TerraSAR-X Mission: Application and Data Access

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TerraSAR-X Mission: Application and Data Access Irena Hajnsek &

Pol-InSAR Research Group 2 years in Orbit (since June 2007)

de 29-June-2009 German Spaceflight Program: SAR Road Map

experimental, scientific mission 2000 International,

2007 National, operational mission suiting scientific and

scientific and commercial mission Geoscience Geoscience Common

1 TerraSAR-X Mission: Application and Data Access Irena Hajnsek & TSX TEAM German Aerospace Center Microwaves and Radar Institute Pol-InSAR Research Group 2 years in Orbit (since June 2007) irena.hajnsek@dlr.de 29-June-2009 German Spaceflight Program: SAR Road Map SIR-C/X-SAR SRTM TerraSAR-X TanDEM-X 1994 International, experimental, scientific mission 2000 International, experimental, scientific mission with operational product (DEM) 2007 National, operational mission suiting scientific and commercial markets PPP Contract 2009 National, operational scientific and commercial mission Geoscience Geoscience Common public interest Geoscience Commercial applications Common public interest Geo/Radarscience Commercial applications Common public interest Slide 2 1

Commercial Exploitation DLR Ground Station Weilheim DLR Ground Station

Dynamics Radar Operations, Calibration DLR-Oberpfaffenhofen

Distribution Science Coordination Slide 3 TerraSAR-X Satellite Wet mass:

4 m diameter Thrusters Solar Generator X-Band Radar Antenna 384

2 TerraSAR-X Mission Profile S-Band Telemetry & Telecommand Downlink of stored radar 300 Mbit/sec Radar Data Take Ground Segment Commercial Exploitation DLR Ground Station Weilheim DLR Ground Station Neustrelitz DLR-Oberpfaffenhofen: Mission Operations/Planning, Flight Dynamics Radar Operations, Calibration DLR-Oberpfaffenhofen DLR-Neustrelitz: Data Reception, SAR-Processing, Archiving, Data Distribution Science Coordination Slide 3 TerraSAR-X Satellite Wet mass: 1209 kg Orbit average power: 800 W Size: 5 m height 2.4 m diameter Thrusters Solar Generator X-Band Radar Antenna 384 Transmit/Receive Modules S-Band TM/TC Antenna X-Band Downlink Antenna Data Rate: 300 MBit/sec 256 Gbit Solid State Mass Memory Slide 4 2

Dusk/down orbit; Altitude at equator 514.8 km; Inclination 97.44 ; Sun-synchronous repeat orbit; Repeat period 11 days; Revisit time: 4.5 days (100%) 2.5 days (95%) Orbits per day 15 2/11.

3 Dusk/down orbit; Altitude at equator km; Inclination ; Sun-synchronous repeat orbit; Repeat period 11 days; Revisit time: 4.5 days (100%) 2.5 days (95%) Orbits per day 15 2/11. High Resolution Spotlight / HH-Pol. / 37 Inc. Angle / 150 MHz Resolution 1.0x1.5m Test Site: Chuquicamata, Chile Slide 5 TerraSAR-X Satellite Key Features High resolution in SpotLight mode Possibility of large area coverage by utilizing ScanSAR mode Multi-polarization capability Left Looking Mode (roll maneuver of S/C) Dual Receive Antenna (DRA) Mode (ATI, MTI, Quad. Pol.) 300 MHz transmit bandwidth (1 m range resolution) Reference orbit with ±250 m orbit tube (repeated acquisitions, interferometry, etc.) Total Zero Doppler Steering Secure operation by encryption of commands and data downlink Prepared for TanDEM-X operation (synchronization) Slide 6 3

4 Slide 7 Slide 8 4

TOR: Tracking, Occultation and Ranging Instrument Package Contribution of University of Texas and German

5 Slide 9 Secondary Payloads LCT: Laser Communication Terminal DLR / TESAT Technology-Demonstrator for Intersatellite Communication Tests with NFIRE Satellite: 5,5 Gbit/s transfer rate achieved! TOR: Tracking, Occultation and Ranging Instrument Package Contribution of University of Texas and German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) Two-frequency GPS Receiver and Laser Reflector High-precise Orbit determination for TerraSAR-X Slide 10 5

6 Slide 11 Data Quality Achievements Improvements Trends Plans Slide 12 6

Calibration: Results of the 6 Months of Commissioning Phase Goal: SAR product verification and release of the basic products Verification of format, annotation and content passed Updated basic

