PBN Operational Approval Course

Transcription

1 PBN Operational Approval Course Introduction and Overview

2 PBN Operations Approval Welcome Logistics Introductions PBN Overview 2

3 Instructor Bob Kennedy Attendees: 3

4 Course Objectives The objective of this Course is to: Verify that the PBN concept is understood Clarify State regulatory responsibilities with respect to PBN Provide a simple step-by-step guide to the Ops Approval process Relate the Ops Approval process to individual navigation specifications. 4

5 ICAO Objectives Simplify the process for PBN ops approval Reduce costs for CAAs and operators A globally-common approval process for PBN Training for regional instructors 5

6 Logistics Agenda Coffee Lunch Coffee

7 Monday Registration Registration Official Welcome Intro & Overview LUNCH PBN Ops Approval Process Aircraft Eligibility Tuesday Crew Procedures & Training Navigation Databases Application & Documentation Discussion LUNCH Oceanic Discussion Wednesday En-Route Discussion Terminal Discussion LUNCH Approach Discussion Thursday RNP AR Discussion SAM AIC SAM Job Aids LUNCH Review Review Friday Assessment Assessment Review LUNCH Wrap up & Debrief 7

8 Material for Course Course folder ICAO Doc 9997 Ops Approval Manual ICAO Doc 9613 PBN Manual ICAO elearning: 8

9 PBN Manual Volume I Concept and Implementation Guidance Volume II Implementing RNAV and RNP 9

10 PBN Manual Vol II Volume II Implementing RNAV and RNP Part A General Part B Implementing RNAV Part C Implementing RNP Attachment A Barometric VNAV 10

11 Navigation Specifications IMPLEMENTING RNAV AND RNP CHAPTERS Introduction ANSP considerations Navigation specification 11

12 Navigation Specification RNAV System Performance RNAV Accuracy; Integrity; Availability; Continuity. RNP RNP SYSTEM On-Board performance Monitoring and Alerting Accuracy; Integrity; Availability; Continuity. 12

13 Navigation Specifications In use before PBN Manual Introduced in PBN Manual RNP 10 > RNAV 10 RNP 4 > RNP 4 B-RNAV > RNAV 5 P-RNAV > RNAV 1 & RNAV 2 RNAV (GNSS) > RNP APCH LNAV RNP APCH LNAV/VNAV RNP AR APCH RNP 1 New in 4 th Edition PBN Manual RNP APCH LPV Advanced RNP RNP 2 RNP 0.3 (Helicopter) 13

14 Navigation Specifications GNSS OPTIONAL GNSS REQUIRED 14

15 Navigation Specifications Aircraft requirements Operating Procedures Pilot knowledge and training Navigation database 15 Oversight of operators 15

16 Components of PBN Concept - Navigation Specification - International Navigation Specifications in Volume II of PBN Manual 2 What Performance is required of the NAV system? What Functionalities must NAV system have to achieve performance What Navigation Sensors must be integrated in NAV system to achieve performance. What requirements are placed on the Air crew to achieve the required performance from the NAV system? Used by State as basis for developing Certification & Operational Approval 16

17 Performance Doesn t an ILS or VOR have performance? For conventional navigation: Performance is derived Design is based on measured navaid performance How accurate is a VOR? For Performance Based Navigation: Performance is specified Aircraft must meet the required level of performance How performance is achieved is open or non-sensor specific 17

18 Performance All Navigation Systems must meet performance requirements: ACCURACY INTEGRITY AVAILABILITY CONTINUITY 18

19 Performance RNAV systems have been assessed to have adequate system performance Not required to be monitored by flight crew ACCURACY 95% probability requirement INTEGRITY Dependent on navaids/updates AVAILABILITY Based on Navaids CONTINUITY Based on Navaids 19

20 Performance RNP based on GNSS performance System performance monitored in flight ACCURACY GNSS extremely accurate >>>95% INTEGRITY On-board monitoring system AVAILABILITY Requires operational mitigation CONTINUITY Requires operational mitigation 20

