Image Reconstruction Based On Bayer And Implementation On FPGA Sun Chen 1, a, Duan Xiaofeng 2, b and Wu Qijing 3, c
|
|
- Malcolm Phillips
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 2nd International Worksop on Materials Engineering and Computer Sciences (IWMECS 2015) Image Reconstruction Based On Bayer And Implementation On FPGA Sun Cen 1, a, Duan Xiaofeng 2, b and Wu Qijing 3, c 1 Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mecanics, CAS,, Xian , Cina; 2 Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mecanics, CAS,, Xian , Cina; 3 Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mecanics, CAS,, Xian , Cina. a suncen2009@126.com, b duanxiaofeng@opt.ac.cn, c wuqijing@126.com, Keywords: bayer image, gradient, color reconstruction, FPGA. Abstract. Tis paper mainly introduces color images interpolation algoritm wic based on bayer template. In order to estimate te missing two components in one pixel accurately, tis algoritm selects gradient correlation between pixels to calculate tem. Te bayer image, wose resolution ratio is 5120*3840, captured by CMOS, is output by DVI interface. Experimental results sows tat tis algoritm bot ensure te quality of reconstruction images and te real-time processing on FPGA. Introduction Wit te deelopment of information tecnology, quality of people s life as improed. More and more people use digital cameras replace film cameras. Te sensor of digital cameras is a ligt-sensitie Carge-Coupled Deice or Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. Te image wic is captured by sensor is a gray scale image; digital cameras need a series of image processing to enance image quality. For example, te color image reconstruction based on bayer template, wite balance, automatic integration algoritm and so on. Te one important image processing is color image reconstruction based on bayer template, it is known as demosaicing. In order to capture a full-color image, teoretically require tree potosensitie arrays in digital cameras, eac of tese arrays to capture one of red, green and blue colors. Tis way of capturing a color image requires a large storage space, ig cost and ig difficulty deice deployment. Most digital cameras put a color filter array CFA on single potosensitie array to aciee primary separation, so tat te adjacent potosensitie array can capture different colors of ligt (red, green or blue). Eac pixel lost te oter two color components needs an image interpolation algoritm to rebuild full-color image. tis algoritm as been implemented on Xilinx FPGA spartan6 platform. Wole system can be diided into tree parts, te first part is to write data into SDRAM; te second part is to read data out from SDRAM and calculate tese data by interpolation algoritm and restored in SDRAM; te tird part is to read data out from SDRAM, output troug DVI interface and bus. R 1.1 G 1.2 R 1.3 G 1.4 R 1.5 G 2.1 B 2.2 G 2.3 B 2.4 G 2.5 R 3.1 G 3.2 R 3.3 G 3.4 R 3.5 G 4.1 B 4.2 G 4.3 B 4.4 G 4.5 R 5.1 G 5.2 R 5.3 G 5.4 R 5.5 Fig. 1 Bayer template Common demosaicing metods Bilinear interpolation. Bilinear interpolation algoritm is one of te widely used interpolation algoritm. Wen we calculate R and B at G alues in Figure 1 based on tis algoritm, We can estimate G and B at R alues and R and G at B alues by same metod. Bilinear algoritm as low complexity. It is easy to implement on FPGA and works well in smoot area. But at te edge area, pixel alues as direction, we cannot easily calculate pixel alues by te aerage of surrounding Te autors - Publised by Atlantis Press 849
2 pixels. So, tis algoritm will ae zigzag on te edge of te area, it is called zipper effect. Constant color difference. Tere are a lot of diisions in te formula of Aberration interpolation, if a pixel alue is 0, tis pixel will not be calculated by te aboe formula. Tis is a limitation of Aberration interpolation. In order to oercome tis limitation of Aberration interpolation, tere is a proposed algoritm based on Mondrian model, it is called Aberration interpolation, it use subtraction instead of diision. Gradient direction interpolation algoritms. Gradient information is an important factor affecting isuals; it is not only can transfer most of image information, but can also sketc out te basic outline of objects in an image. We can get useful structure information from edge detection so tat we can reduce te processed data and improe efficiency. Gradient direction interpolation algoritm is an adaptie interpolation algoritm; eac pixel can get a more appropriate interpolation direction. Tis interpolation as been widely used, you can cange te size of region to get a better interpolation results. 3*3 regions: Eery pixel as tree components, te relationsip between tree components are ery close in te researc of algoritm. Tis algoritm is first-order edge detection proposed by Hibbard. 5*5 regions: Second order differential interpolation algoritm is proposed by Laroce edge detected algoritm, in tis algoritm, edge detection is a linear sift inariant second order differential operator, it is called Laplace operator. For calculating interpolation direction at G based on Laroce edge detected algoritm, we remain comparing orizontal direction and ertical direction. Te difference is tat we calculate a pixel s gradient interpolation direction by itself instead of G gradient interpolation direction. Hig quality linear interpolation algoritm. Seeral interpolation algoritms described aboe do not take into account te correlation between te arious color components. Te experiments sow tat ariation of different color components are ery slowly in local region. If we add information of te oter two components, we will estimate te oter two components accurately. Luminance information is muc more important tan crominance information, so we will not discard red alues at R 3.3 wen we calculate G alues at R 3.3, R alues is useful information. Malar proposed a new type of ig quality interpolation algoritm on Te wole idea of tis algoritm is aerage and correction. Tis algoritm cooses a 5*5 filter for calculating and makes full use of correlation between tree cannels. Te filters are sown as following: Fig.2 Filters Tese linear filters make full use of correlation between tree cannels, tey come up wit appropriate alues of {α, β, γ}, is α = 1/2, β = 5/8, γ = 3/4, te quality of tis algoritm is muc iger tan bilinear. Waelet transform Interpolation algoritm. Te purpose of waelet transform is to distinguis ig frequency signal from low frequency signal. Te signal as been conerted into waelet domain by Scaling and translation transformation. For many problems wic cannot be soled by Fourier transform, Waelet transform works ery well and ery effectie. S.mallat reference Burt and Adelson pyramid image decomposition and reconstruction algoritms, lead te field of computer ision into waelet domain, put forward a fast algoritm for waelet transform called mallat. 850