7 Calibration: Results of the 6 Months of Commissioning Phase Goal: SAR product verification and release of the basic products Verification of format, annotation and content passed Updated basic product specification Improvements w.r.t. initial version as for example (Stripmap) o absolute radiometric accuracy: 1.1 db 0.6 db o relative radiometric accuracy 0.68 db 0.31 db o spotlight mode (azimuth) resolution 2.2 m 1.7 m o pixel localization accuracy 2.0 m 0.3 m in range 2.0 m 0.53 m in azimuth o side lobe ratio improved by approx. 10 db* *(at the cost of a reduction of the slant range resolution of 9 % from 1.1 m to 1.2 m) Slide 13 Dubai Stripmap VV-pol. 26. Juni April 2008 Difference Slide 14 7

Calibration: Resumé after 1 Year of Operations No significant variation has been observed since launch! Instrument Stability: I/Q Statistic stable, no Trend TRM Monitoring (rel. ampl/phase): < 0.

8 Calibration: Resumé after 1 Year of Operations No significant variation has been observed since launch! Instrument Stability: I/Q Statistic stable, no Trend TRM Monitoring (rel. ampl/phase): < 0.23 db / < 2.0 deg (1σ) Antenna Pattern Monitoring Shape within main beam Gain-Offset between different beams ±0.2 db (peak to peak) Radiometric Stability Requirement over 6 months 0.5 db (1σ) (requirement) Observed over 1 year 0.14 db Slide 15 Republic of Singapore RFI Radar Frequency Interferences Slide 16 8

9 Standard Modes of TerraSAR-X Slide 17 Rg Az Inter-Mode Radiometric Product Accuracy ScanSAR vs. Stripmap vs. Spotlight different beams Multi-Mode Mosaic β 0 i = Slide 18 by Remote Sensing Technology Institute 9

10 Egypt, Pyramids of Gizeh High Resolution Spotlight HH-Pol. 150 MHz Slide 19 San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge dual-polarimetric X-band image Slide 20 10

11 Example: Frankfurt Airport 2x HS + HS 300 with different angles Slide 21 Multitemporal - High Resolution Spot Light Image Mato Grosso Brasil 1. Layer: Oct 7, Layer: Oct 18, Layer: Oct 29, 2007 Slide 22 11

Island Brooklyn Governors Island Slide 23 High resolution

12 New York City Manhattan Jersey City Williamsburg Bridge Manhattan Bridge Ellis Island Brooklyn Bridge Liberty Island Brooklyn Governors Island Slide 23 High resolution effects in X-band: Tilted Buildings resp. foreshortening Slide 24 12

13 Tokyo City High 150 MHz, S (HH), spot light 42º inc Slide 25 Slide 26 13

14 St. Luke s Tower Slide 27 More Things to Discover in Tokyo Scenes St. Luke s Tower 150 MHz BW 300 MHz BW A Big Wheel Slide 28 DLR-IMF 14

15 Disaster Monitoring: Oil Spill Black Sea Kerch TerraSAR-X Stripmap , 3:52 UTC. Dual polarization 1. Layer: HH 2. Layer: VV 3. Layer: HH VV Slide 29 Slide 30 15

16 Ship Detection Strait of Gibraltar High Resolution Spotlight HH-Pol. 150 MHz Slide 31 TerraSAR-X Image of the Month: The Drygalski Glacier in Antarctica Slide 32 16

17 Digital Elevation Model: Salar Uyuni & Mt. Tunupa Repeat Pass Interferometry 1. Pass B r 2. Pass r + Δr H Z by Remote Sensing Technology Institute Slide 33 TerraSAR-X DEM (RP-InSAR) Only over non-vegetated areas good quality SRTM DEM Slide 34 DLR-IMF 17

18 Differential SAR Interferometry -8 deformation [mm] +8 Las Vegas Convention Center by Remote Sensing Technology Institute Slide 35 TerraSAR-X Interferogram of Paris (HS 300 MHz ) azimuth range by Remote Sensing Technology Institute Slide 36 18

19 12 mm LOS displacement (270 ) azimuth range Tour Eiffel and Pont Mirabeau m 0 by Remote Sensing Technology Institute Slide 37 Experimental Modes of TerraSAR-X Slide 38 19

