SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED ON CHARTS

Transcription

1 OGR DR Edition OFFICE HIC AP TIONAL H NA Y 5020 (INT 1) I N D IA INDIAN charts and publications SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED ON CHARTS Published by National Hydrographic Office, Dehradun INDIAN OCEAN

2 SYSTEM OF CORRECTION Revised edition of Chart 5020 (INT1) are published as necessary to show symbols which have been newly introduced and to record other development in charting practice. The more important changes introduced between edition are issued in indian Notices to Mariners as consecutively-numbered Amendment Supplements.On receipt,these Supplements should be recorded below, kept inside the cover of 5020 (INT1) and consulted whenever the Chart is used. RECORD OF CORRECTIONS SUPPLEMENT NUMBER NOTICE NUMBER YEAR The Chief Hydrographer to the Govt. of India,gratefully acknowledges having used Repromats of INT1 of the International Chart series and hereby expresses thanks to the German Hydrographic Office

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8 IB Positions, Distances, Directions and Compass Geographical Positions 1 Lat Latitude Br. 2 Long Longitude Lg. 3 International Meridian (Greenwich) Gr. 4 Degree(s) Minute(s) of arc Second(s) of arc PA Position approximate (not accurately determined or does not remain fi xed) PD Position doubtful (reported in various positions) N North E East O S South W West NE North-east NO 14 SE South-east SO 15 NW North-west 16 SW South-west Control Points 20 Triangulation point T.P Observation spot Fixed point Benchmark Boundary mark km 32 Distance along waterway, no visible marker km 46 Distance along waterway with visible marker 307

9 Positions, Distances, Directions and Compass IB Symbolised Positions (Examples) 30 Symbols in plan: position is centre of primary symbol Symbols in profi le: position is at bottom of symbol Point symbols (accurate positions) Approximate position km Kilometre(s) Units 41 m Metre(s) dm Decimetre(s) cm Centimetre(s) 44 mm Millimetre(s) M International Nautical Mile(s) (1852 m) sea mile(s) sm Cable (0,1 M) ft Foot/feet 48 Fathom(s) 49 h Hour m min Minute(s) of time s sec Second(s) of time kn Knot(s) t Tonne(s), Ton(s), Tonnage (weight) cd Candela 60 Variation Magnetic Compass 61 Magnetic 62 Bearing True 64 Decreasing

10 IB Positions, Distances, Directions and Compass 65 Increasing 66 Annual change 67 Deviation Magnetic Variation 68.1 Note of magnetic variation, in position 48309W 2011 (89E) Magnetic Variation at 558N 88W W 2011 (89E) Note of magnetic variation, out of position Magnetic Variation 48309W 2011 (89E) 70 Compass rose, normal pattern (smaller patterns of compass rose may be used) Magnetic variation (example): 48159E W on magnetic north arrow means magnetic variation 48159E 2011, annual change 89W. For 2012 the magnetic variation is 48079E ' E 2011 (8' W)

11 Positions, Distances,Directions and Compass IB 71 MAGNETIC VARIATION LINES ARE FOR Magnetic variation lines isogonals(lines of equal magnetic variation) The magnetic variation is shown in degrees, followed by the letter W or E, as appropriate, at certain positions on the lines. The annual change is expressed in minutes with the letter W or E and is given in brackets, immediately following the variation. 3 W (5'E) 1 W (3'E) 0 (0') 1 E (3'W) 82.1 Local magnetic anomaly Within the enclosed area the magnetic variation may deviate from the normal by the value shown Local Magnetic Anomaly (see Note) Where the area affected cannot be easily defi ned, a legend only is shown at the position

12 IC Natural Features Coastline Foreshore R II, IJ 1 Coastline, surveyed Coastline, unsurveyed Cliffs, Steep coast Hillocks Flat coast Sandy shore Stones Stones 7 Stony shore, Shingly shore Sand Sand 8 Dunes Sandhills, Dunes Dunes Relief Plane of reference for heights R IH Contour lines with values and spot height Spot heights Approximate contour lines with values and approximate height

13 Natural Features IC Form lines with spot height Approximate height of top of trees (above height datum) Water Features, Lava 20 River, Stream Name 21 Intermittent river Rapids, Waterfalls Lakes Salt Pans Salt Salt pans pans Glacier Lava fl ow 355

14 IC Natural Features Vegetation 30 Wooded Woods in general Prominent trees (isolated or in groups) Deciduous tree,unknown or unspecified tree 31.2 Evergreen (except conifer) 31.3 Conifer 31.4 Palm 31.5 Nipa palm 31.6 Casuarina 31.7 Filao 31.8 Eucalypt 32 Mangrove Marsh Marsh, Swamp, Reed beds 312.2

15 Cultural Features ID Settlements, Buildings Height of objects R IE Landmarks R IE 1 Urban area Settlement with scattered buildings Name Name Settlement (on medium and small-scale charts) Name Name 4 Name Inland village HOTEL Building or Buildings Bldg Hotel Hotel 6 Important building in built-up area Street name, Road name 371 NAME Ru 8 Ru Ruin, Ruined landmark ru Roads, Railways, Airfi elds 10 Motorway Road (hard surfaced) Track, Path (loose or unsurfaced) Railway, with station Cutting Embankment Tunnel 363.1

16 ID Cultural Features Airfield Airfield 17 Airport, Airfi eld Large and Small-scale charts 366,1 366,2 Plane of Reference for Height R IH Other Cultural Features 20 Vertical clearance above High Water 20 (8 9) (20) (8) Horizontal clearance Fixed bridge with vertical clearance (20) Opening bridge (in general) with vertical clearance (20) Swing 23.2 Bridge Swing bridge with vertical clearance Lifting Bridge (open 12) Lifting bridge with vertical clearance (closed and open) Bascule 23.4 Bridge Bascule bridge with vertical clearance 12 Pontoon 23.5 Bridge Pontoon bridge Ponton- Brk. Draw 23.6 Bridge Draw bridge with vertical clearance Transporter Bridge Transporter bridge with vertical clearance below fi xed structure Overhead transporter, Aerial cableway with vertical clearance (20) Pyl Pyl Overhead power cable with pylons and Mast Mast Mst. Mst. safe vertical clearance* (see Note below D29) 20 (20) 27 Overhead cable, Telephone line, Telegraph 20 line with vertical clearance (20) Note: * The safe vertical clearance, as defi ned by the responsible authority, is given in magenta where known; otherwise the physical vertical clearance is shown in black as in D 20.