21 Actual & Required Performance All Nav specs have minimum performance requirements But actual performance of GNSS systems (RNP) exceeds the minimum requirements e.g. RNP 4 requires 4NM accuracy/95% GNSS is a minimum requirement for RNP 4 GNSS accuracy is in metres! The baseline is 95% probability of position within stated limits but other performance requirements usually are limiting 21

22 On-board Performance Monitoring The aircraft, or aircraft and pilot in combination, is required to monitor the TSE, and to provide an alert if the accuracy requirement is not met or if the probability that the TSE exceeds two-times the accuracy value is larger than

23 Performance Monitoring GNSS positioning is monitored by Nav System FTE is monitored by the flight crew Standard is ½ accuracy value (RNP) Note: Exception is the Boeing NPS system which electronically monitors both NSE and FTE to ensure TSE limits are not exceeded 23

24 Nav System Monitoring GNSS/RNP monitoring typically based on integrity NOT accuracy Accuracy remains very high Measured in metres Accuracy independent of the specified nav accuracy RNP selection changes integrity alerting level 24

25 Integrity Monitoring All IFR navigation systems must have integrity NDB, VOR, DME, ILS Self monitoring transmitters Duplicated equipment Solid state electronics Flight inspection On-board monitoring and alerting GNSS ABAS SBAS GBAS 25

26 GNSS Integrity Integrity is a form of insurance An area around the flight path is protected against the possibility of an undetected error When there is no integrity alert the position solution is protected If an alert occurs the operation is discontinued Accuracy remains high but the requirement for protection against potential misleading navigation information is no longer met 26

27 Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) RAIM is one example of an integrity monitoring system Receiver calculates Horizontal Protection Level (HPL) Radius around true position Protects against a potential undetected error HPL varies with satellite geometry Horizontal Alert Level (HAL) set for phase of flight: En-route - 2NM Terminal (Inside 30NM from ARP) - 1NM Final Approach - 0.3NM If HPL>HAL, system alerts 27

28 Integrity Monitoring RAIM is only one simple method There are a number of integrity monitoring systems ALL RNP systems must have integrity monitoring Flight crews must understand the system used 28

29 Stand-alone GNSS Monitoring Stand-alone GNSS operates in 3 modes Modes are determined by the phase of flight Mode cannot be selected by the flight crew Alerting levels dependent upon mode 2.0NM en-route 1.0NM terminal 0.3NM approach Level of protection varies GNSS accuracy is independent of the mode 29

30 FMS Integrity Monitoring FMS based systems do not operate in fixed modes Alerting levels determined by selected RNP Monitoring method and alerting thresholds vary between manufacturers Actual navigation accuracy is independent of the selected RNP 30

31 Example ANP Actual Navigation Performance (e.g. Boeing) ANP is derived from an INTEGRITY value Maximum ANP is equal to the selected RNP ANP>RNP = ALERT UNABLE NAV PERF RNP The required level of protection is not available ANP does not indicate position accuracy Position accuracy remains HIGH 31

32 Availability Current GNSS constellations cannot provide 100% availability Operational mitigation is required Availability prediction permits operations to be predicated on service availability Availability reduces with lower RNP Virtually 100% availability for RNP 1 with current 31 satellite constellation Gaps in availability for RNP 0.3 or less When additional satellites/constellations are in service sufficient redundant satellites will be available to provide 100% availability of GNSS with integrity 32

33 Continuity Service may be lost during an operation Operational mitigation is required Prediction reduces probability of loss of continuity Backup navigation systems may be used Typically IRS Flight crew procedures may be required 33

34 Navigation Performance ACCURACY: the usable output of the navigation system GNSS accuracy remains HIGH Provides the capability INTEGRITY: insurance policy Gives confidence in the safety of the solution Protects against a potential failure to detect AVAILABILITY: prediction required CONTINUITY: operational mitigation required 34

35 PBN is Part of the Solution COM NAV SUR ATM PBN 35

36 Questions? 36