WDMA I.S.1A-04. Architectural Wood Flush Doors. Industry Standard for

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1 WDMA I.S.1A-04 Industry Standard for Architectural Wood Flush Doors

2 WDMA Green Products Task Force Statement of Beliefs The membership of the Window & Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA) is aware of the critical role forests play in the quality of life within the global eco-system and, therefore, recognizes the need for Sustainable Forest Management. WDMA defines Sustainable Forest Management as the stewardship of forests in a way that promotes the health, productivity and potential to fulfill relevant ecological, economic and social functions at the local, national and global levels, both today and for future generations. WDMA will offer assistance and encouragement to its membership to become more knowledgeable of the critical importance of Sustainable Forestry Management and various certification programs currently available to which vendors may subscribe that attempt, among other goals, to satisfy the need for Sustainable Forest Management (such as the ISO EMS program, the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA)), as well as similar programs currently available or that may be developed and are also deemed acceptable after evaluation. WDMA will work actively within its membership to increase the membership's awareness of available sources of raw material that satisfy the goal of Sustainable Forestry Management that can be used in the production of windows and doors. Approved by the WDMA Board of Directors August 12, WDMA I.S.1A

3 Table of Contents GREEN PRODUCTS STATEMENT OF BELIEFS FOREWORD WDMA Door Division Architectural Wood Flush Doors Introduction Performance Duty Levels for Architectural Wood Flush Doors Purpose GLOSSARY DESCRIPTORS D1 Architectural Wood Flush Door Descriptors ,11 AESTHETICS A 1 Aesthetic Grades For Architectural Wood Flush Doors...12 A 2 Face Selection A 3 Appearance of Individual Pieces of Face Veneer A4 Matching Between Individual Face Veneer Pieces A 5 Assembly of Spliced Face Veneer on Door Face A 6 Appearance of Doors in Pairs or Sets A 7 Appearance of Doors with Transoms A 8 Door Face Veneer Characteristics A 9 Fabrication PERFORMANCE P 1 Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors P 2 Suggested Installation Chart P 3 Dimensional Tolerances P 4 Flame Spread Smoke Development CONSTRUCTION General C1 Face Requirements C2 Crossbanding Requirements C3 Core Requirements C4 Edge Requirements C5 Vertical & Horizontal Edge/Core Interface C6 Adhesives C7 Construction Details , 29 C8 Fire Doors ,31 C9 Special Function Doors C10 Veneer Particleboard Core Veneer Fire Resistant Composite Core ,33 C11 HPDL Particleboard Core HPDL Fire Resistant Composite Core ,35 C12 Veneer Structural Composite Lumber Core Veneer Stave Lumber Core ,37 C13 HPDL Structural Composite Lumber Core HPDL Stave Lumber Core ,39 C14 Veneer Hollow Core HPDL Hollow Core ,41 FINISHING General...42 F1 Factory Finishing F2 Finish Selection F3 Finish System Description ,44 F4 Sample Submission F5 Job Site Finishing F6 Visual Inspection Standards F7 Characteristics of Standard Wood Door Finishing Systems ,47 TESTS T1 Telegraph T2 Warp T3 Squareness J 1 JOB SITE INFORMATION How to Store, Handle, Finish, Install and Maintain Wood Doors ,49 APPENDIX Guide Specification Checklist ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS WDMA I.S.1A

4 Foreword WDMA Door Division The architectural wood flush door manufacturer and material supplier members of the WDMA Door Division combine to promote the use of architectural wood and laminate doors, to maintain quality standards and to provide other informational services. Acceptance, specification and other use of this standard is completely voluntary, as the WDMA does not in any way control or regulate the method or manner of manufacture or production of industry products by its various members. Because of constant technological changes and product improvements in component parts used by wood door manufacturers, industry standards referenced in this document may become outdated. This standard is under constant review so that situations such as these can be evaluated, recognized, and incorporated as quickly as possible. It is the intent of this standard to provide wood doors consistent with industry practices and technical advances. This version (2004) takes precedence over previous versions. Architectural Wood Flush Doors An architectural wood flush door is the pinnacle of wood door manufacturing. Architectural wood flush doors are part of the building s permanent furniture. The requirements for their manufacture are, therefore, indicative of their place as the building s permanent, visible, operable equipment. Introduction This standard, WDMA I.S.1A is a general industry standard that provides quality levels for the construction of architectural wood flush doors. Function, performance and aesthetics are combined in producing a wood flush door for a particular opening. Function and performance are primarily controlled by the wood door construction. Aesthetics are primarily controlled by species, veneer cut, matching of veneers and finish selected, or by the laminate selected. Performance Duty Levels for Architectural Wood Flush Doors Updated WDMA standards now require the designation of a performance duty level in addition to an aesthetic grade. Performance duty levels are based on the amount and severity of use. There are three levels of duty based on performance values of eight different attributes. It is the responsibility of the specifier to select the best door for each application and environment. Duty levels include: Extra Heavy Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where use is considered heavy and frequent, and requires the highest minimum performance standards. Heavy Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where usage is moderate, and requires intermediate minimum performance standards. Standard Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where frequency of use is low, and requires the lowest minimum performance standards. Note: If the performance duty level is not specified, Heavy Duty shall be the required standard. Purpose The purpose of this publication is: 1. Define, in exact terminology, the grades and performance duty levels of architectural wood flush doors available through this standard. 2. Provide general information, standards, and tests that will ensure all products complying with this standard can be evaluated on an equal basis. 3. Provide a logical, simple system of reference specifications, keyed to guide specifications, that will enable the architect to specify wood flush doors thoroughly, precisely, and accurately. 4. Provide information necessary for the owner s representative to properly determine whether or not there has been compliance with this standard. The responsibility for determining quality compliance rests with the owner s representative. A review and approval, by the owner s representative, of all details and submittals for compliance is essential. 5. This Standard applies to architectural wood flush doors intended for interior application. Doors specified to meet this standard are not recommended for exterior use. In exterior use, temperature and humidity are not controlled on both sides of the door. Care must be taken when specifying architectural wood flush doors in exterior openings. Consult individual manufacturers for specific recommendations and warranty limitations. 4 WDMA I.S.1A