17 Cultural Features ID Overhead 28 Overhead pipe with vertical clearance Pipe Pipeline on land 377 Supplementary National Symbols a Foot-bridge

18 IE Landmarks R IH R IP R IQ Plane of reference for heights Lighthouses Beacons General 1 Factory Hotel Examples of landmarks Factory FACTORY HOTEL WATER TR WATER TOWER Examples of conspicuous landmarks (capitals indicate that it is conspicuous) FACTORY WATER TR WATER TR Factory Pictorial sketches (in true position) Pictorial sketches (out of position) 4 (30) Height of top of a structure above height datum (30) Height of top of a structure above ground level (30) 303 Landmarks 10.1 Ch Church Supplementary national symbols Tr 10.2 Tr Church tower Sp 10.3 Sp Church spire 10.4 Cup Cup Church cupola 11 Chapel 12 Cross, Calvary 13 Temple Pagoda Shinto shrine, Joss house Buddhist temple or shrine 373.3

19 Landmarks IE 17 Mosque, Minaret Marabout Marabout Cemetery (all religious denominations) Tr Tower Water tower, Water tank on a tower Chy Chimney Flare stack (on land) Mon Monument (including column, pillar, obelisk, statue) 25.1 Windmill 25.2 Ru Windmill (without sails) Wind turbine, Windmotor Wind farm 27 FS Flagstaff, Flagpole Radio mast, Television mast Radio tower, Television tower Radar Mast Radar Radar mast Radar Mast Radar Tr Radar Sc Radar Radar tower Radar scanner Radar Tr Radar Sc Radome Radome Radome 31 Dish aerial T a n k s Tanks Silo Silo Silo 376.3

20 IE Landmarks 34.1 Fortifi ed structure (on large-scale charts) Castle, Fort (on smaller scale charts) 34.3 Battery, Small fort (on smaller scale charts) 35.1 Quarry (on large-scale charts) 35.2 Quarry (on smaller scale charts) Mine Caravan site 37.2 Camping site (including caravans) 368 Supplementary National Symbols a Mast

21 Ports IF Protection Structures 1 Dyke, Levee, Berm Seawall (on large-scale charts) Seawall (on smaller scale charts) 0 Causeway 0 0 Causeway 3 Causeway Breakwater (in general) Breakwater (loose boulders, tetrapods, etc.) 4.3 Breakwater (slope of concrete or masonry) 5 Training wall (partly submerged at high water) Groyne (always dry) Groyne (intertidal) Groyne (always under water) Harbour Installations R II R IN R IQ R IU Depths Anchorages, limits Beacons and other fi xed marks Marina 10 Fishing harbour Boat harbour, Marina Yacht berths without facilities 11.3 Yacht club, Sailing club

22 0 0 IF Ports 12 Mole (with berthing facility) Quay, Wharf Pier 14 Pier, Jetty Promenade pier Promenade Pier Promenade Pier 16 Pontoon Pontoon Ponton Lndg Landing for boats Steps, Landing stairs B A 54 Designation of berth Visitors berth Dn 20 Dns Dolphin Deviation dolphin Minor post or pile Slipway, Patent slip, Ramp 23 0 Slip Gridiron, Scrubbing grid Dry dock, Graving dock Floating dock Floating Dock ,6m Non-tidal basin, Wet dock 326.3

23 Ports IF Tidal basin, Tidal harbour 29.1 Floating barrier, e. g. oil barrier, security barrier Floating Barrier 29.2 Oil retention barrier (high pressure pipe) Floating Barrier Oil barrier Dock under Dock under 30 construction Works on land, with year date construction (2011) (2011) 31 Being reclaimed (2011) Works at sea, Area under reclamation, with year date Being reclaimed (2011) Under construction (2011) 32 Works under construction, with year date 329 Works in progress (2011) Ru 33.1 Ruin Pier 33.2 (ru) Ruined pier, partly submerged at high water Hulk Hulk Hulk Canals and Barrages R ID R IT R IB Clearances Signal stations Distance marks 40 Canal Lock 41.1 Lock (on large-scale charts) 41.2 Lock (on smaller scale charts) Lock Caisson, Gate Flood Barrage Flood Barrage 43 Flood barrage Dam, Weir (direction of fl ow) Dam Dam 364.2

24 IF Ports Transhipment Facilities Roads R ID Railways R ID Tanks R IE 50 RoRo Roll-on, Roll-off (RoRo) Ferry Terminal Transit shed, Warehouse (with designation) Timber yard Crane (with lifting capacity), Travelling crane (on railway) Container crane (with lifting capacity) (50 t) 53.3 Sheerlegs (conspicuous) SHEERLEGS SHEERLEGS Public Buildings 60 Harbour Master s offi ce Custom offi ce Health offi ce, Quarantine building Hospital Hospital Hospital 63 Post offi ce Supplementary National Symbols a Culvert b Ditch with sluice c Slope (on large-scale charts)

25 Tides and Currents IH Terms Relating to Tidal Levels Supplementary National Symbols. 1 CD Chart Datum, Datum for sounding reduction SKN LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide 405,3 3 HAT Highest Astronomical Tide 4 MLW Mean Low Water MNW 5 MHW Mean High Water MHW 6 MSL Mean Sea Level 7 Height datum, Land survey datum 8 MLWS Mean Low Water Springs MSpNW 9 MHWS Mean High Water Springs MSpHW 10 MLWN Mean Low Water Neaps MNpNW 11 MHWN Mean High Water Neaps MNpHW 12 MLLW Mean Lower Low Water MNNW 13 MHHW Mean Higher High Water MHHW 14 MHLW Mean Higher Low Water MHNW 15 MLHW Mean Lower High Water MNHW 16 Sp Spring tide Sp 17 Np Neap tide Np

