IOF Sprint Map Seminar Riga, 11 th /12 th March 2016

Transcription

1 IOF Sprint Map Seminar Riga, 11 th /12 th March 2016

2 Day 1 Sprint Clinic Riga 18:00-18:30 Introduction Thomas Gloor 18:30-19:15 Presentation - how to draw maps? Thomas Gloor 19:15 21:00 Correct usage of ISSOM 2007 symbols (discussion + presentation) Thomas Gloor 21:00 21:30 Discussion Thomas Gloor 2

3 Day 2 Sprint Clinic Riga 8:30 10:00 Analyzing Latvia sprint maps/ WOC experience Thomas Gloor 10:00 11:00 Coffee Break Thomas Gloor 10:15 11:00 Preparing for practical work Thomas Gloor 11:00 13:30 Practical work outside Thomas Gloor 13:30 14:15 Lunch 14:15 16:00 Analysis of drawn material Thomas Gloor 16:00 17:00 Discussion and closing of seminar Thomas Gloor 3

4 Introduction Riga, 11 th /12 th March 2016

5 Background Thomas Gloor Draftsman in Surveying Several O-Map Projects in USA and Switzerland as mapper Assistant at the Institute of Cartography ETH Zürich Member of Swiss Orienteering Map Commission since 1995 (Mapping Adviser) Member of IOF Map Commission since 2000 Project leader for ISSOM (2002 to 2007) Map Adviser for WOC 2010 (France) and WOC 2011 (Switzerland) and several Word Cup Finals (Sprint Maps)

6 What is sprint orienteering? Sprint orienteering is a fast, visible, easy-to-understand format, allowing orienteering to be staged within areas of significant population. The sprint profile is high speed. Sprint is built on very high speed running in very runnable parks, streets or forests. The winning time, for both women and men, shall be minutes [ISSOM 2007] Personal remark: Can anybody run in a forest in high speed?

7 International Sprint Specification (ISSOM) Map must be easy to read at fast running speed It should be possible to relocation instantaneously (legibility) Barriers are forbidden to cross The main running level of multilevel structures should be represented Intensive collaboration between course planner, mapmaker, event or/and map adviser

8 Choosing an attractive area No traffic or it must be possible to keep it off! Now crowded areas (pedestrian) Park areas, down town, narrow streets, simple under- and overpasses (with two levels) Ownership and permission issues (private areas, botanical gardens, etc.) Avoid multi-level constructions Cartography can represent only 2 levels (simple under- und underpasses) 8

9 Landowners Talk to landowners about: when you can use area restrictions on access to parts of area Closed/Open doors, gates, passages, etc. Evaluate planned new constructions 9

10 Make attractive courses (Course Setting) Short and long legs Change directions often and sharp Avoid tricky controls to provoke searching and unfair action by the competitors. The goal is to find the fastest way between controls and not finding the control flag itself! 10

11 How to draw maps? Riga, 11 th /12 th March 2016

12 Scale for Sprint Maps Running time min. 2,0 4 km max. 2.5 km 2 1: or 1: 5 000, no other scales! 2 or 2,5 m contour interval Size of the symbols are the same for both scales (no enlargement!) 12

13 Base map Vector data (DXF, SHP, OpenStreetMap) Check national survey authorities Up to date (georeferenced) aerial photos GoogleMap LiDAR data for contours Check national survey authorities Paper base map in scale from 1: to 1: Scan and do rubber sheeting Try to draw as much as possible at home! 13

14 Field Checking Start field checking only, if you know the concept of the courses If the base map is good enough, pacing and bearings are not necessary / using GPS in narrow street is difficult Expect some questions from passers-by be polite An urban map will need to be updated shortly before competition 14

15 Generalization A map with few well chosen features will give a much better map than a map cluttered with many insignificant features. Eduard Imhof (Famous Swiss Cartographer) Features that are not important for a competitor taking part in a sprint orienteering event should not be mapped. Examples of this are waste baskets, fire hydrants, parking meters and individual street lights [ISSOM 2007] 15

16 Generalization City of Basel, 2003, Switzerland 16

17 Map Drawing Drawing urban maps are very time consuming: 1 hour of field checking 2 hours of drawing Try not to overlap area symbols (pavement, open land, etc.) Topological correct (point, edge, areas) Changing things takes significantly more time than drawing from scratch Check pre-printed map against the fieldwork after each drawing session, then make corrections 17

18 Legibility - Gaps Importing digital vector data narrow streets are to narrow between buildings > 0.4 mm 18

19 Legibility - Limits of visual perception Resolution of the eye dpi 318 dpi If good contrast between map symbols and background is present, the human eye can: Recognize a fine black line of 0.04 mm thickness at a normal reading distance of 30cm Recognize an isolated point of approx. 0.1 mm in diameter Recognize an interval space of approx mm 19

20 Legibility Limits of visual perception Min. Viewlenght in a age of Min. Visual Range in cm 25 % Follow minimum dimensions Age in Years 20

