Satellitengestütztes Atmosphärenmonitoring inkl. Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von Copernicus Sentinel Satelliten Heinrich Bovensmann Institut für
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1 Satellitengestütztes Atmosphärenmonitoring inkl. Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von Copernicus Sentinel Satelliten Heinrich Bovensmann Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Bremen Mit Beiträgen von: Andreas Richter (IUP), John P. Burrows (IUP), Thomas Wagner (MPI Mainz), Paul Ingmann (ESA), Ben Veihelmann (ESA)
2 IUP, University of Bremen and Sentinel 5P/ 5/ 4 SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT Sentinel 5 Precursor GOME on ERS 2 GOME 2 METOP OMI Sentinel 5 on METOP SG Global Air Quality Contellation GeoSCIA Concept UVN Concept Sentinel 4 on MTG GHG Airborne (passive) CarbonSat Development EU /ESA CO 2 Mission Carbon Constellation Advisory Groups: SCIAMACHY, GOME, MTG, GMES, Sentinel 5P, Sentinel 4/ 5, CarbonSat etc. Expertise: remote sensing of atmospheric composition (Ozone, pollutants, greenhouse gases) using solar absorption spectroscopy (240 nm to 2400 nm, ground based, airborne, satellite) and its interpretation. heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 2
3 Satellite NO 2 Measurements: Principle DOAS-Analysis Slant Column Tropospheric Slant Column Radiative Transfer Model Airmass Factor Tropospheric Vertical Column heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 3
4 Satellite NO 2 Measurements: Example anthropogenic pollution biomass burning ships transport heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 4 4
5 SCIAMACHY NO 2 shows large changes in air pollution (Hilboll et al., ACP 2013, doi: /acp ) Nitrogen dioxide from anthropogenic pollution has been increasing in Asia and decreasing in Europe, Japan and the US Hilboll, A., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: Long-term changes of tropospheric NO 2 over megacities derived from multiple satellite instruments, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, , doi: /acp , 2013 Strong economic growth in Asia and Middle East increases NOx emissions Environmental regulations, cleaner fuel and economic troubles reduce NOx emissions in Europe and the US Downward trend has slowed down in Europe after 2002 but accelerated in the US heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 5
6 NO 2 Trends: Comparison with bottom up emission estimates GOME and SCIAMACHY EDGAR v4.2 Overall pattern in emission data base is correct Increase in China is underestimated Increase in India and Middle East is overestimated Decrease in Europe / US is underestimated Hilboll, A., Richter, A., and Burrows, J. P.: Long-term changes of tropospheric NO 2 over megacities derived from multiple satellite instruments, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, , doi: /acp , 2013 heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 6 6
7 NO 2 Trends above China Until 2011, there was continuous increase in NO 2 After two years of stagnation, 2014/15 saw a large decrease Economic slow down? Improved technology? Switch in fuels used? Other factors? heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 7
8 Anthropogenic NOx sources: Lifetime For large and isolated point sources, OMI observations can be sorted by wind direction Plume model provides lifetime Column + lifetime gives emissions Beirle, et al., Megacity Emissions and Lifetimes of Nitrogen Oxides Probed from Space, Science 333, 1737 (2011); DOI: /science Outlook S-5P/-5/-4: 7 x 7 km spatial resolution (and for S-4 hourly measurements during day time), will allow to track city emissions at least on a monthly basis and with a short response time (some month) heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 8 8
9 Intermediate Summary Satellite-based solar absoptions spectroscopy demonstrated to provide unique and usefull data to constrain trends in emissions and document air pollution changes Also demonstrated (SCIAMACHY, GOME, OMI, GOME-2) Sulfur Dioxide SO 2 Formaldehyde HCHO Glyoxal CHOCHO Trop. Ozone Carbon Monoxide CO Methane CH 4 Carbon Dioxide CO 2 H 2 O, HDO Absorbing Aerosol Index Cloud Top Height IO, BrO, OClO Chlorophyll Fluorescence (Land & Ocean) Sentinel-5P, -4 and -5 is build on the knowledge gained in the heritage missions heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 9
10 The Atmospheric Sentinel Missions GEO stationary (GEO) Hourly revisit time over Europe Mainly air quality Diurnal cycle of tropospheric composition Sentinel-4 (on MTG-S) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 10 Daily revisit global coverage Climate, air quality, ozone & UV Tropospheric & stratospheric composition Sentinel-5 Precursor Sentinel-5 (on METOP-SG) L.T Sentinel 5p 13.30h Sentinel 4 1 geo Sentinel 4 2 geo Sentinel h Sentinel h Sentinel h
11 Footprint Size Sentinel 5P/ 5/ 4 Footprint Size (7-8 km) similar for Sentinel-5P, -5, -4 Big step toward resolving sources and tropospheric process studies Sciamachy GOME-2 Image: Google maps OMI S-5P, S5 will deliver approx. as many cloud-free data points in one day as SCIAMACHY in one year heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 11
12 Sentinel 5P Spatial Resolution Trop. NO2 OMI km x 26 km Sentinel-5P spatial resolution Offenbach heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 12
13 Sentinel 5 Precursor and Sentinel 5 Observation Geometry heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 13
14 Atmospheric Sentinel (S 5P/S 5, S 4) COPERNICUS Level 2 Products and Applications Product Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services Application Air Quality Climate Ozone Layer Radiation Surface UV Emissions Fluxes O 3 total & trop. column X X X X O 3 profile X X NO 2 total & trop. column X X X SO 2 total column X X X CHOCHO total column X CH 2 O total column X tbc CO total column LEO ONLY X X X CH 4 total column LEO ONLY X X Aerosol extinction coeff. profile, column optical depth / type / index Cloud optical thickness, fraction, altitude X x X X Surface reflectance X X heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 14
15 Spatial resolution of the next generation of atmospheric operational sensors needs to be in the 1 2 km range (example CH 4 ) 7 km ΔXCH % S5P/S5 ( ) S5P/S5 blind for localized sources below 7-8 km Airbus ΔXCH % 2 km Future system with 1-2 km spatial resolution is able to detect and quantify localized sources Current Airborne heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 15
16 Trop. NO 2 over Berlin, Thursday 21 April 2016 Morning Flight Afternoon Flight 7 km 7 km AirMap = University of Bremen Imaging DOAS flown on Cessna of FU Berlin within ESA funded AROMAPEX campaign. A. Meier, University of Bremen heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 16
17 Summary / Recommendations Remote sensing of atmospheric composition evolved from science and pre-operational missions (SCIAMACHY, GOME-1/- 2, OMI, ) into operations within COPERNICUS (Sentinel-5P, Sentinel-4, Sentinel-5 and related services) for Ozone, Climate and Air Qualitity applications with data continuity over 2.5 decades. The scientific potential of atmospheric Sentinels remain partly unexplored, due to the lack of funding for science. Especially S-4 on MTG and S-5 on METOP-NG offer a lot of synergies across sensors on same platform (multi-sensor products), its potential is currently in large parts unexplored. Amount of data will challenge data usage. The atmospheric Sentinels needs to be improved within the Sentinel evolution process: Adequate (fit-for-purpose) greenhouse gas data (CO 2, CH 4 ) Higher spatial resolution (1-2 km) for Sentinel-4/-5 follow-on heinrich.bovensmann@uni bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 17
18 bremen.de Nationaler Nutzer Fachworkshop CAMS/C3S, 22./ , DWD, Offenbach a.m. Slide 18
19
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