26 IH Tides and Currents 20 Tide gauge R IT Planes of reference are not exactly as shown below for all charts. They are usually defined in notes under chart titles. Tidal Levels and Charted Data Overhead power cable HAT Charted vertical clearance Safe vertical clearance Elevation of light source MHWS MHWN Spring range of tide HW MSL Charted HW (coast) line Neap range of tide MSL Sea surface at any time Land survey datum MLWN Height of tide Observed depth MLWS CD (usually LAT) Drying height Charted LW (drying) line Charted depths (Sounding) * The safe vertical clearances to avoid risk of electrical discharge, as been obtained by applying a deduction to the physical vertical clearance of the cable above HAT. The deduction is variable and depends upon the transmission voltage. Tide Tables 30 Tidal Levels referred to datum of soundings Tabular statement of semidiurnal or diurnal tides Lat Long Heights in metres above datum Place N E MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS MHHW MLHW MHLW MLLW Note: The order of columns in the tabular statement of tides does not correspond to that in the national tide tables. 31 Tidal stream table Tidal streams referred to... Before High Water After High Water Hours High Water Directions of streams (degrees) Geographical Position Rates at spring tides (knots) Rates at neap tides (knots) A B C D E

27 Tides and Currents IH Tidal Streams and Currents Breakers R IK Tide Gauge R IT 2,5 kn 40 Flood tide stream with rate ,5 kn 41 Ebb tide stream with rate Current in restricted waters ,5 4,5 kn 2,5 4,5 kn 43 Jan Mar Ocean current with rates and seasons Jan Mar (see Note) (see Note) 44 Overfalls, tide rips, races Eddies A Position of tabulated tidal stream data with designation a Offshore position for which tidal levels are tabulated Supplementary National Symbols a High water (HW) HW b Low water (LW) NW c Mean tide level MW

28 II Depths General 1 ED Existence doubtful SD Sounding of doubtful depth Rep Reported, but not confi rmed gem. 3.2 Rep (2010) Reported (with year of report), but not confi rmed gem. (2010) Reported, but not confi rmed sounding or danger (on small-scale charts only) S 4 Part C Soundings Plane of reference for depths R IH Plane of reference for heights R IH Sounding in true position 11 ( ) (12) Sounding out of position 12 ( ) Least depth in narrow channel No bottom found at depth shown Soundings which are unreliable or taken from a 7 smaller scale source Drying heights and contours above Chart Datum Natural watercourse (in intertidal area)

29 Depths II Supplementary national symbols: a, b Depths in Fairways and Areas Plane of reference for depths R IH 20 Limit of dredged channel or area (major and minor) 21 7,0 m 3,5 m Dredged channel or area with depth of dredging in metres and decimetres m (2011) Dredged to 8,2 m (2011) Dredged channel or area with depth and year of the latest control survey 17 m (2011) Dredged to 8,2 m (2011) Maintained Maintained 23 17,0 m Dredged channel or area with maintained depth 17,0 m Depth 13,5 m Depth 13,5 m (2011) Area swept by wire drag. The depth is shown at Chart Datum (The latest date of sweeping is shown in parentheses) Unsurveyed (see ZOC Diagram) Depths (see Note) 25 Unsurveyed or inadequately surveyed area; area with inadequate depth information Inadequately surveyed Unsurveyed

30 II Depths Depth Contours 30 2 Drying contour Low water line (CD) Blue tint, in one or more shades, or tint ribbons are shown to different limits according to the scale and purpose of the chart and the nature of the bathymetry. On some charts, contours and values are printed in blue Approximate depth contours Supplementary National Symbols a Dredged channel or area with guaranteed minimum depth indicated b Dredged channel or area with least depth and year of the latest control survey indicated c Harbour depth/depth at a jetty

31 Nature of the Seabed IJ Types of Seabed Rocks R IK 1 S Sand S 2 M Mud m Cy Clay 4 Si Silt Cl St Stones St 6 G Gravel g P Pebbles peb Cb Cobbles R Rock, Rocky 9.2 Bo Boulder(s) 10 Co Coral, Coralline algae 11 Sh Shells (skeletal remains) 12.1 S/M Two layers, e. g. sand over mud r crl Sh fs. M. Sh fs M Sh The main constituent is given fi rst for mixtures, e. g. fi ne sand with mud and shells Wd Weed (including Kelp) wd 13.2 Kelp, Weed Sandwaves Spring in seabed Types of Seabed, Intertidal Areas G G St St. 20 Areas with stones and gravel S 1 2 ( 4 2 ) 21 Rocky area, which covers and uncovers S 22 ( 1 6 ) Coral reef, which covers and uncovers ( 4 2 ) 0

32 IJ Nature of the Seabed Qualifying Terms. 30 f Fine m Medium only used in relation to sand c Coarse bk Broken brk. 34 sy Sticky stk. 35 so Soft sft. 36 sf Stiff stf. 37 v Volcanic vol. 38 ca Calcareous cal. 39 h Hard

33 Rocks, Wrecks and Obstructions IK General 1 Danger line: A danger line draws attention to a danger which would not stand out clearly enough if represented solely by its symbol (e.g. isolated rock) or delimits an area containing numerous dangers, through which it is unsafe to navigate Swept by wire drag or diver Depth unknown, but estimated to have a safe clearance to the depth shown the symbol of may be used with other symbols e.g.wrecks,wells,turbines Rocks Plane of reference for heights R IH Plane of reference for depths R IH 10 4,1 0 0 (3,1) (1,7) 0 Height datum Chart datum Rock (islet) which does not cover, height above height datum ( 1 6) ( 1 6 ) 5 Height datum Chart datum Rock which covers and uncovers, height above chart datum m 12 Rock awash at the level of chart datum Height datum Chart datum 5 m Height datum Chart datum 0 Underwater rock of unknown depth, dangerous to surface navigation m R ( 4 8 ) R ( ) 1 20 Height datum Chart datum 5 m 10 m 20 m Underwater rock of known depth inside the corresponding depth area 0 2 ( 4 8 ) ( 1 ) R 12 1 R ( 4 8 ) ( 1 ) Height datum Chart datum 5 m 10 m 20 m outside the corresponding depth area, dangerous to surface navigation 7 7 Fls. St. 4 2