21 Legibility Limits of visual perception Min. Viewlenght in a age of 100% Min. Visual Range in cm Correct usage of ISSOM 2007 symbols 50 % 25 % Follow minimum dimensions Age in Years 21

22 Excursus: Aim of Contour Lines? Represent the terrain in a 3D-modell (Pseudo 3D effect): Hachure Relief shading Contour lines and relief shading Contour lines Solution for Orienteering maps 22

23 Excursus: Aim of Contour Lines? Represent the terrain in a 3D-modell (Pseudo 3D effect): Hachure Relief shading Contour lines and relief shading Contour lines Solution for Orienteering maps 23

24 Excursus : Aim of Contour Lines? Represent the terrain in a 3D-modell (Pseudo 3D effect): An individual contour line does not state much. Only a number of adjacent contour lines show form an structure Interrelationships between adjacent contour lines among themselves have to be observed. Enlarge the map scale, the contour line interval has to adopted as well. The reduction of contour line interval does not follow in linear way 24

25 Excursus : Aim of Contour Lines? Contour lines interval depends on Scale Line width of contour lines Steepest slop in the terrain Logarithm function Fig. Eduard Imhof, Cartographic Relief Shading,

26 1: / 5m 26

27 1: / 5 m 27

28 1: / 2.5m 28

29 Correct usage of ISSOM 2007 symbols? Riga, 11 th /12 th March 2016

30 Contour Lines for Sprint Maps Contour line interval 2 m or 2.5 m (not 5 m!) Very flat terrain consider for 1 m Consider to avoid index contour lines in flat terrains Contour lines running trough buildings to order to improve 3D effect Cut contour lines off, when they running trough openings, stairs, passable wall, etc. Take care about the contour lines you are a cartographer! 30

31 Contour Lines Contour lines running trough buildings to improve 3D effect ETH Hönggerberg Campus 2012, Switzerland 31

32 Contour Lines Where does rainwater run down? ETH Hönggerberg Campus 2012, Switzerland 32

33 Contour Lines Where does rainwater run down? Aix-les-Bains, WOC

34 Contour Lines Place contour lines, where they not disturb map reading! Neue Welt, WC Final 2014, Switzerland 34

35 Contour Lines Place contour lines, where they not disturb map reading! 35

36 Rock and Boulders Differentiate rock from walls by using the tags 36

37 Water and Marsh Impassable and passable water Neue Welt, WC Final 2014, Switzerland 37

38 Vegetation Impassable vegetation Use only 60% green for passable hedges Use 100% green and 50% black for impassable hedges Do not use 30% and 100% green black for hedges Neue Welt, WC Final 2014, Switzerland 38

39 Paved Areas vs. Unpaved Areas A paved area is an area with a firm level surfaces such as asphalt, hard gravel, tiles, concrete or the like those types will not be differentiated, only the borderline 39

40 Paved Areas vs. Unpaved Areas An unpaved footpath or rough vehicle track is a way for passing mainly by foot, without a smooth, hard surface reduced runability 40

41 Small Unpaved Footpath or Track Not to be used in urban areas Neue Welt, WC Final 2014, Switzerland 41

42 Bridge (simple) Cut off neighbouring lines to bridges (legibility) recognizing the bridge symbol Neue Welt, WC Final 2014, Switzerland 42

43 Bridge and Overpasses (complex) Only two simple levels can be represented properly End tag of the bridge symbol should fit together Neue Welt, WC Final 2014, Switzerland 43

44 Railway / Tramway Replace Railway to Tramway, to emphasize the passage (legibility) 44

45 Railway / Tramway Mostly used in down town! 45

46 Step / Sidewalk Optical differences, edge of sidewalk and Step same symbol 46

47 Passable wall 47

48 Passable wall 48

49 Impassable wall 49

50 Passable Fence 50

51 Impassable Fence 51

52 Barriers that are forbidden to cross Features that are represented on the map as impassable, independently of their effective passability, shall not be crossed. Competitors who do not obey this rule must be disqualified. Crossing is not permitted because: Impossible to cross Unsafe to cross Forbidden by the organiser. This is often due to the law or by decisions of the landowner or other interested parties. 52

53 Buildings Dominant outstanding house front we be shown 53

54 Buildings Generalize Buildings 54

55 Buildings Significant height differences within houses will be shown 55

56 Canopies 56

57 Canopies 57

58 Prominent point features Prominent trees, small trees, bushes ; Or X, O: A feature which is significant or prominent that you choose; and define The definition of the symbol shall always be given in the map legend. Point features on sprint maps should: be few in number (unless other features are lacking); definable; consistently prominent. 58

59 Multilevel structures The cartographic representation of more than one level is in general impossible. You only have one sheet of paper! Hence only the main running level should be represented on the map. However, underground passages (e.g. underpasses, lighted tunnels) or overpasses (e.g. bridges), which are important for the competitors should be represented on the map. 59

60 Questions?

61 Thank You!