FAPAS Report Pesticide Residues in Green Tea. January February Page 1 of 32

Transcription

1 FAPAS Report Pesticide Residues in Green Tea N O T C O N TR O LL ED W H EN PR IN TE D January February 2014 Page 1 of 32

2 PARTICIPANT LABORATORY NUMBER Participants can log in to FAPAS SecureWeb at any time to obtain their for this proficiency test. Laboratory numbers are displayed in SecureWeb next to the download link for this report. REPORT INTEGRITY FAPAS reports are distributed as Adobe Certified Document Services (CDS) Adobe PDF documents [1]. The use of Adobe CDS allows the PDF files to certify that the author of the report is FAPAS and that the document has not been altered in anyway. A blue ribbon and information bar indicates this validation when the document is opened using Adobe Reader v7 or later. Hard copies of FAPAS reports can never incorporate this level of integrity and consequently when a FAPAS report is printed a watermark, stating that printed copies are not controlled, appears on every page. End users of FAPAS reports should ensure that either the opened PDF file displays a valid FAPAS digital signature or that the content of any hard copy exactly matches the content of a PDF file that displays a valid FAPAS digital signature. QUALITY SYSTEMS FAPAS is accredited by UKAS as complying with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17043:2010 [2]. The Food and Environment Research Agency is an ISO 9001 certified organisation. DEFRA hereby excludes all liability for any claim, loss, demands or damages of any kind whatsoever (whether such claims, loss, demands or damages were foreseeable, known or otherwise) arising out of or in connection with the preparation of any technical or scientific report, including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage; loss of actual or anticipated profits (including loss of profits on contracts); loss of revenue; loss of business; loss of opportunity; loss of anticipated savings; loss of goodwill; loss of reputation; loss or damage to or corruption of data; loss of use of money or otherwise, and whether or not advised of the possibility of such claim, loss demand or damages and whether arising in tort (including negligence), contract or otherwise. This statement does not affect your statutory rights. Nothing in this disclaimer excludes or limits DEFRA s liability for: (a) death or personal injury caused by DEFRA s negligence (or that of its employees, agents or directors); or (b) the tort of deceit; [or (c) any breach of the obligations implied by Sale of Goods Act 1979 or Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (including those relating to the title, fitness for purpose and satisfactory quality of goods);] or (d) any liability which may not be limited or excluded by law (e) fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation. The parties agree that any matters are governed by English law and irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts. Crown Copyright Page 2 of 32

3 SUMMARY 1. The test material for FAPAS proficiency test was dispatched in January Each participant received a green tea test material. 2. From a list of 43 pesticide residues, participants had to identify and quantify those present. The test material contained acetamiprid, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos (-ethyl), cyhalothrin-lambda, pp -DDE and fenpropathrin. 3. An assigned value (x a ) was determined for each analyte and in conjunction with the standard deviation for proficiency (σ p ) was used to calculate a z-score for each result. 4. Results for this proficiency test are summarised as follows: analyte assigned value, x a µg/kg number of scores, total number % z 2 z 2 of scores acetamiprid bifenthrin chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) cyhalothrin-lambda pp'-dde fenpropathrin Surplus test materials are available for sale, see APPENDIX II. Page 3 of 32

4 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Proficiency Testing 5 2. TEST MATERIAL Preparation and Screening Homogeneity Dispatch 5 3. RESULTS 5 4. STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF RESULTS Calculation of the Assigned Value, x a Standard Deviation for Proficiency, σ p Individual z-scores 7 5. INTERPRETATION OF SCORES 7 6. REFERENCES 8 TABLES Table 1: Results and z-scores for Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin and Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) 9 Table 2: Results and z-scores for Cyhalothrin-lambda, pp -DDE and Fenpropathrin 12 Table 3: Additional Pesticide Residues Reported 15 Table 4: Participants Comments 15 Table 5: Assigned Values and Standard Deviations for Proficiency 15 Table 6: Number and Percentage of z-scores where z 2 16 FIGURES Figure 1: z-scores for Acetamiprid 17 Figure 2: z-scores for Bifenthrin 18 Figure 3: z-scores for Chlorpyrifos (-Ethyl) 19 Figure 4: z-scores for Cyhalothrin-lambda 20 Figure 5: z-scores for pp -DDE 21 Figure 6: z-scores for Fenpropathrin 22 APPENDICES APPENDIX I: Analytical Methods Used by Participants 23 APPENDIX II: FAPAS SecureWeb, Protocol and Contact Details 32 Page 4 of 32