5 Glossary Balanced Match Barber Pole Bark Pocket Bevel Beveled Edge Bird Peck Blended Repair Tapering Blending Blister Bonded Core Book Match Book Size Brashness Bullet Resistant Doors Burl Burl, Bending Burl, Conspicuous Butt Joint Cathedral Center Match Chatter Checks Clustered Comb Grain Compatible Edge Band (CE) Two or more veneer components or leaves of equal size (prior to edge trimming) to make up a single face. An effect in book matching of veneers. Because the tight and loose faces alternate in adjacent pieces of veneer, they may accept stain or reflect light differently, resulting in a noticeable color variation. Comparatively small area of bark around which normal wood has grown. A machine angle other than a right angle, i.e., a 3 degree bevel that is equivalent to a 1/8 in. drop in a 2 in. span (1 mm in 16mm). An edge of the door which forms an angle of less than 90 degrees with the face of the door, such as a 3 degree beveled edge. A mark or wound in a tree or piece of wood caused by birds pecking on the growing tree in search of insects. A repair referring to end splits, repaired with wood or filler similar in color to blend well with adjacent wood. Color change that is detectable at a distance of 6 ft. to 8 ft. (1.8 m to 2.4 m) but which does not detract from the overall appearance of the door. Spot or area where veneer does not adhere. Stiles and rails (edge bands) are securely glued to the core prior to application of crossbanding, three ply skins, veneers or laminate. Adjacent pieces of veneer from a flitch or log are opened like a book and spliced to make up the face with matching occurring at the spliced joints. The fibers of the wood, slanting in opposite directions in the adjacent sheets, create a characteristic light and dark effect when the surface is seen from an angle. The height and width of a door prior to prefitting. Condition of wood characterized by a low resistance to shock and by abrupt failure across the grain without splintering. Doors that resist penetration by shots of varying caliber. Resistance may be rated as resistant to medium power, high power, or high power small arms and high power rifles. A swirl, twist or distortion in the grain of the wood, which usually occurs near a knot or crotch. A burl can often be associated with abrupt color variation and/or a cluster of adventitious buds. A swirl, twist or distortion in the grain of the wood which usually occurs near a knot or crotch but does not contain a knot and does not contain abrupt color variation. A bending burl is detectable at 6 ft. to 8 ft. (1.8 m to 2.4 m) as a swirl. A swirl, twist, or distortion in the grain of the wood which usually occurs near a knot or crotch. A conspicuous burl is associated with abrupt color variation and/or a cluster of small dark piths caused by a cluster of adventitious buds. A joint formed by square edge surfaces (ends, edges, and faces) coming together; end butt joint, edge butt joint. A grain appearance characterized by a series of stacked and inverted "V s", or cathedral type of springwood (earlywood) summerwood (latewood) patterns common in plain sliced (flat cut) veneer (see split heart). An even number of veneer components or leaves of equal size (prior to edge trimming) matched with a joint in the center of the panel to achieve horizontal symmetry. Line appearing across the face at right angles to the grain giving the appearance of one or more corrugations resulting from bad setting of sanding equipment. Small slits running parallel to grain wood, caused chiefly by strains produced in seasoning. When a defect described in the grading rule is sufficient in number and sufficiently close together to appear to be concentrated in one area. A quality of rift cut veneer with exceptionally straight grain and closely spaced growth increments resembling the appearance of long stands of combed hair. When relating door edge to face appearance the edge may not be the same species as the face, however, it may be similar in overall color, grain, character and contrast as the face (See Matching Edge Band). Component (Of Face Veneer) An individual piece of veneer that is joined to other pieces to achieve a full length and width face. Terms used interchangeably with component in the context of the face are piece and leaf. Composite (Cellulosic) Conspicuous Core (Hollow) A composite whose ingredients include cellulosic elements. These cellulosic elements can appear in the form of, but are not limited to: distinct fibers, fiber bundles, particles, wafers, flakes, strands and veneers. These elements may be bonded together with naturally occurring or synthetic polymers. Also, additives such as wax or preservatives may be added to enhance performance. See burl, conspicuous and knots, conspicuous pin. A core assembly of strips or other units of wood, wood derivative, or insulation board with intervening hollow cells or spaces which support the outer faces. Typical constructions are as follow: Mesh or Cellular- A hollow core composed of strips of wood, wood derivative or insulation board, interlocked and running horizontally, vertically or diagonally throughout the core area with air cells and/or spaces between the strips and supporting the outer faces. WDMA I.S.1A

