Integrating Social and Technical Systems

Transcription

1 Industry Socio-Tech System Study IT Auto Industry System Study ( v1.0) Integrating Social and Technical 9/12/

2 Overview and Expected Outcomes Unit 1 Overview Welcome and overview The big picture Social and technical framework Exercise: Focus on the Seven Wastes and the 5 S s Sample Socio-Tech Implementation Exercise: Cellular esign Socio-Tech Analysis Conclusion Expected outcomes Awareness of shifts in social and technical systems over time Understanding of the interdependency between social and technical systems Identification of potential guiding principles for designing, implementing and sustaining change in social and technical aspects of new work systems 9/12/

3 The Big Picture Social Technical Craft Production ecentralized Enterprises Custom anufacture astery of Craft Specialized Tools ass Production Vertical Hierarchies Assembly ine Scientific management Interchangeable Parts Knowledge-riven Network Alliances Work Flexible Specialization Team-Based Work Information Adapted from: Knowledge-riven Work: Unexpected essons from Japanese and United States Work Practices (Oxford University Press, 1998) 9/12/

4 Sample Social System Transformation Initiatives Socio-Technical Work s-1980s Employee Involvement/QW ate 1970s-1990s Total Quality anagement Early 1980s-1990s Re-engineering s Six Sigma s-present ean Production/Enterprise s-present Semi-autonomous teams EI/QW groups (off-line) Quality circles (off-line) Work-out events (off-line) Black belt let project teams (off-line) ean production teams/integrated product & Process teams 9/12/

5 Sample Social and Technical Framework Physical / Natural Economic + Contextual * Political / Societal Social / Organizational Structure & Sub- Social Interaction Processes + Capability & otivation Complexity + Uncertainty achines (Equipment & New Technology) ethods (Processes) + Technical aterials (Components & Supply Chain) Fragile/Robust Interrelationships Producing, Over Time, Outcomes for ultiple Stakeholders Customers... Workforce... Shareholders... Suppliers... Society * Note: Context boundaries vary as appropriate with the systems under consideration Feedback 9/12/

6 Focus on Social / Organizational Structure & Sub- Structure roups Organizations Institutions Sub- Communications Information Rewards & reinforcement Selection & retention earning and feedback Conflict resolution Structure & Sub- Social Interaction Processes + Capability & otivation Social Interaction Processes eadership Negotiations Problem-solving ecision-making Partnership Capability & otivation Individual knowledge, skills & ability roup stages of development Fear, satisfaction and commitment 9/12/

7 Focus on Technical achines (Equipment & New Technology) Equipment and machinery Physical infrastructure Information technology Nano-technology, bio-technology, and other developments at the frontiers of science achines (Equipment & New Technology) ethods (Processes) + aterials (Components & Supply Chain) ethods (Processes) Job design/office design Work flow/process mapping methods Value stream mapping Constraint analysis Statistical Process Control (SPC) System optimization and decomposition methods aterials (Components & Supply Chain) Assembly Interchangeable parts and mass production systems ogistics Just-In- Time delivery (JIT) systems and Synchronous material flow systems e-commerce and supply chains 9/12/

8 Focus on Contextual Economic arkets Incentives Trade relations Public, private, and non-profit sectors Industry structures Product/firm/industry life-cycles Externalities and other market failures * Note: Context boundaries vary as appropriate with the systems under consideration Physical / Natural Economic + Contextual * Political / Societal Physical / Natural Atmospheric systems eo-thermal systems Aqueous systems Biological systems Chemical systems Bio-chemical systems Sub-atomic systems aws of physics Extra-terrestrial systems Political / Societal Regulatory systems Standards and protocols Institutional arrangements History Cultures and subcultures Values and assumptions 9/12/

9 Exercise: The Seven Wastes and the Five S ss The Seven Wastes Over Production Waiting Transportation Inventory Processing otion efects The Five S s Simplify or Sort Straighten or Simplify Scrub or Shine Stabilize or Standardize Sustain or Self- iscipline How are social and technical systems interdependent when it comes to addressing the Seven Waste? How are they interdependent when it comes to the 5S s? 9/12/

10 Sample Socio-Tech Implementation WK1 WK2 WK3 WK4 WK5 WK6 WK7 WK8 WK9 WK10WK11WK12 WK13WK14WK15WK16 Team Vender FPS Work roup Error Building Technical easurables Selection Proofing Work roup Training Training Training Training Coordinator Selection Social Path Preliminary Work Cell esign Socio-Tech Path FPS easurables Input/Feedback System esign SF Inventory and Order Estimates FPS easurables Input/Feedback System Staffing Finalized Work Cell esign Test Production aunch Technical Path Equipment Vender Interviews Equipment Vender Selection Rack Size Calculation Equipment and Rack Installation Error Proofing Installation Adapted from IT Sloan Fellows thesis by Sean Hilburt 9/12/

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14 Exercise: Cellular anufacturing Socio-Tech Analysis Step 1: roup Formation and Stakeholder Analysis Form small groups of 2-3 people (individuals at remote locations may link by phone), study the current state and desired state illustrations on a hypothetical cellular manufacturing intervention (next slide), and list stakeholders involved in your phase of this intervention. Note: Some groups will be assigned to Preparing, Implementing, and Sustaining phases of this intervention Step 2: Social Identify the most important social system changes in this work system that are relevant to your phase of the intervention. Step 3: Technical Identify the most important technical changes in this work system that are relevant to your phase of the intervention. Step 4: Integration and uiding Principles iscuss ways in which the social and technical changes are or are not interdependent. erive 1-3 uiding Principles for implementing a systems change of this type. 9/12/

15 Exercise: Cellular anufacturing Receiving, Incoming Inspection, and Shipping 13 Final Assembly Center 12 Inspection and Test Center 1 Heat Treat 11 Injection olding Center 2 C 4 9 Component Subassembly achining 3 5 Center10 7 C 6 8 Current State esired State Receiving, Incoming Inspection, and Shipping Injection olding Center C C Work Flow Heat Treat Source: ean Aerospace Initiative Fieldbook 9/12/

16 Revisit the Social and Technical Framework Physical / Natural Economic + Contextual * Political / Societal Social / Organizational Structure & Sub- Social Interaction Processes + Capability & otivation Complexity + Uncertainty achines (Equipment & New Technology) ethods (Processes) + Technical aterials (Components & Supply Chain) Fragile/Robust Interrelationships Producing, Over Time, Outcomes for ultiple Stakeholders Customers... Workforce... Shareholders... Suppliers... Society * Note: Context boundaries vary as appropriate with the systems under consideration Feedback 9/12/

17 Conclusion A unique historical moment The constant challenge and opportunity presented by social and technical interdependency A fragile foundation for a global transformation 9/12/

18 Appendix: Japanese odel of Production System and Humanware rowth Profits ow Price High Quality ow Inventory Cost ow abor Cost ow efects J-I-T Production System Small ot Even Flow ow Buffer Stock Continuous Adjustment of abor Input Human Control Reduced Set- Up Time Self- anagement of Work Standards Self- Inspection Skill Adaptability otivation Corporate oals System Outcomes Key Features of Production System Key Areas of Human Resource Involvement Human Resource Effectiveness Source HaruoShimada and John Paul acuffie, Industrial Relations and Humanware (Slaon School of anagement Work Paper, September, 1986) 9/12/