34 IK Rocks, Wrecks and Obstructions R Underwater rock of known depth, not dangerous to surface navigation Co Co Coral reef which is always covered Br Breakers d Discoloured water Discol Discold Wrecks and Fouls Plane of reference for depths R IH 20 Mast (1,2) Wreck, hull never covers, on large-scale charts Wk 21 Mast ( ) Wreck,hull covers and uncovers, on large-scale charts Wk Wk Wk Submerged wreck, depth known, on large-scale charts Wk Submerged wreck, depth unknown, on large-scale charts Wreck showing any portion of hull or superstructure at level of Chart Datum Masts Wreck of which the mast(s) only are visible at Chart Datum Wk 25 Wk Wreck, least depth known by sounding only (11) Wk 25 Wk Wreck, least depth known, swept by wire drag or diver 422.3

35 Rocks, Wrecks and Obstructions IK Wreck, least depth unknown, considered to be potentially dangerous to some surface navigation Wreck, least depth unknown Caution: On many charts, this symbol is used for wrecks of unknown least depth, but considered to be covered by more than 20 m of water. The wrecks thus represented are then potentially dangerous to vessels with a draught greater than 20 m. Note: This symbol is also used for all wrecks in water over 200 m deep Wk Wreck, least depth unknown, but considered to have a safe clearance to the depth shown F o ul Foul ground, not dangerous to surface navigation but to be avoided by vessels anchoring, trawling etc (e. g. remains of wreck, cleared platform) F o ul F o ul F o ul g Area of foul ground. R IH R IJ R IL Plane of reference for depths Kelp, seaweed Underwater Installations Obstructions and Aquaculture 40 Obstn Obstn Obstruction, depth unknown Obstn 16 8 Obstn Obstruction, least depth known by sounding only Obstn 8 Obstn Obstruction, least depth known, swept by wire drag or diver Obstn Stumps of posts or piles, wholly submerged 43.2 Submerged pile, stake, snag or stump (with exact position) 327.5

36 IK Rocks, Wrecks and Obstructions 44.1 Fishing stakes 44.2 Fish trap, Fish weir, Tunny nets Fish traps Tunny nets Fish traps Tunny nets Fish trap area, Tunny nets area 46.1 Fish haven ( 2 4 ) 2 4 Fish haven with minimum depth 47 Shellfi sh beds Marine farm (on large-scale charts) 48.2 Marine farm (on smaller scale charts) Supplementary National Symbols a Non-dangerous rock, depth unknown b Foul ground c Foul area, least depth known ( 15 7 ) d Foul area, least depth known, swept by wire drag or diver ( 15 7 )

37 Offshore Installations IL General Areas and limits R IN 1 Oilfield Name of oilfi eld or gasfi eld Z-44 Platform with designation/name On multicoloured charts 3 Limit of safety zone around offshore installation Limit of development area Wind turbine, fl oating wind turbine, vertical clearance under blade Wind farm Wind farm (fl oating) Wave farm Platforms and Moorings Mooring buoys R IQ 10 Production platform, Platform, Oil derrick Fla Flare stack (at sea) Fla SPM Single Point Mooring (SPM), including Single Anchor Leg Mooring (SALM), Articulated Loading Column (ALC) Observation/research platform (with name) Name 14 Ru Z-44 Disused platform with superstructure removed Disused (ru) 15 Artifi cial island Name

38 IL Offshore Installations 16 Single Buoy Mooring (SBM), Oil or gas installation buoy including Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) Moored storage tanker Mooring ground tackle Underwater Installations Plane of reference for depths R IH Obstructions R IK 20 Well Submerged production well Prod Well Well Suspended well, depth over wellhead unknown Well Well Suspended well, with depth over wellhead (15) 21.3 Wellhead with height above the sea fl oor Well (5,7) (5,7) 22 Site of cleared platform Pipe Pipe Above-water wellhead (lit or unlit) ( ) Turbine 24 Underwater turbine Fl (2) Underwater Turbine 25 ODAS Subsurface Ocean(ographic) Data Acquisition System (ODAS) Submarine Cables 30.1 Submarine cable 30.2 Submarine cable area Submarine power cable 31.2 Submarine power cable area Disused submarine cable 443.7

39 Offshore Installations IL Submarine Pipelines 40.1 Oil Gas (see Note) Supply pipeline: unspecifi ed, oil, gas, chemicals, water Oil Gas (see Note) Chem Water Chem Water 40.2 Oil Gas (see Note) Supply pipeline area: unspecifi ed, oil, gas, chemicals, water Oil Gas (see Note) Chem Water Chem Water Water Sewer 41.1 Outfall and intake: unspecifi ed, water, sewer, outfall, intake Outfall Intake Water Outf all Sewer Intake Water Sewer Outfall and intake area: unspecifi ed, water, sewer, outfall, intake Water Sewer Outfall Intake Outf all Intake 42.1 Buried 1,6 m Buried pipeline/pipe (with nominal depth to which buried) Buried 1,6 m Pipeline Tunnel Obstn Diffuser, Crib 44 Disused pipeline/pipe 444.7

40 IM Tracks and Routes Tracks Tracks marked by lights R IP Leading beacons R IQ 2 270,5 270,5 1 2 Bns 270,5 Leading line (fi rm line is the track to be followed, means in line ) ' , ,5 2 Island open of Headland 270,5 Transit (other than leading line), clearing line ' ,5 270,5 Recommended track based on a system of fi xed marks ,5 270,5 Recommended track not based on a system of fi xed marks DW (see Note) One-way track and DW track based on a system of fi xed marks One-way track and DW track not based on a system of fi xed marks DW 6 7,0 m 7,3 m Recommended track with maximum authorised draught stated 6 7 m

41 Tracks and Routes IM Routeing Measures Basic Symbols 10 Established (mandatory) direction of traffi c fl ow Recommended direction of traffi c fl ow Separation line (large-scale, smaller scale) in cases of space limitations: Separation zone Limit of restricted routeing measure (e. g. Inshore Traffi c Zone (ITZ), Area to be Avoided (ATBA)) Limit of routeing measure Precautionary area Precautionary Area 17 ASL (see Note) ASL (see Note) Archipelagic Sea Lane (ASL); axis line and limit beyond which vessels shall not navigate FAI RWA Y 10,5 m (2010) Fairway designated by regulatory authority with minimum depth.