TOPSAR Acquisition Mode TOPSAR is a modified

Reduction TOPSAR Interferogram Slide 39 Bistatic

TerraSAR-X, RX with F-SAR Important preparation

In-orbit-phase-noise investigations Performance

20 TOPSAR Acquisition Mode TOPSAR is a modified ScanSAR mode: Ambiguity Reduction Scalloping Reduction TOPSAR Interferogram Slide 39 Bistatic Imaging Conducted on 5th of November 2007 TX with TerraSAR-X, RX with F-SAR Important preparation for TanDEM-X Clock synchronization In-orbit-phase-noise investigations Performance verification of bistatic processing and imaging techniques azimuth range Slide 40 20

Dual Receive Antenna Mode (DRA Mode) Transmit Receive Principle For transmit the full antenna is used For receive the antenna is electrically divided into two sections in

Ocean Current Measurement) Quad polarization (Sea/Ice, Snow Cover, Urban Environment) Quadpol switching scheme TX: V H V H RX 1 : V V V V RX 2 : H H H H CH 1 : VV HV VV HV CH

21 Dual Receive Antenna Mode (DRA Mode) Transmit Receive Principle For transmit the full antenna is used For receive the antenna is electrically divided into two sections in azimuth direction two independent receive channels are available New Experimental Modes Along-Track Interferometry (ATI) (Moving Target Indication, Widespread Traffic Control, Ocean Current Measurement) Quad polarization (Sea/Ice, Snow Cover, Urban Environment) Quadpol switching scheme TX: V H V H RX 1 : V V V V RX 2 : H H H H CH 1 : VV HV VV HV CH 2 : VH HH VH HH Slide 41 TerraSAR-X Traffic Velocity Measurement at A96 Tuesday Sep. 16, 2008, 19:00 h 0 km/h 130 Flight direction by Remote Sensing Technology Institute Slide 42 21

Polarization Modes Single Polarization 1 polarization channel, {HH, VV} stripmap, spotlight, ScanSAR Dual Polarization 2 polarization channels, {HH/VV, HH/HV, VV/VH} stripmap, spotlight coherent pol.

22 Polarization Modes Single Polarization 1 polarization channel, {HH, VV} stripmap, spotlight, ScanSAR Dual Polarization 2 polarization channels, {HH/VV, HH/HV, VV/VH} stripmap, spotlight coherent pol. phase smaller elevation beam Twin Polarization 2 polarization channels, {HH/VV, HH/HV, VV/HV} stripmap incoherent pol. phase full elevation beam Quad Polarization All 4 pol. channels Stripmap coherent pol. Phase smaller elevation beam Experimental product H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H V H V H V H V H H V H V H V H V H H H H H H H H V V H H V V V V V V V H V Transmit Receive Transmit Receive Transmit Receive Transmit Receive Slide 43 First TerraSAR-X Quadpol Image! Preliminary Result! Commanding of DRA mode was proved Instrument is capable to execute the DRA mode SAR processing workflow is running well Calibration to be accomplished SAR processor fine tuning to be accomplished Final decision on way forward and DRA product release probably mid/end of 2009 Quota limitation for operational use to be discussed Workuta, Russia Slide 44 June 23,

Slide 45 TerraSAR-X Quad-Polarimetry (Tropical Forest -

23 TerraSAR-X Quad-Polarimetry (Agricultural Site - Wallerfing) Pauli RGB stripmap mode, May 2009 Slide 45 TerraSAR-X Quad-Polarimetry (Tropical Forest - Indonesia) Pauli RGB stripmap mode, May 2009 Slide 46 23

quality within initial specification or better!

24 Slide 47 Status Summary Spacecraft and ground segment are fully operational Image products (Spotlight, Stripmap, ScanSAR) are calibrated and released Product quality within initial specification or better! SAR instrument proved to be very stable Demonstration of Repeat Pass Interferometry, Along Track Interferometry, persistent scatterer evaluation, TOPSAR, total zero Doppler steering Demonstration of quadpol mode The use of TerraSAR-X data was demonstrated for geo-scientific applications, oceanography and disaster monitoring during commissioning phase Preparation of TanDEM-X mission gains priority! Slide 48 24

25 TanDEM-X TerraSAR-X ad-on for Digital Elevation Measurments Acquisition of a global DEM Demonstration of innovative techniques (formation flying, bistatic acquisiton, Pol-InSAR) Launch mid October 2009 Slide 49 25

Polarisation Capabilities and Status of TerraSAR-X

Polarisation Capabilities and Status of TerraSAR-X Irena Hajnsek, Josef Mittermayer, Stefan Buckreuss, Kostas Papathanassiou German Aerospace Center Microwaves and Radar Institute irena.hajnsek@dlr.de