6 Glossary Core (Solid) The innermost layer or section in flush door construction. Typical constructions are as follows: Particleboard-Small particles of wood and wood fiber that are bonded together with synthetic resin adhesives cured under heat and pressed into a rigid panel in a flat platen press. Stave- A solid core of wood blocks or strips. Structural Composite Lumber-Strands of wood fibers bonded together into a rigid panel, engineered for strength and stability providing an alternative to dimensional lumber. Core Fire Resistant A fire resistant core material generally used in wood doors requiring fire ratings of 3/4 hour or more. Engineered composite products meeting the minimum requirements of WDMA. Cross Bar Irregularity of grain resembling a dip in the grain running at right angles, or nearly so, to the length of the veneer. Cross Break Separation (break) of the wood cells across the grain. Such breaks may be due to internal strains resulting from unequal longitudinal shrinkage, or to external forces. Cross Figures A series of naturally occurring figure effects characterized by mild or dominant patterns across the grain in some faces. For example, a washboard effect occurs in fiddle-back cross figure; and cross wrinkles occur in the mottle figure. Crossbanding A ply placed between the core and face veneer in 5-ply construction or a ply placed between the back and face of a 3-ply skin in 7-ply construction, typically of hardwood veneer or engineered composite. Dead Knots (Open Knots) Openings where a portion of the wood knot has dropped out or where cross checks have occurred to present an opening. Decay The decomposition of wood substance by fungi. Defect, Open Checks, splits, open joints, knotholes, cracks, loose knots, wormholes, gaps, voids, or other opening interrupting the smooth continuity of the wood surface. Delamination Discolorations Doze Edge Band End Match Engineered Veneer Separation of plies or layers of wood or other material through failure of the adhesive bond. Stains in wood substances. Some common veneer stains are sap stains, blue stains, stain produced by chemical action caused by the iron in the cutting knife coming into contact with the tanic acid in the wood, and those resulting from the chemical action of the glue. A form of incipient decay characterized by dull and lifeless appearance of the wood, accompanied by a lack of strength and softening of the wood. A strip along the outside edges of the two sides and/or top and bottom of the door (See stiles/vertical edges, rails/horizontal edges). A single piece of veneer extends from the bottom to the top of the door with a mirror image at the transom. Veneers that are first peeled, normally from Obeche or Poplar logs. The peeled veneer leaves are dyed to a specified color, then glued together in a mold to produce a large laminated block. The shape of the mold determines the final grain configuration. The block is then sliced into leaves of veneer with a designed appearance that is highly repeatable. The outermost exposed wood veneer surface of a veneered wood door. Face Veneer Few A small number of characteristics without regard to their arrangement in the panel. Fill (Putty Repairs) A repair to an open defect, usually made with fast drying plastic putty. The repairs should be well made with non-shrinking putty of a color matching the surrounding area of the wood, to be flat and level with the face and panel, and to be sanded after application and drying. Finger Joint Fire Rated Doors Flake Flat-Cut Fleck, Ray (Flake) Flitch Gaps Grain Grain Slope Grain Sweep Gum Pockets Gum Spots & Streaks Hairline Half-round A series of interlocking fingers precision cut on the ends of two pieces of wood which mesh together and are held rigidly in place with adhesive. A door which has been constructed in such a manner that when installed in an assembly will pass a fire test under neutral (UL 10B) or positive (UL 10C) pressure criteria and can be rated as resisting fire for 20 minutes (1/3 hour), 45 minutes (3/4 hour), 1 hour, or 1-1/2 hours. The door must be tested and carry an identifying label from a qualified inspection agency. See Fleck, Ray. See plain-sliced. Portion of a ray as it appears on the quartered surface. Fleck can be dominant appearance in oak and is sometimes referred to as flake. A complete bundle of veneer sheets laid together in sequence as they are cut from a given log or section of log. Open slits in the inner ply or plies or improperly joined veneer when joined veneers are used for inner plies. The direction, size, arrangement and appearance of the fibers in wood or veneer. Expression of the angle of the grain to the long edges of the veneer component. Expression of the angle of the grain to the long edges of the veneer component over a 12 in. (300 mm) length from each end of the door. Well-defined opening between rings of annual growth containing gum or evidence of prior gum accumulations. Mainly cherry. Gum or resinous material of color spots caused by prior resin accumulations sometimes found on panel surfaces. Thin, perceptible line showing at the joint of two pieces of wood. A method of veneer cutting similar to rotary cutting, except that the piece being cut is secured to a "stay log" a device that permits the cutting of the log on a wider sweep than when mounted with it's center secured in the lathe to produce rotary sliced veneer. A type of half-round cutting is used to achieve plain-sliced or flat-cut veneer. 6 WDMA I.S.1A