42 i f IM Tracks and Routes Examples of Routeing Measures 20.1 Z o n e c f r a 25.2 Inshore Zone Traff c f f i RW 28.1 I n s h o r e T 25.1 RW RW (see Note) Area to be Avoided (see Note) Z o n e f i c 26.2 DW 22,5 m DW 25.1 I n s h r a f o r e T DW DW 27.3 DW DW

43 Tracks and Routes IM Supplementary national symbols: 20.1 Traffi c Separation Scheme (TSS), traffi c separated by separation zone Traffi c Separation Scheme, traffi c separated by natural obstructions Traffi c Separation Scheme, with outer separation zone separating traffi c using scheme from traffi c not using it Traffi c Separation Scheme, roundabout with separation zone Traffi c Separation Scheme with crossing gates Traffi c Separation Scheme crossing, without designated precautionary area Precautionary area Inshore Traffi c Zone (ITZ) with defi ned end limits Inshore Traffi c Zone without defi ned end limits Recommended direction of traffi c fl ow, between traffi c separation schemes Recommended direction of traffi c fl ow for ships not needing a deep water route Deep Water route (DW), as part of one-way traffi c lane Two-way Deep Water route with minimum depth stated Deep Water route, centre line as recommended one-way or two-way track Recommended route, one-way and two-way (often marked by centreline buoys) Two-way route with one-way sections Area to be Avoided (ATBA), around navigational aid Area to be Avoided, e. g. because of danger of stranding Boundaries of routeing measures 436

44 IM Tracks and Routes Supplementary national symbols: Radar Surveillance Systems 30 Radar surveillance station Radar Surveillance Station Ra Cuxhaven 31 Radar range Ra 32.1 Radar reference line Ra Radar reference line coinciding with a leading line Supplementary national symbols: Radio Reporting VHF 80 B Radio reporting (calling-in or way) points showing direction(s) of vessel movement with designation (if any) and VHF-channel Radio reporting line(with designation,if any) showing direction (s) of vessel movement Ferries 50 Ferry Route Cable ferry Route Cable Ferry

45 Areas and Limits IN Dredged and swept areas Submarine cables, submarine pipelines Tracks, routes General R II R IL R IM Maritime limit in general usually implying permanent physical obstructions (tint band for emphasis) 1.2 usually implying no permanent physical obstructions (tint band for emphasis) Tint band may vary in width between 1 5 mm 2.1 Limit of restricted area Limit of area into which entry is prohibited Entry Prohibited Entry Prohibited Anchorages and Anchorage Areas 10 Reported anchorage (no defi ned limits) Anchor berths Anchor berths with swinging circle Anchorage area in general 12.2 No 1 Numbered anchorage area 12.3 Oaze Named anchorage area 12.4 DW Deep water anchorage area, Anchorage area for deep-draught vessels 12.5 Tan ker Tanker anchorage area

46 IN Areas and Limits h Anchorage area for periods up to 24 hours Explosives anchorage area 12.8 Quarantine anchorage area 12.9 Reserved Reserved anchorage area (see Note) Reserved (see Note) Note: Anchors as part of the limit symbol are not shown for small areas. Other types of anchorage areas may be shown. 13 Seaplane operating area Anchorage for seaplanes Supplementary national symbols: d, e, g Restricted Areas 20 Anchoring prohibited Fishing prohibited Environmentally Sensitive Sea Areas (ESSA): Bird sanctuary Seal sanctuary Note: Other animal silhouettes (e. g. seahorse, penguin, petrel) may be used appropriately.

47 Areas and Limits IN MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR Non-specifi c nature reserve, National parks, Marine Reserves (MR) Nationalpark Nationalpark PSSA PSSA PSSA PSSA Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) Tint band may vary in width between 1 5 mm 23.1 Explosives Dumping Ground Explosives dumping ground, individual mine or explosive Explosives Dumping Ground Explosives Dumping Ground Explosives dumping ground (disused), Foul (disused) (explosives) 24 Dumping Ground for Dumping ground for chemical waste Chemicals 25 Degaussing Range Degaussing range (DG range) Degaussing Range kn Maximum speed Military Practice Areas 30 Firing practice area Entry Prohibited 31 Military restricted area, entry prohibited Entry Prohibited Entry Prohibited 32 Mine-laying (and counter-measures) practice area 441.4

48 IN Areas and Limits 33 Submarine transit lane and exercise area Minefield (see Note) Minefi eld Mine Danger Area (see Note) Supplementary national symbols: f International Boundaries and National Limits INDIA INDIA 40 International boundary on land PAKISTAN PAKISTAN 41 INDIA PAKISTAN International maritime boundary INDIA PAKISTAN 42 Straight territorial sea baseline with base point Seaward limit of territorial sea Seaward limit of contiguous zone Limits of fi shery zones Continental Shelf Limit of continental shelf Continental Shelf EEZ Limit of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Customs limit Harbour Limit Harbour limit Harbour Limit 430.1

49 Areas and Limits IN Supplementary national symbols: a c Various Limits (2006) 60.1 Limit of fast ice, Ice front (with date) (2006) 60.2 Limit of sea ice (pack ice) seasonal (with date) Log Pond Floating barrier, including log ponds, security barriers, ice booms, shark nets Booming ground Spoil Ground Spoil ground Spoil Ground Spoil Ground (disused) Spoil ground (disused) Spoil Ground (disused) 63 Extraction Area Extraction (dredging) area Dredging Area Cargo Transhipment Area Cargo transhipment area Cargo Transhipment Area Incineration Area Incineration area Area for burning refuse material Supplementary National Symbols a Fishing area b Danger area Danger Area c Limit of icebergs d Anchoring and fi shing dangerous e Regatta area f Seaward delimitation of the navigable waterways Seaward... (see Note) g Diving prohibited