3 Interpolation algoritm based on waelet transform as a good effect in color image reconstruction, but te ig complexity and a large amount of computation limit te algoritm application. It cannot be complement on FPGA. Proposed linear interpolation algoritm. Bilinear is easy to lead zipper effect in ig frequency region, color constant will ae a good interpolation results in smoot areas, but many error alues in sudden canges region. Gradient interpolation algoritm works well in ig frequency region, subtle canges will be processed as image edge, so tis algoritm keeps edge information as well as brings in random noises. Te color caracteristic is ery important information in image and te ig frequency region is also an important part of an image. Terefore, te design of proposed algoritm is based on gradient information. First order and second order edge detection algoritm is easier to implement on FPGA. In order to find a more appropriate real-time processing and ig quality image reconstruction, I put forward a proposed algoritm based on gradient algoritm. Tis algoritm ensures quality of image reconstruction; aciee real-time and low resource consumption. For te missing G at R 3.3 : a. We define ertical direction T, orizontal direction T, 45 direction T and d 135 T d direction, formulas are sown as following: T 2* R -R -R (1) T 2* R -R -R (2) T 2* R -R -R (3) d T 2* R -R -R (4) d b. Comparing T and T to determine interpolation direction, formulas are sown as following: ( G T T 3.2 g3.3 G3.4 )/ 2 * T ( G T T 2.3 g3.3 G4.3 )/ 2 * T (5) (6) g3.3 ( G G G G )/ 4 *( T T ) T T (7) 3.4 c. Comparing T d and T d to determine interpolation direction, formulas are sown as following: ( B B T T d d d 3.3 ( )/ 2 * d T d d 3.3 ( B B d d b3.3 )/ 2 * b B B T T (8) T (9) b B2.4 B )/ 4 *( T T )/ 2 T T (10) d d Implement on FPGA: Te wole system consists of tree parts: first, sensor captures Bayer image; second, demosaicing; tird, output module. Te wole system is sown as following: Fig 3. System 851
4 Video_buffer module: Tis module mainly consists of data storage module and storage control module. Te data captured by sensor are wrote in SDRAM, ten, FPGA write tese data in Video_buffer wic is SDRAM, and ten read tese data in Ddr3_ain order,ddr3_a consists of four blocks, control module transferred eigt pixels eery time in parallel to Imp_ci wic is demosaic module. Demosaic module: Demosaic module deide into two parts: interpolation processing and control module. Control module load data into interpolation module by address signal. Eac pixel in bayer image captured by sensor is 10bits, in order to meet te requirements of clock syncronization; we conert eac pixel into 16bits. Tis algoritm includes simple addition or subtraction and comparison operation. Tere are 5120*3840 pixels in one frame image. DVI output module: Tis module includes buffer part and control part, too. Control module conert te processed data into image standard data, and ten sae tese image data into Ddr3_b. before getting out image data, control module transferred tese data into data_out_buffer and ten displayed by DVI interface. Te frame can reac 25 frame per second. Performance: I coose different algoritms to process same image, te results sows as following: Details: Fig 4.Lena Fig 5. From left to rigt; original,,5*5regions gradient, ig-quality linear, proposed metod. Details: Fig 6. CCD prototype Fig 7. From left to rigt; original, 5*5regions gradient, ig-quality linear, proposed metod. 852
5 Table 1 PSNR, for te 4 images, A)Bilinear; B)5*5 regions gradient; C)ig-quality linear; D) proposed metod Numble c A B C D R G B R G B R G B R G B R Aerage G B Summary Tis paper proposed an efficient image reconstruction algoritm, tis algoritm estimate alue of pixel based on gradient correlation between pixels. Tis metod is erified on FPGA, it can proide a ig-speed, ig-quality reconstruct image. Tis wole system as been applied to industrial successfully wit low-cost, ig-quality. References [1] HUANG W T, CHEN C H, TSAI Z H, et al. Hig-quality and ig-speed demosaicking algoritm design[j]. Taipei Uniersity Tecnol., 2007,40(2): [2] Nai-Xiang Lian, Lanlan Cang, Yap-Peng, et al. Adaptie Filtering for Color Filter Array Demosaicking. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL.16,NO.10,OCTOBER [3]Zang Qigui, Zao Lijuan, Implementation of Bayer Image Interpolation based on FPGA. Taiyuan Uniersity of Tecnology, 2010 [4]Ning Yang. Processing system of ideo image based on FPGA. Dalian Maritime Uniersity [5]Malar H S, HE L W, Cutler R. Hig quality linear interpolation for demosaicing of bayerpatterned color images[c]// Processing of te IEEE International Conference on Speec, Acoustics, and Signal Processing, Montreal, Canada; IEEE,2004. [6] Jung, T.-Y., Yang, S., Lee, J., and Jeong, J., Enanced Directionally Weigted Demosaicing for Digital Cameras, IEEE International Conference on Signal Image Tecnology and Internet Based Systems 2008, (2008). 853
Research on harmonic analysis and Simulation of grid connected synchronous motor Jian Huang1,a, Bingyang Luo2,b
5t nternational Conference on Environment, Materials, Cemistry and Power Electronics (EMCPE 06) Researc on armonic analysis and Simulation of grid connected syncronous motor Jian Huang,a, Bingyang Luo,b
More informationsketch a simplified small-signal equivalent circuit of a differential amplifier
INTODUCTION Te large-signal analysis of te differential amplifr sowed tat, altoug te amplifr is essentially non-linear, it can be regarded as linear oer a limited operating range, tat is, for small signals.