7 Glossary Hardboard Homogeneous panels manufactured primarily from inter-felted lignocellulosic (wood) fibers consolidated under heat and pressure with density of 31 lb./ft. 3 (497 kg/m 3 ) or more. Hardwood General term used to designate lumber or veneer produced from temperate zone deciduous or tropical broad-leaved trees in contrast to softwood, which is produced from trees which are usually needle bearing or coniferous. The term does not infer hardness in its physical sense. Heartwood The nonactive center of a tree generally distinguishable from the outer portion (sapwood) by its darker color. High Pressure Decorative Laminate A high impact resistant surface material consisting of decorative surface paper impregnated with melamine resins pressed over multiple craft paper layers saturated with phenolic resins, thermoset at high pressure and temperature. Holes, Worm Holes resulting from infestation by worms greater than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) in diameter and not exceeding 5/8 inch (16 mm) in length. Inconspicuous Barely detectable with the naked eye at a distance of 6 ft. to 8 ft. (1.8 m to 2.4 m). Indentations Areas in the face that have been compressed as the result of residue on the platens of the hot press or handling damages. Intumescent A material that expands when exposed to extreme heat or fire to fill any gap between the door and frame or between doors. Joint The line of juncture between the edges or ends of two adjacent sheets of veneer. Joint, Edge Joint running parallel to the grain of the wood. Joint, Open Joint in which two adjacent pieces of veneer do not fit tightly together. Kiln-Dried Lumber dried in a closed chamber in which the removal of moisture is controlled by artificial heat and usually by relative humidity. Knife Marks Very fine lines that appear across the panel veneer or wood solids that can look as though they are raised resulting from some defect in the lathe knife that cannot be removed with sanding. Knot Cross section of tree branch or limb with grain usually running at right angles to that of the piece of wood in which it occurs. Knot Holes Knots, Blending Pin Voids produced by dropping of knots from the wood in which they were originally embedded. Sound knots 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) or less that generally do not contain dark centers. Blending pin knots are barely detectable at a distance of 6 ft. to 8 ft. (1.8 m to 2.4 m), do not detract from the overall appearance of the panel, and are not prohibited from appearing in all grades. Knots, Conspicuous Pin Sound knots 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) or less in diameter containing dark centers. Knots, Open Knots, Sound Tight Lap Lock Block Loose Side Low Pressure Decorative Laminate Openings where a portion of the wood substance of the knot was dropped out, or where cross checks have occurred to present an opening. Knots that are solid across their face and fixed by growth to retain their place. A condition where the pieces of veneer are so misplaced that one piece overlaps the other and does not make a smooth joint. A concealed block the same thickness as the door stile or core which is adjacent to the stile at a location corresponding to the lock location and into which a lock is fitted. In knife-cut veneer, that side of the sheet that was in contact with the knife as the veneer was being cut, and containing cutting checks (lathe checks) because of the bending of the wood at the knife edge. A decorative surface paper that is saturated with reactive resins. During hot press lamination, the resin flows into the surface of the substrate, creating a hard crosslinked thermosetting permanent bond and permanently changing the characteristics of both the paper and the board. Matching Edge Band( ME) Edge band must be the same species or laminate pattern as the face veneer. Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)A composite panel product typically consisting of cellulosic fibers combined with a synthetic resin or other suitable bonding system and joined together under heat and pressure. Medium Density Overlay Mineral Mineral Core Mineral Stain Mineral Streaks A specifically designed overlay applied to a door face to provide the optimum surface for paint finish. See streaks, mineral. See Core Fire Resistant. Olive and greenish-black streaks believed to designate areas of abnormal concentration of mineral matter; common in hard maple, hickory, and basswood. Also called "Mineral Streak". Sharply contrasting elongated discoloration of the wood substance. WDMA I.S.1A

