MEthane Remote sensing LIdar mission COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
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1 CNES CNES/Photon/ill.Michel Regy, 2013 MEthane Remote sensing LIdar mission COPUOS, Vienna June MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
2 CNES Climate Change Temperature Increase over the Earth Rising sea level Decreases in snow and ice extent (IPCC report, 2007) Climate protection measures require climate research. 2 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
3 CNES Scientific Background CH4 is second most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) that is 25 times larger than that of CO2 Strongest change in concentration due to human activities led to doubling of its abundance since pre-industrial times whilst CO2 increased by 30%, "only" Anthropogenic emissions from gas leaks and incomplete combustions are much more uncertain than man-made emissions of CO2 The climate impact of the reservoir of CH 4 in Arctic permafrost is an important unknown in modelling future climate Atmospheric concentration of methane and corresponding radiative forcing over the last 10,000 years taken from ice core and atmospheric samples (red lines) IPCC, MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
4 Sources & Sinks of methane CNES TgCH4/yr natural sources anthropogenic sources Major sink: CH4+OH -> H2O+CH3 Methane is emitted by natural and anthropogenic sources. Uncertain to a factor of 2 for individual sources (IPCC, 2007) 4 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
5 MERLIN Mission MEthane Remote Sensing LIdar MissioN DLR Political Background Decision by Sarkozy/Merkel to develop and launch a joint Franco-German methane monitoring mission (Franco-German Agenda 2020, Feb. 2010). Mission Objectives Primary High accurate space-borne measurements of spatial and temporal variability of total atmospheric methane amount Inverse models to achieve methane fluxes (emissions) & errors Secondary (tentatively) Surface properties & Vegetation Contribution to cloud/aerosol data base (Source: DLR) 5 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
6 MERLIN Facts DLR Low Earth orbit satellite for global methane column measurements Measurement principle: Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR in the near IR using pulsed laser transmitter and range-gated receiver in nadir-viewing mode First space-borne system Franco-German cooperation (CNES & DLR Space Administration): MYRIADE Evolutions platform, satellite operation, launch, F part of payload ground segment IPDA LIDAR system, G part of payload ground segment Main data product: Column-weighted dry-air mixing ratios of methane, over satellite sub-track. Satellite class: Small satellite (CNES MYRIADE Evolutions platform) Launch date: 2017 (3 years mission) Mission status: Phase B 6 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
7 Why active Space-borne Measurements? DLR GOSAT A-SCOPE A-SCOPE SPACE-CH4 GOSAT MERLIN cloudy boundary layer Scattering layer F.-M. Breon (pers. Comm) Active instruments much less sensitive to biases than passive instruments Allows separation between contributions of surface and atmospheric scattering layers allows to sound in cloud holes and through thin cirrus layers enables measurements at day and night time (high latitude coverage) 7 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
8 MERLIN System Architecture CNES Satellite (Platform Payload) Command Telemetry Control Ground Segment Payload Ground Segment Payload Operation Centre Payload Expertise Payload Commanding & Monitoring Launcher Earth Terminals Command & Control Centre Numerical System Simulator Exchange Payload Data Processing & Delivery Payload Data Delivery Exchange Users Scientific Processing Expertise (Source: CNES) 8 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
9 MERLIN Methane Lidar Instrument DLR Receiving Telecope X-band antenna Sun sensor Star Tracker Laser Beam Expanding Telescope Radiators Frequency Reference Unit 9 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013 Laser
10 Scientific Precision & Bias requirements on global Methane Mixing Ratio Measurements MERLIN mission CNES 10 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
11 CNES MERLIN Data Levels Official MERLIN data base: Free access for scientific experts: L0 (Raw data) L1 (calibrated measurement intensities, Slant DAOD along the line of sight) Free access for users: Atmospheric/geophysical data: L2 (surface scattering elevation, DAOD, XCH4) L3 (global methane maps) Outside the official MERLIN data base: L4 (global Methane fluxes). Value adding (i.e. canopy/cloud heights) 11 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
12 Evolution of atmospheric mixing ratio (in ppbv) in the tropical region (July 2007 to December 2010). CNES 12 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
13 Level 4: Global Methane Flux DLR January 2011 (SCIAMACHY & ground-based data) (Source: MACC-II project) July 2011 (SCIAMACHY & ground-based data) 13 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
14 Expected methane flux knowledge improvement by MERLIN data DLR M. Heimann, J. Marshall, MPI-BGC, Jena; C.Kiemle, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany 1-σ Merlin /σ prior Improvement (%) MERLIN Substantial accuracy improvement with respect to the present knowledge of methane fluxes on regional scale 14 MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013
15 DLR MERLIN DLR contact: Matthias Alpers Earth Observation Dept. DLR Space Administration to be launched in 2017 CNES/Photon/ill.Michel Regy, MERLIN COPUOS, Vienna June 2013 CNES contact: Bruno Millet DCT/PO/EV CNES Toulouse
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