More informationEvaluation Model of Microblog Information Confidence Based on BP Neural Network
Evaluation Model of Microblog Information Confidence Based on BP Neural Network Yuguang Ye Quanzou Normal University; Quanzou, 36, Cina Abstract: As te carrier of social media, microblog as become an important
More informationON TWO-PLANE BALANCING OF SYMMETRIC ROTORS
Proceedings of ME Turbo Expo 0 GT0 June -5, 0, openagen, Denmark GT0-6806 ON TO-PLNE BLNING OF YMMETRI ROTOR Jon J. Yu, P.D. GE Energy 63 Bently Parkway out Minden, Nevada 8943 U Pone: (775) 5-5 E-mail:
More informationMachine Vision System for Automatic Weeding Strategy in Oil Palm Plantation using Image Filtering Technique
Macine Vision System for Automatic Weeding Strategy in Oil Palm Plantation using Image Filtering Tecnique Kamarul Hawari Gazali, Mod. Marzuki Mustafa, and Aini Hussain Abstract Macine vision is an application
More informationDesign of Electrical Parameter Measurement System for Three Phase AC Motor Based on STM32
Sensors & Transducers 2014 by IFSA Publising, S. L. ttp://www.sensorsportal.com Design of Electrical Parameter Measurement System for Tree Pase AC Motor Based on STM32 Haiong Xiao, Jiming Luo, Scool of
More informationUnit 5 Waveguides P a g e 1
Unit 5 Waveguides P a g e Syllabus: Introduction, wave equation in Cartesian coordinates, Rectangular waveguide, TE, TM, TEM waves in rectangular guides, wave impedance, losses in wave guide, introduction
More informationOptical performance requirements for MEMS-scanner based microdisplays
Optical performance requirements for MEMS-scanner based microdisplays Hakan Urey, Daid W. Wine, Tor D. Osborn Microision Inc., 19910 Nort Creek Pkwy, Botell, WA 98011 Pone/Fax: +1(425) 415-6736 / 6601,
More informationOn the relation between radiated and conducted RF emission tests
Presented at te 3 t International Zuric Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, February 999. On te relation between radiated and conducted RF emission tests S. B. Worm Pilips Researc Eindoven, te
More informationA Multi-User Cooperative Diversity for Wireless Local Area Networks
I. J. Communications, Network and System Sciences, 008, 3, 07-83 Publised Online August 008 in SciRes (ttp://www.scirp.org/journal/ijcns/). A Multi-User Cooperatie Diersity for Wireless Local Area Networks
More informationIndirect Measurement
exploration Georgia Performance Standards M6G1.c, M6A2.c, M6A2.g Te eigts of very tall structures can be measured indirectly using similar figures and proportions. Tis metod is called indirect measurement.