8 Glossary Natural When referring to color and matching, veneers containing any amount of sapwood and/or heartwood, i.e., natural birch, maple, ash. Neutral Pressure A fire door test procedure where the neutral pressure plane is at the top of the door. Nominal A term that designates a stated dimension as being approximate and subject to allowances for variation. Non-Bonded Core Stiles and rails(edge bands) are NOT glued to the core prior to face materials. Not Restricted Allowed, unlimited. Occasional A small number of characteristics that are arranged somewhat diversely within the face. Particleboard A panel or core product composed of small particles of wood and wood fiber that are bonded together with synthetic resin adhesives in the presence of heat and pressure. Patches Matching wood pieces carefully inserted and glued into the door face after defective portions have been removed. Plain Sliced Veneer sliced parallel to the pith of the log and approximately tangent to the growth rings to achieve flat cut veneer. Plain sliced veneer can be cut using either a horizontal or vertical slicing machine or by the half-round method using a rotary lathe. Plank Matched A face containing specially selected and assembled dissimilar (in color, grain and width) veneer strips of the same species, and sometimes grooved at the joints between strips, to simulate lumber planking. Plank matched faces are not available pair matched or set matched. Pleasing Match A face containing components, which provide a pleasing overall appearance. The grain of the various components need not be matched at the joints. Sharp color contrasts at the joints of the components are not permitted. Ply A single sheet of veneer or several strips laid with adjoining edges that may or may not be glued, which forms one veneer lamination in a glued panel. In some constructions, a ply is used to refer to other wood components such as particleboard or MDF. Positive Pressure A fire door test procedure where the neutral pressure plane is located at 40 above the sill. Prefitting Trimming of the door for width and/or height. Puttied Quartered Quarter-Sliced (Quarter Cut) Ray See "fill". Veneer produced by cutting in a radial direction to the pith to achieve a straight (vertical) grain pattern. In some species, principally red oak and white oak, ray fleck is produced, the amount of which may be unlimited. A straight grain appearance achieved through the process of quarter-slicing or through the use of veneer cut in any fashion that produces a straight grain effect. Cut is radial to the pith to the extent that ray fleck is produced, and the amount of fleck is not limited. Ribbon-shaped strand of tissue extending in a radial direction across the grain, so oriented that the face of the ribbon is exposed as a fleck on the quarter surface. Also know as "Wood Ray" Rails/Horizontal Edges Top and bottom edge bands of door. Random Matched (Mismatched) A face containing veneer strips of the same species which are selected and assembled without regard to color or grain, resulting in variations, contrasts and patterns of color and grain. Pleasing appearance is not required. Random matched faces are not available pair matched or set matched. Ray Fleck See "Fleck, Ray". Red/Brown When referring to color and matching, veneers containing all heartwood, ranging in color from light to dark. Repairs A patch, shim, or filler material inserted and/or glued into veneer or a panel to achieve a sound surface. Repairs, Blending Wood or filler insertions similar in color to adjacent wood so as to blend well. Rift A parallel grain pattern resulting from sawing a quartered log at right angles to the radius of the log. Rift Cut Veneer produced by cutting at a slight angle to the radial to produce a quartered appearance without excessive ray fleck. Rotary Cut Veneer produced by centering the entire log in a lathe and turning it against a broad cutting knife. Rough Cut Irregular shaped areas of generally uneven corrugation on the surface of veneer. Running Match The veneer face is made from components running through the flitch consecutively. Any portion of the component left over from a face is used as the beginning component or leaf in starting the next veneer face. Ruptured Grain A break or breaks in the grain or between springwood and summerwood caused or aggravated by excessive pressure on the wood by seasoning, manufacturing, or natural processes. Ruptured grain appears as a single or series of distinct separations in the wood such as when springwood is crushed leaving the summerwood to separate in one or more growth increments. Sharp Contrast For the purpose of this standard, this term means the veneer of lighter than average color should not be joined at the edges with veneer of darker than average color, and that two adjacent pieces of veneer should not be widely dissimilar in grain, figure and natural character markings. 8 WDMA I.S.1A

