Basic Symbols for Register Transfers. Symbol Description Examples

Transcription

1 T-58 Basic Symbols for Register Trasfers TABLE 7- Basic Symbols for Register Trasfers Symbol Descriptio Examples Letters Deotes a register AR, R2, DR, IR (ad umerals) Paretheses Deotes a part of a register R2(), R2(7:), AR(L) Arrow Deotes trasfer of data R R2 Comma Separates simultaeous trasfers R R2, R2 R Square brackets Specifies a address for memory DR M[ AR] 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

2 T-59 Arithmetic Microoperatios TABLE 7-2 Arithmetic Microoperatios Symbolic desigatio R R R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R R R2 R R R R Descriptio Cotets of R plus R2 trasferred to R Complemet of the cotets of R2 ( s complemet) 2 s complemet of the cotets of R2 R plus 2 s complemet of R2 trasferred to R (subtractio) Icremet the cotets of R (cout up) Decremet the cotets of R (cout dow) 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

3 T-6 Logic Microoperatios TABLE 7-3 Logic Microoperatios Symbolic desigatio R R R R R2 R R R2 R R R2 Descriptio Logical bitwise NOT ( s complemet) Logical bitwise AND (clears bits) Logical bitwise OR (sets bits) Logical bitwise XOR (complemets bits) 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

4 T-6 Fuctio Table for Arithmetic Circuit TABLE 7-6 Fuctio Table for Arithmetic Circuit Select Iput G A Y C i S S Y C i C i all s G A (trasfer) G A (icremet) B G A B (add) G A B B G A B G A B (subtract) all s G A (decremet) G A (trasfer) 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

5 T-62 Fuctio Table for ALU TABLE 7-7 Fuctio Table for ALU Operatio Select S 2 S S C i Operatio Fuctio G A Trasfer A G A Icremet A G A B Additio G A B Add with carry iput of G A B A plus s complemet of B G A B Subtractio G A Decremet A G A Trasfer A X G A B AND X G A B OR X G A B XOR X G A NOT ( s complemet) 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

6 T-63 Fuctio Table for 4-Bit Barrel Shifter TABLE 7-8 Fuctio Table for 4-Bit Barrel Shifter Select Output S S Y 3 Y 2 Y Y Operatio D 3 D 2 D D No rotatio D 2 D D D 3 Rotate oe positio D D D 3 D 2 Rotate two positios D D 3 D 2 D Rotate three positios 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

7 T-64 G Select, H Select, ad MF Select Codes Defied i Terms of FS Codes G Select, H Select, ad MF Select Codes Defied i Terms of FS Codes FS MF Select G Select H Select Microoperatio F A F A F A B F A B F A B F A B F A F A F A B F A B F A B F A F sr A F sl A 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

8 T-65 Ecodig of Cotrol Word for the Datapath TABLE 7- Ecodig of Cotrol Word for the Datapath DA, AA, BA MB FS MD RW Fuctio Code Fuctio Code Fuctio Code Fuctio Code Fuctio Code R Register F A Fuctio No write R Costat F A Data I Write R2 F A B R3 F A B R4 F A B R5 F A B R6 F A R7 F A F A B F A B F A B F A F sr A F sl A 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

9 T-66 Examples of Microoperatios for the Datapath Usig Symbolic Notatio TABLE 7- Examples of Microoperatios for the Datapath, Usig Symbolic Notatio Microoperatio DA AA BA MB FS MD RW R R2 R3 R R2 R3 Register F A B Fuctio Write R4 sl R6 R4 R6 Register F sl A Fuctio Write R7 R7 R7 R7 Register F A Fuctio Write R R 2 R Costat F A B Fuctio Write Data out R3 R3 Register No Write R4 Data i R4 Data i Write R5 R5 R R Register F A B Fuctio Write 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

10 T-67 Examples of Microoperatios from Table 7-, Usig Biary Cotrol Words TABLE 7-2 Examples of Microoperatios from Table 7-, Usig Biary Cotrol Words Microoperatio DA AA BA MB FS MD RW R R2 R3 R4 sl R6 R7 R7 R R 2 Data out R3 R4 Data i R5 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

11 T-68 Iteractio betwee Datapath ad Cotrol Uit Cotrol sigals Cotrol iputs Cotrol uit Status sigals Datapath Data outputs Cotrol outputs Data iputs 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

12 T-69 Block Diagrams of Registers R (a) Register R 5 (b) Idividual bits of 8-bit register R2 PC(H) PC(L) (c) Numberig of 6-bit register (d) Two-part 6-bit register 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

13 T-7 Trasfer from R to R2 whe K = K Load Trasfer occurs here t t + R R2 Clock Clock K 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

14 T-7 Implemetatio of Add ad Subtract Microoperatios R2 C C Adder-Subtractor Select (S) X V C R Load K 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

15 T-72 Use of Multiplexers to Select betwee Two Registers R2 4 K2 K S MUX 4 Load R R 4 (a) Block diagram K2 K R2 REGISTER LOAD C 2 to MUX S R REGISTER LOAD D D D 2 D 3 R Q Q Q 2 Q 3 REGISTER LOAD A A A 2 A 3 Y Y B B B 2 B 3 Y 2 Y 3 D D D 2 D 3 C Q Q Q 2 Q 3 Clock C D D D 2 D 3 Q Q Q 2 Q 3 (b) Detailed logic 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