50 IP Lights Supplementary national symbols: a, b Light Structures and Major Floating Lights Minor light fl oats R IQ 30, 31 1 Lt Lt Ho Major light, minor light*, light, lighthouse Lighted offshore platform* BY BnTr Lighted beacon tower * BY BnTr Lighted beacon* Bn R BRB Bn R BRB 5 Bn Lighted buoyant beacon, resilient beacon* R R Bn Major fl oating light (light vessel, major light fl oat, Large Automatic Navigational BuoY (LANBY)) * Minor lights, fi xed and fl oating, usually conform to IALA Maritime Buoyage System characteristics. 7 Navigational lights on landmarks or other structures Holnis Iso.W. W 6s32m13M Light off chart limits 320

51 Lights IP Supplementary national symbols: e, f Light Characters R IQ Light characters on light buoys International Abbreviation National Class of light Illustration Period shown 10.1 F Fixed 10.2 Occulting (total duration of light longer than total duration of darkness) Oc Occ Example Single-occulting Oc(2) Example Gp Occ(2) Example Group-occulting Oc(2+3) Example Gp Occ(2+3) Example Composite group-occulting 10.3 Isophase (duration of light and darkness equal) Iso Isophase 10.4 Flashing (total duration of light shorter than total duration of darkness) Fl Single-fl ashing Fl(3) GpFl(3) Group-fl ashing Example Example Fl(2+1) GpFl.(2+1) Composite group-fl ashing Example Example 10.5 LFI Long-fl ashing (fl ash 2 s or longer) 10.6 Quick (repetition rate of 50 to 79 usually either 50 or 60 fl ashes per minute) Q QkFl Continuous quick Q(3) QkFl(3) Group quick Example Example IQ IntQkFl Example Interrupted quick

52 IP Lights International Abbreviation National Class of light Illustration Period shown 10.7 Very quick (repetition rate of 80 to 159 usually either 100 or 120 fl ashes per minute) VQ VQkFl. Continuous very quick VQ(3) Example VQkFl.(3) Example Group very quick IVQ Int VQkFl. Example Interrupted very quick 10.8 Ultra quick (repetition rate of 160 or more usually 240 to 300 fl ashes per minute) UQ Continuous ultra quick IUQ Interrupted ultra quick 10.9 Mo(K) Morse Code Example FFl Fixed and fl ashing AI.WR Example AIt.WR Example Alternating Colours of Lights and Marks 11.1 W 11.2 R Red White (for lights, only on sector and alternating lights) Colours of lights shown on standard charts G Green 11.4 Bu Blue in multicoloured charts 11.5 Vi Violet 11.6 Y Yellow in multicoloured charts at sector lights 11.7 Y Or Orange 11.8 Y Am Amber

53 Lights IP Period 12 2,5s 90s Period in seconds and tenths of a second 90 sec Example Elevation Plane of reference for heights R IH Tidal levels R IH 13 12m Elevation of light given in metres Example Range 15M Light with single range 15sM Example /10M Light with two different ranges 15/10sM Example 15-7M Light with three or more ranges 15-7sM Example Anmerkung: In der Karte dargestellte Tragweiten sind Nenntragweiten angegeben in Seemeilen Note: Charted ranges are nominal ranges given in sea miles Disposition (hor) Horizontally disposed (horl) (vert) Vertically disposed (vertl) ( ) ( ) Triangular disposed Example of a Full Light Description Example Fl(3) WRG. 15s Class of light: group fl ashing repeating a group of three fl ashes Colours: white, red, green, exhibiting the different colours in defi ned sectors Period: the time taken to exhibit one full sequence of 3 fl ashes and eclipses: 15 seconds 21m Elevation of light: 21 metres 15-11M Nominal range: white 15 M, green 11 M, red between 15 and 11M

54 IP Lights Lights Marking Fairways Supplementary national symbols: Oc. Oc. 6s 225,38 Oc. Oc. 6s 225, s 3s 20.1 Leading lights with leading line (fi rm line is Name the track to be followed) and arcs of visibility Oc.3s Bearing given in degrees and tenths of a 8m12M degree Name Oc.6s24m15M Oc.4s12M Oc & Oc.R 269, Leading lights ( means in line ) Oc.R Bearing given in degrees and minutes 4s10M 20.3 Ldg.Oc.W&R Leading lights on small-scale charts 21 Fl.G Fl.G 2Fl.R Lights in line, marking the sides of a channel Rear Lt or Upper Lt Rear or upper light Front Lt or Lower Lt Front or lower light Direction Lights 30.1 Fl(2)5s10m11M Dir 2698 Direction light with narrow sector and course to be followed, fl anked by darkness or unintensifi ed light Oc.12s6M Dir 2998 Fl(2)5s11M Dir 255,58 Direction light with course to be followed, uncharted sector is fl anked by darkness or unintensifi ed light 30.3 Dir WRG. 15-5M F.G AI.WG Oc.W.4s AI.WR Direction light with narrow fairway sector fl anked by light sectors of different character on standard charts F.R 30.4 Dir WRG. 15-5M F.G AI.WG Oc.W.4s AI.WR Direction light with narrow fairway sector fl anked by light sectors of different character on multicoloured charts F.R

55 R R W W Lights IP Dir Moiré effect light (day and night), arrows show when course alteration needed 2958 Note: Quoted bearings are always from seaward. Sector Lights G 40.1 Sector light on standard charts Fl.WRG.4s 21m18-12M W Fl.WRG.4s 21m18-12M 40.2 Sector light on multicoloured charts G Fl.WRG.4s 21m18-12M W Oc.WRG. 10-6M Fl.G Fl.W.3s Name Fl.R G Sector lights on standard charts, the white sector limits marking the sides of the fairway R Name Oc.R Oc.W Oc.G Oc.WRG. 10-6M Fl.G Fl.W.3s Name Fl.R G 41.2 Name Oc.R Oc.W Oc.G R Sector lights on multicoloured charts, the white sector limits marking the sides of the fairway 42 Fl(3)10s62m25M F.R.55m12M Main light visible all-round with red subsidiary light seen over danger F.R Fl.5s41m30M Obscd 43 All-round light with obscured sector Fl.5s41m30M