More informationPower Quality Analysis Using An Adaptive Decomposition Structure
Power Quality Analysis Using An Adaptive Decomposition Structure Doğan Gökan Ece 1 and Ömer Nezi Gerek 1 (1) Dept. of Electrical and Elctronics Engineering, Anadolu University, Scool of Engineering and
More informationFast Restoration of Warped Document Image based on Text Rectangle Area Segmentation
1162 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 8, NO. 5, MAY 2013 Fast Restoration of Warped Document Image based on Tet Rectangle Area Segmentation Kuo-Hsien Hsia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,
More informationChannel Estimation Filter Using Sinc-Interpolation for UTRA FDD Downlink
{ Cannel Estimation Filter Using Sinc-Interpolation for UTA FDD Downlink KLAUS KNOCHE, JÜGEN INAS and KAL-DIK KAMMEYE Department of Communications Engineering, FB- University of Bremen P.O. Box 33 4 4,
More informationA Guide for the Assessment and Mitigation of Bleed, Gloss Change, and Mold in Inkjet Prints During High-humidity Conditions
A Guide for te Assessment and Mitigation of Bleed, Gloss Cange, and Mold in Inkjet Prints During Hig-umidity Conditions Jennifer Burger; University of Rocester and Daniel Burge; Image Permanence Institute,
More informationON THE IMPACT OF RESIDUAL CFO IN UL MU-MIMO
ON THE IMPACT O RESIDUAL CO IN UL MU-MIMO eng Jiang, Ron Porat, and Tu Nguyen WLAN Group of Broadcom Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA {fjiang, rporat, tun}@broadcom.com ABSTRACT Uplink multiuser MIMO (UL
More informationResearching on YH100 Numerical Control Servo Press Hydraulic Control System and Control Algorithm
Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 79, Issue 9, September 04, pp. 49-54 Sensors & Transducers 04 by IFSA Publising, S. L. ttp://www.sensorsportal.com Researcing on YH00 Numerical Control Servo Press Hydraulic
More informationAn Effective Directional Demosaicing Algorithm Based On Multiscale Gradients
79 An Effectie Directional Demosaicing Algorithm Based On Multiscale Gradients Prof S Arumugam, Prof K Senthamarai Kannan, 3 John Peter K ead of the Department, Department of Statistics, M. S Uniersity,
More informationPublished in: Proceedings of 8th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE 2016)
Aalborg Universitet A Multi-Pulse Front-End Rectifier System wit Electronic Pase-Sifting for Harmonic Mitigation in Motor Drive Applications Zare, Firuz; Davari, Pooya; Blaabjerg, Frede Publised in: Proceedings
More informationEstimation of Dielectric Constant for Various Standard Materials using Microstrip Ring Resonator
Journal of Science and Tecnology, Vol. 9 No. 3 (017) p. 55-59 Estimation of Dielectric Constant for Various Standard Materials using Microstrip Ring Resonator Pek Jin Low 1, Famiruddin Esa 1*, Kok Yeow
More informationCooperative Request-answer Schemes for Mobile Receivers in OFDM Systems
Cooperative Request-answer Scemes for Mobile Receivers in OFDM Systems Y. Samayoa, J. Ostermann Institut für Informationsverarbeitung Gottfried Wilelm Leibniz Universität Hannover 30167 Hannover, Germany
More informationResearch on Three-level Rectifier Neutral-Point Voltage Balance. Control in Traction Power Supply System of High. Speed Train
Researc on Tree-level Rectifier Neutral-Point Voltage Balance Control in Traction Power Supply System of Hig Speed Train LU XIAO-JUAN, WANG XIN-JU, GUO QI, LI SHU-YUAN Scool of Automation and Electric
More informationCalculation of Antenna Pattern Influence on Radiated Emission Measurement Uncertainty
Calculation of Antenna Pattern Influence on Radiated Emission Measurement Uncertainty Alexander Kriz Business Unit RF-Engineering Austrian Researc Centers GmbH - ARC A-444 Seibersdorf, Austria alexander.kriz@arcs.ac.at
More informationApplication of two-stage ADALINE for estimation of synchrophasor
International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy Application of two-stage ADALINE for estimation of syncropasor Ceng-I Cen a, Yeong-Cin Cen b, Cao-Nan Cen b, Cien-Kai Lan b a a National Central University,
More informationBranch and bound methods based tone injection schemes for PAPR reduction of DCO-OFDM visible light communications
Vol. 5, No. 3 Jan 07 OPTICS EXPRESS 595 Branc and bound metods based tone injection scemes for PAPR reduction of DCO-OFDM visible ligt communications YONGQIANG HEI,,JIAO LIU, WENTAO LI, XIAOCHUAN XU,3
More informationAn Experimental Downlink Multiuser MIMO System with Distributed and Coherently-Coordinated Transmit Antennas
An Experimental Downlink Multiuser MIMO System wit Distributed and Coerently-Coordinated Antennas Dragan Samardzija, Howard Huang, Reinaldo Valenzuela and Teodore Sizer Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent,
More informationNo-Reference Image Quality Assessment Based on Localized Gradient Statistics: Application to JPEG and JPEG2000
No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Based on Localized Gradient Statistics: Application to JPEG and JPEG2000 Hantao Liu* a, Judit Redi b, Hani Alers a, Rodolfo Zunino b, Ingrid Heynderickx a,c a Department
More informationComplex-valued restricted Boltzmann machine for direct learning of frequency spectra
INTERSPEECH 17 August, 17, Stockolm, Sweden Complex-valued restricted Boltzmann macine for direct learning of frequency spectra Toru Nakasika 1, Sinji Takaki, Junici Yamagisi,3 1 University of Electro-Communications,
More information3D Hole Inspection Using Lens with High Field Curvature
10.1515/msr-2015-0008 MEASUREMENT SCIENCE REVIEW, Volume 15, No. 1, 2015 3D Hole Inspection Using Lens wit Hig Field Curvature Petr Zavyalov Tecnological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering,
More informationGenetic Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network With Localization Based Techniques
International Journal of Scientific and Researc Publications, Volume, Issue 9, September 201 1 Genetic Algoritm for Wireless Sensor Network Wit Localization Based Tecniques * Kapil Uraiya, ** Dilip Kumar
More informationMODERN OPTICS -1. Tutorial Solutions
MODERN OPTICS - Tutorial Solutions Reision and General Optics All questions ere are general background optics wic will be assumed in tis course. Problem 3 requires tecnical details o te microscope wic