5 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Proficiency Testing Proficiency testing aims to provide an independent assessment of the competence of participating laboratories. Together with the use of validated methods, proficiency testing is an essential element of laboratory quality assurance. Further details of the FAPAS proficiency testing scheme are available in our protocols [3, 4]. 2. TEST MATERIAL 2.1. Preparation and Screening Preparation of the samples for this proficiency test was sub-contracted to a laboratory meeting the quality requirements of the scheme s accreditation [2]. The test material was prepared from organic green tea. The spiked and blank test materials were both prepared from the same bulk material. Sub-samples were taken to screen for the possible presence of incurred residues. No incurred residues were detected at, or above, 25 μg/kg. Acetamiprid, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos (-ethyl), cyhalothrin-lambda, pp -DDE and fenpropathrin were spiked into the test material. Samples were stored at -20 C until dispatch Homogeneity To test for homogeneity, randomly selected test materials were analysed in duplicate. Testing was sub-contracted to a laboratory meeting the quality requirements of the scheme s accreditation [2]. These data showed sufficient homogeneity and were not included in the subsequent calculation of the assigned values Dispatch The start date was 09 January Test materials were sent to 73 participants. 3. RESULTS The instructions for reporting results were as follows: Determine the level of pesticide residues present in the test material, in µg/kg, as received, uncorrected for recovery, together with the percentage recovery and limit of quantification (LoQ). All pesticide residues are to be reported as the parent compound only, unless specified otherwise on the results form. Results were submitted by 69 participants (95%) before the closing date for this test, 20 February Page 5 of 32

6 Each participant was given a, assigned in order of receipt of results. The reported analyte concentrations are given in Table 1 for acetamiprid, bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) and in Table 2 for cyhalothrin-lambda, pp -DDE and fenpropathrin. If a participant analysed for a pesticide residue that was in the test material, but did not identify it, and their limit of quantification was below the level needed for a z-score of -3.0, they were assessed as if their result was zero. If a participant analysed for a pesticide residue that was in the test material, but did not identify it and their LoQ was above the level needed for a z-score of -3.0, then the result was recorded as <LoQ. Any participant identifying pesticide residues other than acetamiprid, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos (-ethyl), cyhalothrin-lambda, pp -DDE and fenpropathrin at levels above 25 μg/kg is listed in Table 3. Participants comments are given in Table 4. The analytical methods used by each participant are summarised in APPENDIX I. 4. STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF RESULTS The results submitted by participants were statistically analysed in order to provide an assigned value for each analyte. The assigned values were then used in combination with the standard deviation for proficiency, σ p, to calculate a z-score for each result. The procedure follows that recommended in the IUPAC International Harmonised Protocol for the Proficiency Testing of Analytical Chemistry Laboratories [5]. Further details on the procedure followed can be found in the relevant protocols [3, 4] Calculation of the Assigned Value, x a The assigned value, x a, for each analyte was derived from the consensus of the results submitted by participants. The following results were excluded from the calculation of the assigned value: i) results reported as approximately 10, 100 or 1000 greater or smaller than the majority of submitted results (as these were considered to be reporting errors), ii) results where no percentage recovery was reported, iii) results whose recovery was outside the range % [6], iv) results where no limit of quantification was reported, v) results less than the reported LoQ. For all analytes, this procedure was straightforward and the robust mean was chosen as the assigned value. The assigned values for all analytes are shown in Table Standard Deviation for Proficiency, σ p The standard deviation for proficiency, σ p, was set at a value that reflects best practice for the analyses in question. For all analytes, σ p was derived from the appropriate form of the Horwitz equation [7]. The values for σ p used to calculate z-scores from the reported results of this test are given in Table 5. Page 6 of 32

