Prep TM Automated Extraction and Clean-up System for PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs

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1 Power-Prep Prep TM Automated Extraction and Clean-up System for PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs Jef Focant and Hamid Shirkhan Dioxin Lab. BELGIUM FMS Inc. USA

2 Dioxins Analysis! Extraction (Soxhlet, L-L, Micro-waves, SFE, ASE, SPE, )! Clean-up (Liquid chromatography)! Analysis (GC/MS, bio-assays, )

3 Power-prep System! Automated sample prep. System! PC controlled valves and pump! Modular system (1 to 20 samples in )! Stalling et al. paper based (Si, Al, C)! Disposable columns (1-25g packing)

4 Valves Driver Pump and Pressure Power supply Controller Valves

5 Gauge Silica 1 2 M3 1 2 M3 M2 Pump Hexane 2. 2% DCM 3. 50% DCM 4. EtAc/Benz 5. Toluene 1 2 M4 Carbon Sample Alumina 1 2 M4 M M6 2 M M M7 M5 1 2 M8 1. PCDD/Fs 2. PCB 3. Fraction 1 4. Fraction 2 5. Fraction 3 Organic waste

6 Multi-Matrix Matrix System! Biological (Patterson Jr., CDC)! Environmental (Rivera, Spain)! Food (De Pauw, Belgium)

7 PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Foodstuff! 95% of intake is via food! Dioxins are located in fat! Norm PCDD/Fs = 5 pg I-TEQ/g fat! Norm PCBs = 200 ng/g fat

8 Solid Samples (Meat, fish, dairy fat, eggs, )

9 Lipids Isolation! Sample Homogenisation (liquid N ) 2! Freeze-drying (overnight)! Grinding! ASE extraction (overnight)! Lipids determination and spiking

10 Background Levels Matrix Pork Horse Beef Poultry Eggs (yolk) Levels pg I-TEQ/g I fat

11 Required Amount of Fat Very low level of contamination ( 0.1 ppt) + LOQ (GC/IDHRMS( GC/IDHRMS) 0.1 ppt and recoveries <100% More than 1g fat is needed 4-55 g lipids are usually necessary

12 Clean-up (Fat Removal)! GPC is ϑ versatile and robust Λ a time limiting step!!! Power-Prep Prep is ϑ automated and rapid Λ limited to 1 g of fat... High Capacity Disposable Silica Columns (HCDS)

13 High Capacity Disposable Silica Columns (HCDS) Goal : GPC Increase the sample throughput Simplify the clean-up Properties : 28g acidic,, 16g basic, 6g neutral Disposable Part of PwP step

14 Si Al C HCDS

15 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD OCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDF 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF OCDF 3,3',4,4'-TCB 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDD 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD % Recoveries 0 Recoveries for QC HCDS GPC

16 QC Chart for «in-house QC» 5,2 GPC HCDS Concentration (ppt) 4,7 4,2 3,7 3, Run number

17 Quality Control HCDS GPC RSD (%) Trueness (%) Range [4-16] [88-107] Average Range [3-11] [87-101] Average 6 96! Same blank levels! No carry-over! No GC/MS differences

18 HCDS vs GPC for Eggs HCDS GPC 1 TCDD PeCDD HxCDD 1 HxCDD 2 HxCDD 3 HpCDD OCDD TCDF PeCDF 1 PeCDF 2 HxCDF 1 HxCDF 2 HxCDF 3 HxCDF 4 HpCDF1 OCDF PCB 77 PCB 126 PCB pgteq/g FAT

19 Liquid Samples (Milk, digested tissues, )

20 Upgrade to Extraction! The system is implemented to include online extraction prior to clean-up! SPE on C is 18 carried out! Additional valves and solvents (aqueous)! Drying under N pressure 2! Sample FAST clean extract

21 Sample pre-treatment! Milk reconstitution (powder sample) or digestion of sample (adipose)! Spike! Fat globules coalescence! Side lipid percent determination

22 Gauge M6 M3 Pump M2 1. Hexane 2. 2% DCM 3. 50% DCM 4. EtAc/Benz 5. Toluene C M3 M4 Nitrogen M1 Carbon Sample 1. Water 2. Acetonitrile 3. 50% DCM Air Aques waste 1 2 M4 M6 1 2 M6 1 2 Silica Alumina M4 M5 M5 M M6 2 1 M6 1 M7 1 2 M8 1. PCDD/Fs 2. PCB 3. Fraction 1 4. Fraction 2 5. Fraction 3 Organic waste

23 SPE

24 Real Milk Samples! Background : ~ pg TEQ/g fat! 40 ml full fat (3.6 %) 1.5 g lipids! Sample load volume ~ 150 ml! Drying 30 min./30 PSI N 2! Hexane elute C Classical 18 run

25 Recoveries for Milk SPE-PWP FLASH SPE 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD OCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDF 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF OCDF 3,3',4,4'-TCB 3,4,5,4'-TCB 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDD % Recoveries

26 Reference Material (RM ( 534) 4,00 3,50 Assigned Measured 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 2,3,7,8-TCDD 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDF 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF ~ 4 g reconstituted material Mean RSD ~ 5% pg/g powder

27 Certified Material (CRM( 607) BCR 607 Assigned Values Measured Values Conc. pg/g SD pg/g Mean SD pg/g RSD % Justness % 2,3,7,8 TCDD 0,25 0,03 0,34 0, ,2,3,7,8 PeCDD 0,79 0,04 1,03 0, ,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDD 0,42 0,07 0,40 0, ,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDD 0,98 0,11 0,98 0, ,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDD 0,34 0,05 0,37 0, ,3,7,8 TCDF 0,05 0,03 n.d. 1,2,3,7,8 PeCDF 0,05 0,01 n.d. 2,3,4,7,8 PeCDF 1,81 0,13 2,23 0, ,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDF 0,94 0,04 0,81 0, ,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDF 1,01 0,09 1,10 0, ,3,4,6,7,8 HxCDF 1,07 0,05 1,18 0, Total 7,71 0,23 8,43 0, ~ 8 g reconstituted material

28 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Manual vs Automated SPE-PWP FLASH SPE 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDF 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 2,3,7,8-TCDD ~ 8 g reconstituted CRM 607 pg/g powder

29 General Situation Fast Sampling 1 h Fast Extraction & clean-up 2 h Slow Concentration 15 h Fast GC/MS analysis 1 h

30 System Evaluation! Repeatability (Acceptable RSD s)! Reproducibility (over time and personnel)! Robustness Solids : Eggs, pork, beef, poultry, mackerel, sperm whale, dairy fat, ) Liquids : Milk, serum (CDC),...

31 Conclusions! Automated extraction AND clean-up! Versatility (matrix, analytes)! Increased sample throughput! Reduced solvent consumption! Short personnel training

32 Acknowledgments! All the lab. staff! F.R.I.A. for financial support! FMS Inc. for collaboration! Thermo Finnigan MAT for symposium

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