56 R R.Intens IP Lights G W Iso.WRG R R Light with arc of visibility deliberately restricted G Faint Q.14m5M Light with faint sector Oc.R.8s7M R Oc.R.8s R.5M Light with intensifi ed sector R.7M R.5M Lights with Limited Times of Exhibition 50 F.R (occas) Lights exhibited only when specially needed (for fi shing vessels, ferries) and some private lights F.R (occas) Fl.10s40m27M (F.37m11M Day) Daytime light (charted only where the character shown by day differs from that shown at night) Fl.10s40m27M (F.37m11M Day) Name Q.WRG.5m10-3M (Fl.5s Fog) Fog light (exhibited only in fog, or character changes in fog) Name Q.WRG.5m10-3M (Fl.5s in Fog) Fl.5s(U) Unwatched (unmanned) light with no standby or emergency arrangements (temp) Temporary (exting) Extinguished 473.7

57 Lights IP R R R IL R IE R IT Flare stack (at sea) Flare stack (on land) Signal stations Special Lights 60 AeroAl.Fl.WG.7,5s 11M Aero light (may be unreliable) AeroF.R.313m 11M 61.1 Air obstruction light (e. g. on radio mast) RADIO MAST (353) 61.2 Air obstruction (e. g. on radio mast) (89) (R Lts) (89) (R Lts) 62 Fog Det Lt Fog detector light Fog Det Lt (Illuminated) Floodlit, fl oodlighting of a structure Symbol in yellow on multicoloured charts 64 Strip light (priv) Private light other than one exhibited occasionally (sync) Synchronized light 478.3

58 IQ Buoys, Beacons Buoys and Beacons IALA Maritime Buoyage System, which includes beacons R Q Position of buoy or beacon Colours of Buoys and Beacon Abbreviations for colours R IP 11 2 Green and black (symbols fi lled black) G B G G G 3 Single colour other than green and black R R Y Y R G B G G G R R Y Y R BY GRG BRB Multiple colours in horizontal bands, the colour sequence is from top to bottom BY GRG BRB RW RW RW Multiple colours in vertical or diagonal stripes, the darker colour is given fi rst RW RW RW Retrorefl ecting material 464 Note: Retrorefl ecting material may be fi tted to some unlit marks. Charts do not usually show it. Under IALA Recommendations, black bands will appear blue under a spotlight. Lighted Marks Marks with fog signals R R 7 Fl.G Fl.R Lighted marks on standard charts G R G R G R Fl.R Iso Fl.G R RW Lighted marks on multicoloured charts G R RW G Supplementary national symbols: Topmarks and Radar Refl ectors For application of topmarks within the IALA-System R Q IALA-System buoy topmarks (beacon topmarks shown upright) Name R Beacon with topmark, colour, radar refl ector and designation R G Name 3 Buoy with topmark, colour, radar refl ector and designation G Note: Radar refl ectors on fl oating marks usually are not charted.

59 Buoys and Beacons IQ Buoys Features common to buoys and beacons R IQ 1 11 Supplementary national symbols: a Shapes of Buoys 20 Conical buoy, nun buoy, ogival buoy Can buoy, cylindrical buoy Spherical buoy Pillar buoy Spar buoy, spindle buoy Barrel buoy, tun buoy Superbuoy Minor Light Floats Fl.G.3s Fl.G.3s 30 Name Light fl oat Name G gn. 31 Fl.10s Light fl oat not part of IALA System Fl.10s Mooring Buoys Oil or gas installation buoy R IL 40 Mooring buoys Fl.Y.2,5s 41 Fl.Y.2,5s Lighted mooring buoy (example) Trot, mooring buoys with ground tackle and berth numbers Mooring buoy with telegraphic or telephonic communication Small Craft 44 Moorings Numerous moorings (example) Small Craft Moorings Visitors mooring 431.5

60 IQ Buoys and Beacons Special Purpose Buoys Note: Shapes of buoys are variable. Lateral or cardinal buoys may be used in some situations. The use of the cross topmark is optional. 50 DZ Firing danger area (Danger Zone) buoy Y 51 Target Target Y 52 Marker Ship Marker Ship Y 53 Barge Barge Y 54 DG Degaussing Range buoy Y 55 Cable buoy Cable Y 56 Spoil ground buoy Y 57 Buoy marking outfall Y 58 ODAS ODAS ODAS buoy, Data collecting buoy [Ocean(ographic) Data Acquisition System] ODAS Buoy marking wave recorder or current meter Y 60 Seaplane anchorage buoy 61 Buoy marking traffi c separation scheme 62 Buoy marking recreation zone Y Seasonal Buoys 70 (priv) Buoy privately maintained (example) Y Y (Apr Oct) Seasonal buoy (example)

61 Buoys and Beacons IQ Supplementary national symbols: b d Beacons General Lighted beacons R IP Features common to beacons and buoys R IQ Bn Beacon in general, characteristics unknown or chart scale too small to show Bn Bn Beacon with colour, no distinctive topmark BW BW Beacons with colours and topmarks (examples) R BY BRB R BY BRB BRB Beacon on submerged rock with colours (topmark as appropriate) BRB Minor Impermanent Marks Usually in Drying Areas (Lateral Marks of Minor Channels) Minor pile R IF 90 Pole PORT HAND STARBOARD HAND PORT HAND STARBOARD HAND Perch, Withy Withy Minor Marks, Usually on Land Landmarks R IE 100 Cairn Mk Coloured or white mark RW Coloured topmark (colour known or unknown) with function of a beacon r.w Painted boards with function of leading beacons RW RW r.w. r.w.