7 4.3. Individual z-scores Participants z-scores were calculated as: ( x z = σ p x a ) where x = the participant s reported result, x a = the assigned value and σ p = the standard deviation for proficiency. Participants z-scores for all analytes are given in Table 1 and Table 2 and shown as histograms in Figures 1 6. It is possible for the z-scores published in this report to differ slightly from the z-score that can be calculated using the formula given above. These differences arise from the necessary rounding of the actual assigned values and standard deviations for proficiency prior to their publication in Table 5. The number and percentage of z-scores in the range -2 z 2 for all analytes are given in Table INTERPRETATION OF SCORES In normal circumstances, over time, about 95% of z-scores will lie in the range -2 z 2. Occasional scores in the range 2 < z <3 are to be expected, at a rate of 1 in 20. Whether or not such scores are of importance can only be decided by considering them in the context of the other scores obtained by that laboratory. Scores where z >3 are to be expected at a rate of about 1 in 300. Given this rarity, such z-scores very strongly indicate that the result is not fit-for-purpose and almost certainly requires investigation. The consideration of a set or sequence of z-scores over time provides more useful information than a single z-score. Examples of suitable methods of comparison are provided in the IUPAC International Harmonised Protocol for the Proficiency Testing of Analytical Chemistry Laboratories [5]. Page 7 of 32

8 6. REFERENCES 1 Adobe Certified Document Services, accessed 08/05/ ISO/IEC 17043:2010, Conformity assessment General requirements for proficiency testing. 3 FAPAS, 2012, Protocol for Proficiency Testing Schemes, Part 1 Common Principles, Version 3, Issued January FAPAS, 2012, Protocol for Proficiency Testing Schemes, Part 2 FAPAS, Version 2, Issued January Thompson, M., Ellison, S.L.R. and Wood, R., 2006, The International Harmonised Protocol for the Proficiency Testing of Analytical Chemistry Laboratories, Pure Appl. Chem., 78, No. 1, Analytical Quality Control and Validation Procedures for Pesticide Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, Document No. SANCO/12571/ Thompson, M., 2000, Recent trends in inter-laboratory precision at ppb and sub-ppb concentrations in relation to fitness for purpose criteria in proficiency testing, Analyst, 125, Page 8 of 32

9 Table 1: Results and z-scores for Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin and Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) laboratory number analyte acetamiprid bifenthrin chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) assigned value 89.4 μg/kg assigned value μg/kg assigned value μg/kg result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg # # # # # # # # # # 013 # # 014 # # # # # # = not analysed z-scores outside z >2 are shown in bold, see Section 5 Page 9 of 32

10 Table 1 (continued): Results and z-scores for Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin and Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) laboratory number analyte acetamiprid bifenthrin chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) assigned value 89.4 μg/kg assigned value μg/kg assigned value μg/kg result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # = not analysed z-scores outside z >2 are shown in bold, see Section 5 Page 10 of 32

11 Table 1 (continued): Results and z-scores for Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin and Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) laboratory number analyte acetamiprid bifenthrin chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) assigned value 89.4 μg/kg assigned value μg/kg assigned value μg/kg result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg 057 # # # # # # # # # # = not analysed z-scores outside z >2 are shown in bold, see Section 5 Page 11 of 32

12 Table 2: Results and z-scores for Cyhalothrin-lambda, pp -DDE and Fenpropathrin laboratory number analyte cyhalothrin-lambda pp -DDE fenpropathrin assigned value μg/kg assigned value 83.6 μg/kg assigned value 89.1 μg/kg result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg # # # 008 # # # # # # 017 # # # # = not analysed z-scores outside z >2 are shown in bold, see Section 5 Page 12 of 32

13 Table 2 (continued): Results and z-scores for Cyhalothrin-lambda, pp -DDE and Fenpropathrin laboratory number analyte cyhalothrin-lambda pp -DDE fenpropathrin assigned value μg/kg assigned value 83.6 μg/kg assigned value 89.1 μg/kg result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg # <LOQ # 034 # # # # # # # # # # # = not analysed z-scores outside z >2 are shown in bold, see Section 5 Page 13 of 32

14 Table 2 (continued): Results and z-scores for Cyhalothrin-lambda, pp -DDE and Fenpropathrin laboratory number analyte cyhalothrin-lambda pp -DDE fenpropathrin assigned value μg/kg assigned value 83.6 μg/kg assigned value 89.1 μg/kg result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score result recovery LoQ z-score μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg μg/kg % μg/kg # # # # # = not analysed z-scores outside z >2 are shown in bold, see Section 5 Page 14 of 32