9 Glossary Shims A split repaired in a piece of wood veneer, preferably from the same piece of veneer from which the face is made to ensure good color and grain match. The grain running in the same direction as the split to be inconspicuous to the naked eye, and free of any gaps where the shim joins the veneer. To be glued into the split and sanded after being made. Color matched. Sanding (Chatter, Dust, Burns) The degree of defects allowed in sanding of the face. Sapwood The living wood of lighter color occurring in the outer portion of a tree. Shake A separation along the grain of wood in which the greater part occurs between the rings of annual growth. Show Through (Telegraphing) A defect caused by the outline and/or surface irregularities, such as frame parts, core laps, voids, etc., that is visible through the face veneers. Skin The face layer of a flush or stile and rail door, whether flat or configured, which is used for facings for flush wood doors. Sliced Veneer produced by thrusting a log or sawed flitch into a slicing machine, which shears off veneer in sheets. Slight Visible on observation, but does not interfere with the overall aesthetic appearance. Slip Matched A sheet from a flitch is slid across the sheet beneath and, without turning, spiced at the joint. Slope See grain Smooth, Tight Cut Veneer cut to minimize lathe checks. Split Heart A method of achieving an inverted "V" or cathedral type of springwood (earlywood)/summerwood (latewood), plain-sliced (flatcut) figure by joining two face components of similar color and grain. A cathedral type figure must be achieved by a single component in "AA" grade; the split heart method is allowed in grades "A" and B". Each half of a split heart shall be subject to the minimum component width requirements for grade "A" and "B" faces. Splits Separations of wood fiber running parallel to the grain. Splits, Hairline A perceptible separation or absence of wood fiber running parallel with the grain. Standard Door By industry practice, a standard door is book size in both width and height. Stiles/Vertical Edges The upright or vertical pieces of the core assembly of a wood flush door. Measurement-The width of the vertical edge/stile shall be measured at its widest side (the wide side of a beveled door). Streaks, Mineral Sharply contrasting elongated discoloration of the wood substance. Sugar See Worm Tracks. Sweep See grain Tape Strips of gummed paper used to hold the edges of the veneer together at the joints prior to gluing. Telegraphing See "Show Through". Tight Side In knife-cut veneer, that side of the sheet that was farthest from the knife as the sheet was being cut and containing no cutting checks (lathe checks). Transom The panel above a door or set of doors. Veneer (wood) A thin sheet of wood, rotary cut, sliced, or sawed from a log, bolt, or flitch. Vine Streaks (Mark.) Scars in the wood generally caused by the stems of clinging vines or by their hair-like roots, which cling to the tree trunk. Live vine streaks produce round scars. Dead vine streaks contain either dead residue of the vine, or the remaining pocket similar to bark pocket. Most vine streaks run across the grain, and therefore, all vine streaks are considered defects in accordance with restrictions described in veneer grading rules. Voids Warp White Wood Filler See "Gaps". Any distortion in the plane of a door itself and not its relationship to the frame or jamb in which it is to be hung. The term warp includes bow, cup and twist, which are defined as follows: Bow-A flat wise deviation from a straight line drawn from top to bottom; a curvature along the length of the door. Cup-A deviation from a straight line drawn from side to side; a curvature along the width of the door. Twist-A deviation in which one or two corners of the door are out of plane with the other corners of the door. When referring to color and matching, veneers containing all sapwood, ranging in color from pink to yellow. An aggregate of resin and strands, shreds, or flour of wood, which is used to fill openings in wood and provide a smooth, durable surface. Wood Flush Door An assembly consisting of a core and one or more edge bands, with 2 plies of wood veneer with laminate, wood, or wood derivative on each side. All parts are composed of wood, wood derivatives, fire resistant composites or decorative laminates. Worm Track (Scar) Marks caused by various types of wood attacking larvae. Often appear as sound discolorations running with or across the grain in straight to wavy streaks. Sometimes referred to as pith flecks in certain species of maple, birch and other hardwoods because of a resemblance to the color of pith. WDMA I.S.1A

10 D-1: Architectural Wood Flush Door Descriptors Note: The following descriptions may not represent all door types available. Per this standard, door constructions may vary as long as the specified performance duty level is met or exceeded. Page # WDMA I.S.1A Door Descriptor 32 PC-5 32 PC-7 34 PC-HPDL-3 34 PC-HPDL-5 Description Particleboard core, stiles and rails Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of crossband and face veneer Particleboard core, stiles and rails Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of three ply skin. Particleboard core, stiles and rails Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of high pressure decorative laminate. Particleboard core, stiles and rails Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of crossband and high pressure decorative laminate. 32 FPC-5 Particleboard core, stiles and rails Non Bonded to core prior to application of crossband and face veneer. 32 FPC-7 Particleboard core, stiles and rails Non Bonded to core prior to application of three ply skin. 34 FPC-HPDL-3 Particleboard core, stiles and rails Non Bonded to core prior to application of high pressure decorative laminate. 34 FPC-HPDL-5 36 SCLC-5 36 SCLC-7 38 SCLC-HPDL-3 38 SCLC-HPDL-5 Particleboard core, stiles and rails Non Bonded to core prior to application of crossband and high pressure decorative laminate. Structural composite lumber core, stiles Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of crossband and face veneer. Structural composite lumber core, stiles Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of three ply skin. Structural composite lumber core, stiles Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of high pressure decorative laminate. Structural composite lumber core, stiles Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of crossband and high pressure decorative laminate. 36 FSCLC-5 Structural composite lumber core, stiles Non Bonded to core prior to application of crossband and face veneer. 36 FSCLC-7 Structural composite lumber core, stiles Non Bonded to core prior to application of three ply skin. 38 FSCLC-HPDL-3 Structural composite lumber core, stiles Non Bonded to core prior to application of high pressure decorative laminate. 38 FSCLC-HPDL-5 Structural composite lumber core, stiles Non Bonded to core prior to application of crossband and high pressure decorative laminate. 36 SLC-5 36 SLC-7 38 SLC-HPDL-5 Stave lumber core, stiles and rails Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of crossband and face veneer. Stave lumber core, stiles and rails Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of three ply skin. Stave lumber core, stiles and rails Bonded to core and core assembly machine calibrated prior to application of crossband and high pressure decorative laminate 36 FSLC-5 Stave lumber core, stiles and rails Non Bonded to core prior to application of crossband and face veneer. 36 FSLC-7 Stave lumber core, stiles and rails Non Bonded to core prior to application of three ply skin. 38 FSLC-HPDL-5 Particleboard Core Doors Structural Composite Lumber Core Doors Stave Lumber Core Doors Stave lumber core, stiles and rails Non Bonded to core prior to application of crossband and high pressure decorative laminate. Note: All constructions described above are available with a 20 minute fire label, both neutral and positive pressure. The addition of PP to the descriptor will designate positive pressure requirements for 20 minute doors. 10 WDMA I.S.1A