62 IQ Buoys and Beacons Beacon Towers 110 Beacon towers (BnTr) without and with topmarks R G R G BY BRB and colours (examples) r. gn. r. gn. s.g. s.r.s Lattice beacon Supplementary national symbols: d Special Purpose Beacons Leading lines, clearing lines R IM Note: Topmarks and colours shown where scale permits Leading beacons Beacons marking a clearing line or transit Beacons marking measured distance with quoted bearings Measured Distance 1852 m Measured Distance 1852 m Cable landing beacon (example) Y g Refuge beacon Ref Ref Ref Ref 125 Firing danger area beacons 126 Notice board NB Supplementary National Symbols a Ice buoy (examples) YBY G b Fixed beacon c Other types of beacon topmarks (not IALA) d Beacon or lighted beacon with fi xed distance to fairway (in metres) R R

63 Buoys and Beacons IQ 130 IALA Maritime Buoyage System AISM IALA IALA lnternational Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities Where in force, the IALA System applies to all fi xed and fl oating marks except landfall lights, leading lights and marks, sectored lights and major fl oating lights. The standard buoy shapes are cylindrical (can), conical, spherical, pillar, and spar, but variations may occur, for example: minor light fl oats. In the illustrations below, only the standard buoy shapes are used. In the case of fi xed beacons (lit or unlit) only the shape of the topmark is of navigational signifi cance Lateral Marks are generally for well-defi ned channels. There are two international buoyage regions A and B where lateral marks differ. Port-hand marks are red with cylindrical topmarks (if any) Lights are red and have any rhythm except Fl (2+1) R R G G Port-hand marks are green with cylindrical topmarks (if any) Lights are green and have any rhythm except Fl (2+1) G G R R R G R R Preferred channel RGR to starboard Fl(2+1)R * G G Preferred channel GRG to starboard Fl(2+1)G * R G G G G R R R Preferred channel to port Fl(2+1)G * GRG RGR Preferred channel to port Fl(2+1)R * G R R G G R REGION A with conical topmarks (if any) Lights are green and have any rhythm except Fl(2+1)G REGION B Starboard-hand marks are red with conical topmarks (if any) Lights are red and have any rhythm except Fl (2+1) R A preferred channel buoy may also be a pillar or a spar. All preferred channel marks have horizontal bands of colour. IALA Buoyage Regions A and B B A see plan A B B A B A B A A Direction of Buoyage The direction of buoyage is that taken when approaching a harbour from seaward. Along coasts, the direction is determined by a buoyage authoritiy, normally clockwise around land masses. Symbol showing direction of buoyage where not obvious. Symbol showing direction of buoyage on multicoloured charts. (Red and green circles coloured as appropriate).

64 IQ Buoys and Beacons In the illustrations below all marks are the same in Regions A and B Cardinal Marks indicating navigable water to the named side of the marks. Unlit Marks Lighted Marks Topmark: 2 black cones White light Time (seconds) Wiederkehr Period shown BY BY N BY VQ or Q Point of interest NW SE N North Mark Black above yellow NE W West Mark East Mark E E BYB VQ (3) 5s or Q (3)10s YBY YBY Yellow with black band BYB BYB Black with yellow band S YB VQ (6)+LFl.10s or Q (6)+LFl.15s SW YB YB South Mark Yellow above black S W YBY VQ (9)10s or Q (9)15s The same abbreviations are used for lights on spar buoys and beacons. The periods 5 s, 10 s and 15 s, may not always be charted Isolated Danger Marks stationed over dangers with navigable water around them. Body: black with red horizontal band(s); Topmark: 2 black spheres BRB BRB BRB BRB Fl (2) White light Safe Water Marks such as mid-channel and landfall marks. Body: red and white vertical stripes; Topmark (if any): red sphere RW RW RW RW RW RW Iso or Oc or LFl.10s or Mo (A) Special Marks not primarily to assist navigation but to indicate special features. Body (shape optional): yellow ; Topmark (if any): yellow x * White light Y Y Y Y Y Y BuY Fl.Y or AI.Oc.BuY In special cases yellow may be in conjunction with another colour. * Yellow light

65 Fog Signals IR General Fog detector light R IP Fog light R IP 1 AIS Position of fog signal, Type of fog signal not stated N-S. N-S. N-S Types of Fog Signals, with Abbreviations 10 Explos Explosive Dia Diaphone Siren Siren Horn Horn (nautophone, reed, tyfon) Bell Bell Whis Whistle Gong Gong Examples of Fog Signal Descriptions 20 Fl.3s 70m 29M Siren Mo(N)60s Siren at a lighthouse, giving a long blast followed by a short one (N), repeated every 60 seconds Fl.3s 70m 29M Siren Mo(N)60s 21 Bell Wave-actuated bell buoy Bell Q (6)+LFl.15s YB Horn(1)15s Whis Light buoy, with horn giving a single blast every 15 seconds, in conjunction with a wave-actuated whistle g.s. Q (6)+LFl.15s Horn(1)15s Whis * The fog signal symbol is usually omitted when a description of the signal is given.

66 IS Radar, Radio and Satellite Navigation Systems Radar Radar structures forming landmarks R IE Radar surveillance systems R IM 1 Ra Coast radar station, providing range and bearing service on request Ramark Ramark, radar beacon transmitting continuously Racon (Z)(3 cm) Radar transponder beacon, with morse identifi - cation, responding within the 3 cm (X) band Racon (Z) Racon (Z)(10 cm) Radar transponder beacon, with morse identifi - cation, responding within the 10 cm (S) band 3.3 Racon (Z) Radar transponder beacon, with morse identifi cation Racon (Z)(3 & 10 cm) Racon Obscd Racon (Z) Radar transponder beacon, with sector of obscured reception 3.4 Racon (Z) Racon (Z) Radar transponder beacon, with sector of reception Racon Racon Racons 270 Leading radar transponder beacons ( mean in line ) 3.5 Lts 270 Racons 270 Leading radar transponder beacons coincident with leading lights Racon Racon 3.6 Racon Racon Radar transponder beacons on fl oating marks (Example) Racon 4 Radar refl ector Radar conspicuous feature (not usuallycharted on IALA System buoys and buoyant beacons) 485.2