More informationBinary Search Tree (Part 2 The AVL-tree)
Yufei Tao ITEE University of Queensland We ave already learned a static version of te BST. In tis lecture, we will make te structure dynamic, namely, allowing it to support updates (i.e., insertions and
More informationImage Feature Extraction and Recognition of Abstractionism and Realism Style of Indonesian Paintings
Image Feature Extraction and Recognition of Abstractionism and Realism Style of Indonesian Paintings Tieta Antaresti R P and Aniati Murni Arymurty Faculty of Computer Science University of Indonesia Depok
More informationDevelopment of Outdoor Service Robots
SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference 2006 Oct. 18-21, 2006 in Bexco, Busan, Korea Development of Outdoor Service Robots Takesi Nisida 1, Yuji Takemura 1, Yasuiro Fucikawa 1, Suici Kurogi 1, Suji Ito
More informationColor image Demosaicing. CS 663, Ajit Rajwade
Color image Demosaicing CS 663, Ajit Rajwade Color Filter Arrays It is an array of tiny color filters placed before the image sensor array of a camera. The resolution of this array is the same as that
More informationLecture 18: Mobile Radio Propagation: Large Scale Prop. Modeling. Mobile Radio Propagation: Large Scale Propagation Modeling
EE 499: Wireless & Mobile Communications (08) Mobile Raio Propagation: Large Scale Propagation Moeling Raio Wave Propagation Raio waves suffer from several cannel problems as tey travel troug te air. Some
More informationDESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MIMO SYSTEM FOR UWB COMMUNICATION
DESIGN AND ANAYSIS OF IO SYSTE FOR UWB COUNICATION iir N. oanty, onalisa Bol, axmi Prasad isra 3, Sanjat Kumar isra 4 ITER, Siksa O Anusandan University, Bubaneswar, Odisa, 75030, India Seemanta Engineering
More informationMulti-agent coordination via a shared wireless spectrum
217 IEEE 56t Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) December 12-15, 217, Melbourne, Australia Multi-agent coordination via a sared wireless spectrum Cameron Nowzari Abstract Tis paper considers
More informationComparison of color demosaicing methods
Comparison of color demosaicing metods Olivier Losson, Ludovic Macaire, Yanqin Yang To cite tis version: Olivier Losson, Ludovic Macaire, Yanqin Yang. Comparison of color demosaicing metods. Advances in
More informationAn Efficient Handoff Scheme Using a Minimum Residual Time First Scheme
An Efficient Handoff Sceme Using a Minimum Residual Time First Sceme Bilal Owaidat Rola Kassem and Hamza Issa Abstract Wen a mobile station (MS) wit an ongoing call is about to leave a cell te base station
More informationAalborg Universitet. Published in: IET Power Electronics. DOI (link to publication from Publisher): /iet-pel Publication date: 2018
Aalborg Universitet Load-Independent Harmonic Mitigation in SCR-Fed Tree-Pase Multiple Adjustable Speed Drive Systems wit Deliberately Dispatced Firing Angles Yang, Yongeng; Davari, Pooya; Blaabjerg, Frede;
More informationA Study of Grounding Grid Characteristics with Conductive Concrete
A Study of Grounding Grid Caracteristics wit Conductive Concrete Cun-Yao Lee and Siang-Ren Wang Abstract e purpose of tis paper is to improve electromagnetic caracteristics on grounding grid by applying
More informationJournal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 7 (1) (2014) Research Article
Jestr Journal of Engineering Science and Tecnology Review 7 (1) (2014) 52 59 Researc Article JOURNAL OF Engineering Science and Tecnology Review www.jestr.org A Parallelized Implementation of Turbo Decoding
More informationAbstract 1. INTRODUCTION
Allocating armonic emission to MV customers in long feeder systems V.J. Gosbell and D. Robinson Integral nergy Power Quality Centre University of Wollongong Abstract Previous work as attempted to find
More informationCompatibility and Safety Volume for Electromagnetic Exposure Limits in Shared Sites for 2G and 3G Wireless Communications
Compatibility and Safety Volume for Electromagnetic Exposure imits in Sared Sites for G and 3G Wireless Communications Rogelio Jiménez Jiménez*, Diego Ortega abajos*, Florentino Jiménez **, Rafael Herradón**
More informationArchitecture for filtering images using Xilinx System Generator
Arcitecture for filtering images using Xilinx System Generator Alba M. Sáncez G., Ricardo Alvarez G., Sully Sáncez G.; FCC and FCE BUAP Abstract Tis paper presents an arcitecture for filters pixel by pixel
More informationIMAGE ILLUMINATION (4F 2 OR 4F 2 +1?)
IMAGE ILLUMINATION ( OR +?) BACKGROUND Publications abound wit two differing expressions for calculating image illumination, te amount of radiation tat transfers from an object troug an optical system
More informationTraffic Sign Detection with VG-RAM Weightless Neural Networks
Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Dallas, Texas, USA, August 4-9, 013 Traffic Sign Detection wit VG-RAM Weigtless Neural Networks Alberto F. De Souza, Cayo Fontana, Filipe
More informationLecture-3 Amplitude Modulation: Single Side Band (SSB) Modulation
Lecture-3 Amplitude Modulation: Single Side Band (SSB) Modulation 3.0 Introduction. 3.1 Baseband Signal SSB Modulation. 3.1.1 Frequency Domain Description. 3.1. Time Domain Description. 3. Single Tone
More informationPunctured Binary Turbo-Codes with Optimized Performance
Punctured Binary Turbo-odes wit Optimized Performance I. atzigeorgiou, M. R. D. Rodrigues, I. J. Wassell Laboratory for ommunication Engineering omputer Laboratory, University of ambridge {ic1, mrdr, iw}@cam.ac.uk
More informationANALYSIS OF HARMONIC DISTORTION LEVELS ON A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Presented in AUPEC 7, Pert, Western Australia, 9- December, 7 ANALYSIS OF HARMONIC DISTORTION LEVELS ON A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK Glenn Nicolson - Manukau Institute of Tecnology, Auckland, New Zealand Professor
More informationDemosaicing Algorithms
Demosaicing Algorithms Rami Cohen August 30, 2010 Contents 1 Demosaicing 2 1.1 Algorithms............................. 2 1.2 Post Processing.......................... 6 1.3 Performance............................