11 D-1: Architectural Wood Flush Door Descriptors Page # WDMA I.S.1A Door Descriptor FD-45-5 FD-45-7 FD-45-HPDL-3 FD-45-HPDL-5 FD-60-5 FD-60-7 FD-60-HPDL-3 FD-60-HPDL-5 FD-90-5 FD-90-7 FD-90-HPDL-3 FD-90-HPDL-5 FD-45PP-5 32 FD-45PP-7 34 FD-45PP-HPDL-3 FD-45PP-HPDL-5 FD-60PP-5 32 FD-60PP-7 34 FD-60PP-HPDL-3 FD-60PP-HPDL-5 FD-90PP-5 32 FD-90PP-7 34 FD-90PP-HPDL-3 FD-90PP-HPDL-5 Fire Rated Door, labeled for 45 minutes Fire Rated Door, labeled for 60 minutes Fire Rated Door, labeled for 90 minutes Fire Rated Door, labeled for 45 minutes Fire Rated Door, labeled for 60 minutes Fire Rated Door, labeled for 90 minutes Description Neutral Pressure Tested Fire Doors Positive Pressure Tested Fire Doors Hollow Core Doors FIHC-5,7 FIHC-HPDL-5,7 FSHC-5,7 FSHC-HPDL-5,7 Institutional Hollow Core, stiles and rails Non-Bonded to core Standard Hollow Core, stiles and rails Non-Bonded to core Specialty Doors 31 SR Sound Resistant (STC) 31 LL Lead Lined (X-ray) 31 BR Bullet Resistant 31 ES Electrostatic Shield Note: Specialty doors described above are available with a 20 minute fire label, both neutral and positive pressure. The addition of PP to the descriptor will designate positive pressure requirements for 20 minute doors. WDMA I.S.1A

12 A-1: Aesthetic Grades for Architectural Wood Flush Doors The design professional can specify with confidence using WDMA I.S.1A guidelines. WDMA s Architectural Wood Flush Door Standard addresses both the aesthetic and performance attributes of the door. Both are important to achieve desired appearance and function. Traditionally, wood flush doors were specified by identifying a PREMIUM grade or CUSTOM grade door. Under the new updated standards, these designations will determine the basic appearance of the door. Examples include differences between PREMIUM grade and CUSTOM grade doors with respect to veneer grade, matching requirements, pair and set matching, vertical edge species and joint requirements, etc. It is also possible for a specifier to alter the basic PREMIUM grade or CUSTOM grade requirements to either upgrade or downgrade certain aspects of the door appearance, such as: AA Grade Veneer Sketch Faces Minimum Veneer Piece Width Faces Other Than Wood Veneer Applied Mouldings Special Flitch Selection Special Veneer Matches Special Color Ranges (face and/or edge) Finer Finishes Uniform Color and Grain Veneer The design professional is encouraged to consult directly with the manufacturer during the development of the design and specifications for these important projects. General descriptions of PREMIUM grade and CUSTOM grade wood flush doors are as follows: PREMIUM: The highest grade commercially available in both material and fabrication. This grade is intended for the finest commercial, industrial and institutional buildings. CUSTOM: The standard grade in both material and fabrication. This grade is intended for high-quality work. A-2: Face Selection Note: Economy grade has been discontinued as it is seldom specified for architectural wood flush doors. Specifiers need to determine and specify the following: Veneers for Transparent Finishes Species: There are numerous foreign and domestic species available. See Section A-8. Matching: Many different visual effects can be obtained by face veneer matching. The various considerations in matching are described in the following sections: A-3: Appearance of individual pieces of face veneer. A-4: Matching between individual face veneer pieces. A-5: Assembly of spliced face veneer on a door face. A-6: Appearance of doors in pairs or sets. A-7: Appearance of doors with transoms. Materials for Opaque Finishes PREMIUM Grade: Medium Density Overlay (MDO). This surface provides the optimum finishing surface for PREMIUM grade doors. The overlay is designed to take and hold finish. CUSTOM Grade: Closed grain hardwood veneer, hardboard, or other composite materials. When using hardwood veneer, extra preparation is required prior to job site finishing because of the natural characteristics of wood. Crossbands are not required under hardboard or composite surfaces. Laminates High Pressure Decorative Laminates (HPDL): Virtually any high pressure laminate color and texture can be utilized in the manufacture of architectural wood flush doors. However, high gloss laminates should be avoided because they tend to accentuate natural telegraphing. Low Pressure Decorative Laminates (LPDL): A laminate in which the resin flows into the surface of the substrate during lamination, creating a permanent bond and a low gloss finish. Many colors and patterns are available. 12 WDMA I.S.1A