15 Table 3: Additional Pesticide Residues Reported pesticide residue >25 μg/kg result recovery LoQ μg/kg % μg/kg 006 dicofol Table 4: Participants Comments participant number comments 006 Dicofol was detected in Blank (19162b) also. The result of dicofol is found to be the same in Blank & Sample. We have reported the value of sample (19162) as such without detecting from Blank (19162b). 019 Firstly, for we only have the Cyhalothrin standard including two isomers, so the accrucy result of this pesticide can not be provided. Secondly, some pesticide residues not reported were found at around 10ug/kg both in the blank and tested samples. 064 Traces of pp -DDT were detected. comments are as submitted by participants Table 5: analyte Assigned Values and Standard Deviations for Proficiency data points, n assigned value, x a, μg/kg uncertainty, u standard deviation for proficiency, σ p, μg/kg acetamiprid Horwitz [7] 19.7 bifenthrin Horwitz [7] 24.0 chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) Horwitz [7] 24.8 cyhalothrin-lambda Horwitz [7] 26.7 pp'-dde Horwitz [7] 18.4 fenpropathrin Horwitz [7] 19.6 Page 15 of 32

16 Table 6: Number and Percentage of z-scores where z 2 analyte number of scores where z 2 total number of scores % z 2 acetamiprid bifenthrin chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) cyhalothrin-lambda pp'-dde fenpropathrin Page 16 of 32

17 z-score Laboratory Number µg/kg 89.4 µg/kg 50.0 µg/kg Figure 1: z-scores for Acetamiprid Page 17 of 32

18 z-score Laboratory Number µg/kg µg/kg 61.0 µg/kg Figure 2: z-scores for Bifenthrin Page 18 of 32

19 z-score Laboratory Number µg/kg µg/kg 63.1 µg/kg Figure 3: z-scores for Chlorpyrifos (-Ethyl) Page 19 of 32

20 z-score Laboratory Number µg/kg µg/kg 68.1 µg/kg Figure 4: z-scores for Cyhalothrin-lambda Page 20 of 32

21 z-score Laboratory Number µg/kg 83.6 µg/kg 46.8 µg/kg Figure 5: z-scores for pp -DDE Page 21 of 32

22 z-score Laboratory Number µg/kg 89.1 µg/kg 49.9 µg/kg Figure 6: z-scores for Fenpropathrin Page 22 of 32

23 APPENDIX I: Analytical Methods Used by Participants Methods are tabulated according to the information supplied by participants, but some responses may have been combined or edited for clarity. Accredited Method Used yes no Method Basis International Standard National Standard Paper Published In An International Journal Manufacturer/Kit Instructions/Technical Note In house method Quoted Percentage Recovery Measured in Same Analytical Batch as Test Material yes no If Measured in This Batch, Stage At Which The Spike Was Added prior to extraction prior to instrument measurement 028 Concentration of Spike (µg/kg) 1 - < < < < < Page 23 of 32

24 Composition of Blank Commodity used for Spiking green tea blank provided green tea test material provided green tea 003 in house blank material Calibration standard addition matrix-matched solvent multi-level single-level Internal Standard Added yes no Internal Standard Used 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene 016 2,4,5-T-1 butyl ester 014 2,4,6-trichloroanisole 010 AD5 050 aldrin 065 anthracene 028 anthracene-d bromophos-methyl carbaryl-d chlorpyrifos-d chrysene-d diffrent deuterated pesticides/isotopic labelled ethephon-d4 029 flucythrinate 010 isoproturon-d6 049 octachlorostyrene 049 PCB 060 PCB PCB PCB phosalone 036 p-terphenyl-d sulfotep 055 TDCPP 061 Page 24 of 32

25 Internal Standard Used (continued) tetraphenylethylene 047 thionazin 014 triphenylphosphate, TPP only to check extraction efficiency 054 GC Method: Sample Weight (g) < < < GC Method: Extraction Solvent Components acetone acetonitrile cyclohexane dichloromethane ethanol 010 ethyl acetate hexane methylene chloride 041 petroleum ether toluene 010 water 017 GC Method: Extraction ph Adjusted yes no GC Method: Extraction Techniques Used accelerated solvent extraction/ase blending 053 centrifuge 041 extraction at elevated pressure homogenization 040 liquid-liquid partition macerate at room temperature modified QuEChERS 010 Page 25 of 32