More informationFuzzy Anti-windup Schemes for NCTF Control of Point-to-point (PTP) Positioning Systems
American Journal of Applied Sciences, 4 (4): 0-8, 007 ISSN 1546-939 007 Science Publications Fuzzy Anti-windup Scemes for NCTF Control of Point-to-point (PTP) Positioning Systems Wayudi, Riza Muida and
More informationLoading transformers with non sinusoidal currents
LES00070-ZB rev. Loading transformers wit non sinusoidal currents K Factor Loading transformers wit non sinusoidal currents... Interpretation / example... 6 Copyrigt 007 ABB, All rigts reserved. LES00070-ZB
More informationThe Online-Measurement System Design for the Temperature Rise of AC Motor Winding Based on FFT
Researc Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Tecnology (): -, ISSN: - Maxwell Scientific Organization, Submitted: May, Accepted: June, Publised: November, Te Online-Measurement System Design for
More informationA Visible Light Localization Aided Optical Wireless System
2nd IEEE Worksop on Optical Wireless Communications A Visible Ligt Localization Aided Optical Wireless System Giulio Cossu, Marco Presi, Raffaele Corsini, Pallab Coudury, Amir Masood Kalid and Ernesto
More informationPolyphase Filter Approach for High Performance, FPGA-Based Quadrature Demodulation
Polypase Filter Approac for Hig Performance, FPGA-Based Quadrature Demodulation J.M.P. Langlois 1, D. Al-Kalili 1, R.J. Inkol 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Military College
More informationCOMPUTATION OF THE NETWORK HARMONIC IMPEDANCE WITH CHIRP-Z TRANSFORM
METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS Index 330930, ISSN 0860-8229 www.metrology.pg.gda.pl COMPUTATION OF THE NETWORK HARMONIC IMPEDANCE WITH CHIRP-Z TRANSFORM Krzysztof Duda, Dariusz Borkowski, Andrzej Bień
More informationFrancesc Casanellas C. Sant Ramon, Aiguafreda - Spain NATURAL PERSPECTIVE
Francesc Casanellas C. Sant Ramon, 5 08591 Aiguafreda - Spain +34 677 00 00 00 francesc@casanellas.com - www.casanellas.com NATURAL PERSPECTIVE Introduction Te first studies on perspective were made in
More informationOPTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR RELIEF STUDY OF MONA LISA'S WOODEN SUPPORT
OPTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR RELIEF STUDY OF MONA LISA'S WOODEN SUPPORT Fabrice Brémand, Pascal Doumalin, Jean-Cristope Dupré, Franck Hesser, and Valéry Valle Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, CNRS, UMR
More informationPerformance Analysis for LTE Wireless Communication
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Performance Analysis for LTE Wireless Communication To cite tis article: S Tolat and T C Tiong 2015 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci.
More informationSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University. ECE 303: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves. Fall 2007
Scool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University ECE 303: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves Fall 007 Homework 11 Due on Nov. 9, 007 by 5:00 PM Reading Assignments: i) Review te lecture notes.
More informationPerformance Improvement of 4x4 Extended Alamouti Scheme with Implementation of Eigen Beamforming Technique
Performance Improvement of 4x4 Extended Alamouti Sceme wit Implementation of Eigen Beamforming Tecnique Maarsi N. Rindani Lecturer, EC Department RK University, Rajkot, ndia-360007 Niscal M. Rindani Sr.
