 5.4 There are no clashes with the excavation model x 5.5 There are no clashes with the road/railway model x 5.6 There are no clashes with the finished terrain x Figure 9: 5.0 Clash detection. x See clash detection The next part of the sheet (see Figure 10) is based on whether the take-offs are a direct element of the BIM Model. In this case, both 2D drawings and quantities are taken off directly. If necessary, comments may be added in the right-hand column. 6.0 Take-off 6.1 2D drawings are a take-off from the model? (section 6.1 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure) 6.2 Are quantities a take-off from the model? (section 6.2 of the BIM Manual for Civil Works and Infrastructure) Figure 10: 6.0 Take-off. x x The final part of the sheet (see Figure 11) is based on possibilities of the BIM Model. Here it is assessed whether the BIM Model is ready for visualisation, quantity take-off, etc. In the comments field to the right, you can describe in further detail what the BIM Model is lacking in terms of fulfilment of the points. Page 4 of 11

76 Yes Some effort required Not even close No 7.0 Can the model be used for 7.1 Review and design review x 7.2 Clash detection x 7.3 Quantity take-off x 7.4 Visualisation of construction programme x 7.5 Visualisation of the construction project and building components x 7.6 Machine control X 7.7 Surveying x 7.8 Production planning where time schedule is coupled with 3D model x 7.9 Financial planning where time schedule and finances are coupled with 3D model Figure 11: 7.0 Can the model be used for x The model must be divided into smaller parts The model must be divided into smaller parts Design Engineer QC In QCs of non-bim Model technical aspects, the Design Engineer must check geometry, joints, etc. These types of QC can be performed in two ways: As a traditional quality control of 2D drawings (QC of 2D drawings) In Navisworks Simulate with the BIM Model (QC of building information models) QC of 2D drawings QC of 2D drawings is used if the Design Engineer does not know how to use the BIM tool Navisworks Simulate. When 2D drawings are being quality controlled, cross sections, plan, profiles are printed using Plan Production (see how in section 7.1 of BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure) and 3D views directly from AutoCAD Civil 3D. These drawings will be passed on to the Design Engineer by the Designer. The Design Engineer now corrects the drawings in the traditional way and returns the corrections to the Designer. This process is repeated until the drawings and thus the BIM Model is approved by the Design Engineer. The QC process is documented in the traditional way. Below is a single process with the BIM Model example Model X. First, the QC material is delivered to the Design Engineer (see extract of this in Figure 12). Page 5 of 11

77 Figure 12: Extract of delivery of QC material to Model X. The Design Engineer adds comments to the 2D drawings (see Figure 13and Figure 14), and then the Design Engineer and the Designer hold a short meeting to discuss the changes to be made in the BIM Model. After this meeting, the Designer will correct the BIM Model (see Figure 15). Then the whole thing starts all over again. The BIM Model will be printed in 2D drawings using Plan Production (see section 7.1 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure), and then the Design Engineer makes his comments. When the Design Engineer has no more comments, the BIM Model has passed the Design Engineer s QC and the QC is documented with date and signature. Figure 13: QC of assembly. Page 6 of 11

78 Figure 14: QC of 3D view. Figure 15: Corrected BIM Model. QC of BIM Models QC of BIM Models is used if the Design Engineer knows how to use the BIM tool Navisworks Simulate or another similar tool. Below the procedure in Navisworks Simulate is described. Page 7 of 11

79 In the software tool, you can: add comments measure make sections rotate the BIM Model turn layers on and off 1. Add comments In Navisworks Simulate, there is a special comments functionality that enables the designer to zoom in on the various comments made by the Design Engineer. Each comment will have its own viewpoint, making it possible to always revert to the comments. In Navisworks Simulate, the remaining BIM Model can also be opened to enable the Design Engineer to also check for consistency with other discipline models. The comments will be listed one after the other to give the Designer an overview of all comments. The comments will be made using the Add Tag function (see Figure 16). Figure 16: Insertion of comments in the Navisworks model. When the Designer receives the Navisworks file (.nwd), the Designer can fly around between all comments using the Viewpoints or View Comments functions. Figure 17 is an example of a comment added in Navisworks. The Navisworks model shows where the comment begins, and in the bottom of the screen, you can read the comment and see who added it and the date and status of the comment. Comments can be made in all Views, ie with measurements, in sections, in all angles of the BIM Model, etc. Figure 17: Comments in Navisworks. Page 8 of 11

80 2. Measurement In Navisworks Simulate, there is a good measuring function (see Figure 18 for options). These measurements can also be included in comments to give the designer as much information as possible in the comments (see Figure 19). The dimensioning will in this case only be visible in the Viewpoint comment in which it is included. Figure 18: Measurement methods in Navisworks. Figure 19: Measurement in comment. 3. Sectioning The easiest way to make sections is by using the Box function, see Figure 20 and Figure 21. Here it is possible to pull the arrows so that you see the section exactly where it is interesting. This section can also be added as a comment. Page 9 of 11

81 Figure 20: Enable Sectioning/Box. Figure 21: Box Sectioning. 4. Rotate the BIM Model By using the Full Navigation Wheel you can easily rotate the BIM Model. By moving the center button across the area where you want to rotate the BIM Model and then holding down the Orbit button while rotating, you can be sure of the focal point in the BIM Model (see Figure 22). Figure 22: Full navigation Wheel. 5. Turn layers on and off Using the Hide and Selection Tree functions, BIM Models, layers and objects can easily be turned on and off. The turned off layers will be grey in the Selection Tree (see Figure 23). It is also possible to turn on and off by highlighting objects in the BIM Model and then pressing Hide. Page 10 of 11

82 Figure 23: Selection Tree. Page 11 of 11