16 T-73 Sigle Bus versus Dedicated Multiplexers Select SSS2 Load LLL2 Load LLL2 S 2 to MUX R R Select S 2 to MUX R S S 3 to MUX 2 Bus R S 2 to MUX R2 R2 (a) Dedicated multiplexers (b) Sigle Bus 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

17 T-74 Three-State Bus versus Multiplexer Bus Load LLL2 Load L2LL Eable E2EE Load LOAD R Select 2 R R E Bus E 3 to MUX Bus R R Load E R E R2 R2 E (a) Register with bidirectioal iput-output lies ad symbol (b) Multiplexer bus (c) Three-state bus usig registers with bidirectioal lies 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

18 T-75 Memory Uit Coected to Address ad Data Buses Address bus decoder Timig ad cotrol Data bus destiatio decoder 2 3 Load 2 Eable Data bus source decoder 2 3 Eable A A A2 D2 D D k Address bus Data bus Read Write Memory 2 k x 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

19 T-76 Block Diagram of a Datapath Load eable A select B select D data Write A address B address Load R 2 2 Load R Load R2 2 3 MUX 2 3 MUX 2 3 Decoder Load R3 Register file 2 D address Costat i A data B data Destiatio select MB select S MUX B A Bus A B Bus B Address Out Data Out G select 4 A S 2: &C i B H select S A V C N Z Zero Detect MF select Arithmetic/logic uit (ALU) G MUX F F Shifter H Fuctio uit Data I MD select Bus D MUX D 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

20 T-77 Block Diagram of -Bit ALU A Data iput A Data iput B A A B B B -bit arithmetic/ logic uit (ALU) G G G Data output G Carry iput Operatio select { C i S S C out Carry output Mode select S by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

21 T-78 Block Diagram of a Arithmetic Circuit C i A X B S B iput logic Y -bit parallel adder G = X + Y + C i S C out 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

22 T-79 B Iput Logic for Oe Stage of Arithmetic Circuit Iputs Output S S B i Y i Y i = Y i = B i Y i = B i S S Y i = B i (a) Truth table (b) Map Simplificatio: Y i = B i S + B i S 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

23 T-8 Logic Diagram of a 4-bit Arithmetic Circuit C i S S C A B X Y FA C G A B X Y FA C 2 G A 2 B 2 X 2 Y 2 FA C 3 G 2 A 3 B 3 X 3 FA G 3 Y 3 C 4 C out 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

24 T-8 Oe Stage of Logic Circuit S S S S 4 to MUX A i B i 2 G i S S Output G = A B ^ G = A B ^ G = A B G = A Operatio AND OR XOR NOT 3 (b) Fuctio Table (a) Logic Diagram 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

25 T-82 Oe Stage of ALU C i C i + A i B i Oe stage of arithmetic circuit 2 to MUX S G i S S S 2 Oe stage of logic circuit 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

26 T-83 4-Bit Basic Shifter A 3 A 2 A A Serial output L Serial output R I R I L S M U X S M U X S M U X S M U X S H 3 H 2 H H 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

27 T-84 4-Bit Barrel Shifter D 3 D 2 D D S S 3 2 S S M U X 3 2 S S M U X 3 2 S S M U X 3 2 S S M U X Y 3 Y 2 Y Y 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

28 T-85 Block Diagram of Datapath Usig the Register File ad Fuctio Uit m m Write D address A address D data 2 m x Register file B address m A data B data Costat i MB select MUX B Bus A Bus B Address out Data out FS 5 A B V C N Fuctio uit Z F Data i MD select MUX D 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

29 T-86 Datapath with Cotrol Variables RW Write D data DA D address 8 x Register file AA 3 2 A address A data B address B data 9 8 BA Costat i MB 7 Bus A MUX B Bus B Address out Data out A B V C N Z Fuctio uit FS 3 2 Data i MD MUX D Bus D (a) Block Diagram DA AA BA M B FS M D R W (b) Cotrol word 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

30 T-87 Simulatio of the Microoperatio Sequece i Table 7-2 Clock DA AA BA MB RW Costat i FS Data i MD R R R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 Status bits Address out Data out C 8 FF C by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

31 T-88 Covetioal ad Pipelied Datapaths Clock 3 s 3 3 s Register file Clock WB OF Register file 3 s 3 s MUX B s MUX B s OF EX s Fuctio uit 4 s 2 Fuctio uit 4 s MUX D s EX WB s 3 MUX D s (a) Covetioal (b) Pipelied 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

32 T-89 Assembly Lie Aalogy to Datapath Pipelie 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

33 T-9 Block Diagram of Pipelied Datapath OF Operad Fetch (OF) AA Costat i Register file A data B data BA MUX B MB OF EX Address out Data out 2 Execute (EX) FS V C N Z A Fuctio uit F B Data i EX WB 3 Write-back (WB) WB RW DA MD MUX D D data Register file (same as above) 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay MANO & KIME Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458

34 T-9 Pipelie Executio Patter for Microoperatio Sequece i Table 7-2 Clock cycle R R2 R3 R4 sl R6 2 R7 R7 + 3 R R Data out R3 5 R4 Data i 6 R5 7 Microoperatio OF EX WB OF EX WB OF EX WB OF EX WB OF EX WB OF EX WB OF EX WB 997 by Pretice-Hall, Ic. Simo & Schuster / A Viacom Compay Mao & Kime Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 7458