More informationPerformance analysis and comparison of m x n zero forcing and MMSE equalizer based receiver for mimo wireless channel
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Tecnol. 33 (3), 335-340, May - Jun. 0 ttp://www.sjst.psu.ac.t Original Article Performance analysis and comparison of m x n zero forcing and MMSE equalizer based receiver for mimo
More informationLINEAR IRRADIATION TYPE UV-LED UNIT. Concentration of optical technology
LINEAR IRRADIATION TYPE U-LED UNIT Concentration of optical tecnology LINEAR IRRADIATION TYPE U-LED UNIT Offering U-LED ligt sources wit a cluster of potonics tecnology Te LC-L5G U-LED ligt sources ave
More informationGlobal Journal of researches in engineering Electrical and electronics engineering
Global Journal of researces in engineering Electrical and electronics engineering Volume 11 Issue 6 Version 1. October 211 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Researc Journal Publiser: Global
More informationSpectrum Sharing with Multi-hop Relaying
Spectrum Saring wit Multi-op Relaying Yong XIAO and Guoan Bi Scool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Tecnological University, Singapore Email: xiao001 and egbi@ntu.edu.sg Abstract Spectrum
More informationPhillips and D. P. Woody and G. J. Dolan and R. E. Miller. Bell Labs, Murray Hi1 1, N. J and R. A. Linke
684 EEE TRANSACTONS ON MAGNETCS, VOL. MAC-~, NO. 1, JANUARY 1981 DAYEM-MARTN (SS TUNNEL JUNCTON)MXERS FOR LOW NOSE HETERODYNE RECEVERS Superconducting tin film tunnel junctions of 2 smal 1 area (.1 +1
More informationResearch Article Discrete Wavelet Transform on Color Picture Interpolation of Digital Still Camera
VLSI Design Volume 2013, Article ID 738057, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/738057 Research Article Discrete Wavelet Transform on Color Picture Interpolation of Digital Still Camera Yu-Cheng Fan
More informationOverview of MIMO Radio Channels
Helsinki University of Tecnology S.72.333 Postgraduate Course in Radio Communications Overview of MIMO Radio Cannels 18, May 2004 Suiyan Geng gsuiyan@cc.ut.fi Outline I. Introduction II. III. IV. Caracteristics
More informationFINAL REPORT FOR NCHRP 20-7 (364)
FINAL REPORT FOR NCHRP 20-7 (364) Revisions of AASHTO PP 74 Test Metod for Optical sizing and Sape Determination of Glass Beads Utilized in Traffic Marings August 2017 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NAS-NRC
More informationCAPACITY OF MULTIPLE ACCESS CHANNELS WITH CORRELATED JAMMING
CAPACITY OF MULTIPLE ACCESS CHANNELS WITH CORRELATED JAMMING Sabnam Safiee and Sennur Ulukus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park, MD ABSTRACT We investigate
More informationAnalysis of Rectangular Notch Antenna for Dual-Band Operation
Engineering, 00,, 9-96 doi:0.436/eng.00.0 Publised Online February 00 (ttp://www.scirp.org/journal/eng). Analysis of Rectangular Notc Antenna for Dual-Band Operation Abstract Rajes Kumar Viswakarma, Sanjay
More informationOPTI-502 Optical Design and Instrumentation I John E. Greivenkamp Homework Set 5 Fall, 2018
Homework Set 5 all, 2018 Assigned: 9/26/18 Lecture 11 Due: 10/3/18 Lecture 13 Midterm Exam: Wednesday October 24 (Lecture 19) 5-1) Te following combination of tin lenses in air is in a telepoto configuration:
More informationNovel image processing algorithms and methods for improving their robustness and operational performance
Loughborough Uniersity Institutional Repository Noel image processing algorithms and methods for improing their robustness and operational performance This item was submitted to Loughborough Uniersity's
More informationON THE USE OF MULTI-HARMONIC LEAST-SQUARES FITTING FOR THD ESTIMATION IN POWER QUALITY ANALYSIS
Metrol. Meas. Syst., Vol. XIX (2012), No. 2, pp. 295-306. METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS Index 330930, ISSN 0860-8229 www.metrology.pg.gda.pl ON THE USE OF MULTI-HARMONIC LEAST-SQUARES FITTING FOR THD
More informationOptimal DG Placement and Sizing in Distribution System for Loss and THD Reduction
International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174 Volume 5, Number 3 (2012), pp. 227-237 International Researc Publication House ttp://www.irpouse.com Optimal Placement and
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Limited Feedback Schemes for 3D Beamforming in LTE-Advanced System
Performance Evaluation of Limited Feedback Scemes for 3D Beamforming in LTE-Advanced System Sang-Lim Ju, Young-Jae Kim, and Won-Ho Jeong Department of Radio and Communication Engineering Cungbuk National
More informationDirectional Derivative, Gradient and Level Set
Directional Derivative, Gradient and Level Set Liming Pang 1 Directional Derivative Te partial derivatives of a multi-variable function f(x, y), f f and, tell us te rate of cange of te function along te
More informationh = v h 2 = height of the object is negative for inverted image and positive for erect image. is always positive. Direction of incident light
6. C a p t e r at G l a n c e Ligt related penomena can be studied wit mirrors and lenses. A mirror is a reflecting surface wile a lens is a transparent material. Mirrors are mainly of tree types : plane
More informationA REVIEW OF THE NEW AUSTRALIAN HARMONICS STANDARD AS/NZS
A REVIEW OF THE NEW AUSTRALIAN HARMONICS STANDARD AS/NZS 61000.3.6 Abstract V. J. Gosbell 1, P. Muttik 2 and D.K. Geddey 3 1 University of Wollongong, 2 Alstom, 3 Transgrid v.gosbell@uow.edu.au Harmonics
More informationFatigue Lifetime Assessment of Aircraft Engine Disc via Multi-source Information Fusion Abstract: Keywords: PACS (2010).