26 GC Method: Extraction Techniques Used (continued) QuEChERS shaking 041 soxhlet extraction 003 GC Method: Sample Clean-up Technique GPC/HPGPC liquid-liquid partition solid phase extraction (SPE) (column/cartridge) solid phase extraction (SPE) (dispersive) alumina column 053 Column Chromatography 014 column with florisil 056 mini-silica gel column 054 MKS 051 packed column 033 none GC Method: SPE Sorbent Type Bio Beads 023 C calcium chloride and carbon 028 ENVCarb+NH2 034 Envicarb/GCB florisil GC,PSA & Si 032 magnesium sulphate 007 MgO3.6SiO2 018 MgS04; PSA; Activated Carbon 010 mixed mode PSA PSA, C PSA, carbon 001 PSA, GCB & C silica gel TPT 040 GC Method: GC Column Packing 100% methyl polysiloxane % methyl 5% phenyl polysiloxane % dimethyl polysiloxane 5% diphenyl % methyl 35% phenyl polysiloxane % methyl 50% phenyl polysiloxane Page 26 of 32

27 GC Method: GC Column Packing (continued) 6% cyanopropylphenyl 94% dimethylpolysiloxane 14% cyanopropylphenyl 86% dimethylpolysiloxane GC Method: GC Detector Type ECD FPD FPD 014 MS MS-MS Negative CI - MS 010 NPD PFPD 067 TOF 002 LC Method: Sample Weight (g) 1 - < < < LC Method: Extraction Solvent Components acetic acid 1% 010 acetone 051 acetonitrile cyclohexane 051 ethyl acetate HCOOH 1% 029 methanol petroleum ether 015 water LC Method: Extraction ph Adjusted yes no Page 27 of 32

28 LC Method: Extraction Techniques Used macerate at room temperature macerate at elevated temperature QuEChERS liquid-liquid partition extraction at elevated pressure 051 modified QuEChERS 010 LC Method: Sample Clean-up Technique GPC/HPGPC 051 liquid-liquid partition solid phase extraction (SPE) (column/cartridge) solid phase extraction (SPE) (dispersive) none LC Method: SPE Sorbent Type C calcium chloride and carbon 028 ChemElut 064 diatomaceous earth 003 Envicarb/GCB GC/PSA 032 Mixed Mode NH2 018 PSA PSA 023 PSA, activated carbon 010 PSA, C PSA, carbon 001 PSA, GCB & C LC Method: HPLC Column Packing C C8 049 Mixed Mode 023 BEH phenyl UPLC column 010 Merck ZIC -philic column 029 LC method: Mobile Phase Components acetic acid acetonitrile ammonium acetate ammonium formate formic acid Page 28 of 32

29 LC method: Mobile Phase Components (continued) methanol water LC Method: Detector Type MS-MS Acetamiprid Method Principle GC LC Identification by Mass Spectrometry yes Bifenthrin Method Principle GC LC Identification by Mass Spectrometry yes no Page 29 of 32

30 Chlorpyrifos(-ethyl) Method Principle GC LC Identification by Mass Spectrometry yes no lambda-cyhalothrin Method Principle GC LC Identification by Mass Spectrometry yes no pp'-dde Method Principle GC Identification by Mass Spectrometry yes no Page 30 of 32

31 Fenpropathrin Method Principle GC LC Identification by Mass Spectrometry yes no Page 31 of 32

32 APPENDIX II: FAPAS SecureWeb, Protocol and Contact Details 1. FAPAS SECUREWEB Access to the secure area of our website is only available to participants in our proficiency tests. Please contact us if you require a UserID and Password. FAPAS SecureWeb allows participants to: Obtain their s for the proficiency tests in which they have participated. View the results they submitted in past and current proficiency tests. Submit their results and methods for current tests. Review future tests they have ordered. Order proficiency tests and quality control materials. Freely download copies of reports (PDF file), of proficiency tests in which they have participated. View charts of their z-scores obtained in previous FAPAS proficiency tests. 2. PROTOCOL The Protocols [3, 4] set out how FAPAS is organised. Copies can be downloaded from our website. 3. CONTACT DETAILS This report was prepared and authorised on behalf of FAPAS by Michael Knaggs (Round Coordinator). Participants with any comments or concerns about this proficiency test should contact: FAPAS The Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ UK Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) info@fapas.com testmaterials@fapas.com Page 32 of 32