DOI 10.1515/tjj-2013-0043 Int. J. Turo Jet-ngines 2014; 31(2): 167 174 Hong-Zong Huang* Ping-Liang Cui Weiwen Peng Hui-Ying Gao and Hai-Kun Wang Fatigue Lifetime Assessment of Aircraft ngine Disc via Multi-source
More information5.3 Sum and Difference Identities
SECTION 5.3 Sum and Difference Identities 21 5.3 Sum and Difference Identities Wat you ll learn about Cosine of a Difference Cosine of a Sum Sine of a Difference or Sum Tangent of a Difference or Sum Verifying
More informationLOADING OF TRANSFORMERS BEYOND NAMEPLATE RATING
LOADING OF TRANSFORMERS BEYOND NAMEPLATE RATING by K. B. M. I. Perera and J. R. Lucas Abstract Te application of a load in excess of nameplate ratings, and/or an ambient temperature iger tan designed of
More informationEnergy Savings with an Energy Star Compliant Harmonic Mitigating Transformer
Energy Savings wit an Energy Star Compliant Harmonic Mitigating Transformer Tony Hoevenaars, P.Eng, Vice President Mirus International Inc. Te United States Environmental Protection Agency s Energy Star
More informationAccuracy of a Low-cost Autonomous Hexacopter Platforms Navigation Module for a Photogrammetric and Environmental Measurements
Environmental Engineering 10t International Conference eissn 2029-7092 / eisbn 978-609-76-0-0 Vilnius Gediminas Tecnical University Lituania, 27 28 April 2017 Article ID: enviro.2017.17 ttp://enviro.vgtu.lt
More informationDamping Algorithm based on Phasor Estimation
Damping Algoritm based on Pasor Estimation Lennart Ängquist, Non-member IEEE ABB Power Systems AB S-7 64 Västerås, Sweden Abstract: Te paper describes a new metod to generate te reactance reference for
More informationModelling Capture Behaviour in IEEE Radio Modems
Modelling Capture Beaviour in IEEE 80211 Radio Modems Cristoper Ware, Joe Cicaro, Tadeusz Wysocki cris@titruoweduau 20t February Abstract In tis paper we investigate te performance of common capture models
More informationA new melting layer detection algorithm that combines polarimetric radar-based detection with thermodynamic output from numerical models
ERAD 014 - THE EIGHTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADAR IN METEOROLOGY A new melting layer detection algoritm tat combines polarimetric radar-based detection wit termodynamic output from numerical models Terry
More informationTotal Dose Effects on Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS): Accelerometers*
EEE TRANSACTONS ON NUCLEAR SCENCE, VOL. 43, NO. 6, DECEMBER 1996 3127 Total Dose Effects on Microelectromecanical Systems (MEMS): Accelerometers* C.. Lee, A. H. Jonston, W. C. Tang, and C. E. Bames Jet
More informationDesign, Realization And Measurements of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Three Direct Feeding Modes For 2.45ghz Applications
International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Tecnology VOL. 9, NO. 8, August 2017, 150 156 Available online at: www.ijceit.org E-ISSN 2412-8856 (Online) Design, Realization And Measurements
More informationContour Measuring System CONTRACER CV-1000/2000
Form Measurement Contour Measuring System CONTRACER CV-1000/2000 Bulletin No. 1978 Digital, cost-effective contour measuring instruments feature excellent portability and versatility. Digital analysis
More informationSTRUCTURAL DESIGN ENGINEERING OF WOVEN FABRIC BY SOFT COMPUTING: PART I - PLAIN WEAVE
AUTEX Researc Journal Vol. June AUTEX STRUCTURAL ESIGN ENGINEERING OF WOVEN FARIC Y SOFT COMPUTING: PART I - PLAIN WEAVE Rajes Misra ana Kremenakova.K. eera & Jiri Militky Faculty of Textile Engineering
More informationGrade 10 Mathematics: Question Paper 2
Matematics(NSC)/Grade 10/ P2 6 Exemplar Grade 10 Matematics: Question Paper 2 MRKS: 100 TIME: 2 ours QUESTION 1 1.1 Give te co-coordinates of, te new co-ordinates ofte point (-2; 5) if: 1.1.1 It is reflected
More informationDYNAMIC BEAM FORMING USING CHIRP SIGNALS
BeBeC-018-D04 DYNAMIC BEAM FORMING USING CHIRP SIGNALS Stuart Bradley 1, Lily Panton 1 and Matew Legg 1 Pysics Department, University of Auckland 38 Princes Street, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand Scool of
More informationOn the Downlink Capacity of WCDMA Systems with Transmit Diversity
On te Downlink Capacity of WCDMA Systems wit ransmit Diversity Vaibav Sing, Oya Yilmaz, Jialing Wang, Kartigeyan Reddy, and S. Ben Slimane Radio Communication Systems Department of Signals, Sensors, and
More informationMIMO-based Jamming Resilient Communication in Wireless Networks
MIMO-based Jamming Resilient Communication in Wireless Networks Qiben Yan Huaceng Zeng Tingting Jiang Ming Li Wening Lou Y. Tomas Hou Virginia Polytecnic Institute and State University, VA, USA Uta State
More informationCopyright 2005, Favour Education Centre. Mathematics Exercises for Brilliancy Book 3. Applications of trigonometry.
Unit 20 pplications of trigonometry Important facts 1. Key terms gradient ( 斜率 ), angle of inclination ( 傾斜角 ) angle of elevation ( 仰角 ), angle of depression ( 俯角 ), line of sigt ( 視線 ), orizontal ( 水平線
More informationHemispherical Lens Based Imaging Receiver for MIMO Optical Wireless Communications
Hemisperical Lens Based Imaging Receiver for MIMO Optical Wireless Communications Dr. Tomas. Q. Wang, Dr. Y. Amet Sekercioglu and Prof. Jean Armstrong Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering
More informationGENERALLY, the power loss in the winding of an
INTL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS, 00, VOL. 6, NO., PP. 7-6 Manuscript received July 0, 00: revised September, 00. DOI: 0.78/v077-00-00- Foil Winding Resistance and Power Loss in Individual
More information