13 A-3: Appearance of Individual Pieces of Face Veneer Rotary Cut Plain Sliced: Flat Cut Quarter Cut: Red & White Oak Quarter Cut: Other Species Rift-Cut: Red & White Oak Comb Grain: Red & White Oak Face Veneer Cuts The way in which a log is cut, in relation to the annual growth rings, determines the appearance of veneer. The beauty of veneer is in the natural variations of texture, grain, figure, color, and the way it is assembled on a door face. Face veneers will have the natural variations in grain inherent in the species and cut. Natural variations of veneer grain and pattern will vary from these illustrations. Rotary This cut follows the log s annual growth rings, providing a general bold random appearance. Plain Sliced: (Flat Cut) Slicing is done parallel to a line through the center of the log. Cathedral and straight grained patterns result. The individual pieces of veneer are kept in the order they are sliced, permitting a natural grain progression when assembled as veneer faces. Quarter Cut A series of stripes is produced. These stripes vary in width from species to species. Ray fleck (flake) is a characteristic of this cut in red and white oak. Rift-Cut (only in Red & White Oak) The cut slices slightly across the medullary rays, accentuating the vertical grain and minimizing the ray fleck (flake). Rift grain is restricted to red and white oak. Comb Grain (only in Red & White Oak) Limited availability. This is a rift-cut veneer distinguished by the tightness and straightness of the grain along the entire length of the veneer. Slight angle in the grain is allowed. Comb grain is restricted to red and white oak. There are occasional cross bars and ray fleck (flake) is minimal. WDMA I.S.1A

14 A-4: Matching Between Individual Face Veneer Pieces Joint Joint Joint Book Match Slip Match Random Match (Mismatched) Illustrations reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia Note: The type of match must be specified. If no specification is made, book match will be provided since it is the most commonly used match for A Grade faces. Book Match The most commonly used match in the industry. Every other piece of veneer is turned over so adjacent pieces are like two adjacent pages in an open book. The veneer joints match and create a mirrored image pattern at the joint line, yielding a maximum continuity of grain. Book matching is used with rotary, plain sliced, quarter, rift-cut or comb grain veneers. Barber Pole Effect in Book Match Because the tight and loose faces alternate in adjacent pieces of veneer, they may accept stain or reflect light differently, and this may yield a noticeable color variation called barber poling. See slip match for further information on color variation. Barber pole is not considered a manufacturing defect. Slip Match Adjoining pieces of veneer are placed in sequence without turning over every other piece. The grain figure repeats, but joints won t show mirrored effect. Slip matching is RECOMMENDED and often used in quarter cut, rift-cut and comb grain veneers to eliminate the barber pole effect. However, it may cause a sloping appearance of the veneer, especially in taller doors. Pleasing Match (B Grade Only - not illustrated) A face containing veneer pieces from one or more logs which provides a pleasing overall appearance. The grain of the various pieces need not be matched at the joints. Sharp color contrast at the joints of the pieces are not permitted. B Grade faces are not available pair matched or set matched. Random Matched (Mismatched not commonly used for doors) A face containing veneer strips of the same species which are selected and assembled without regard to color or grain, resulting in variations, contrasts and patterns of color and grain. Pleasing appearance is not required. Random matched faces are not available pair matched or set matched. Plank Matched (not illustrated) A face containing specially selected and assembled dissimilar (in color, grain and width) veneer strips of the same species, and sometimes grooved at the joints between strips, to simulate lumber planking. Plank matched faces are not available pair matched or set matched. 14 WDMA I.S.1A

15 A-5: Assembly of Spliced Face Veneer on Door Face Joint Joint Joint Running Match Balance Match Center Balance Match Illustrations reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia Running Match A non-symmetrical appearance in any single door face where side edge pieces of veneer are of unequal width. Each face is assembled from as many veneer pieces as necessary. Veneer Yield: High Balance Match A symmetrical appearance where each face is assembled from pieces of uniform width before trimming. Veneer Yield: Medium Center Balance Match A symmetrical appearance where each face has an even number of veneer pieces of uniform width before trimming. Thus, there is a veneer joint in the center of the panel, producing symmetry. Veneer Yield: Low Note: The type of match must be specified. If no specification is made, running match is the most commonly used assembly method for A Grade faces. Any sequence matching from opening to opening must be specified. WDMA I.S.1A

16 A-6: Appearance of Doors in Pairs or Sets Pair Match Pair Match Doors may be specified as pair matched. Set Match Sets of doors may be specified as matching. Sets consisting of up to eight leaves are typical, consult the manufacturer for additional configurations. Set Match Illustrations reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia Note: Illustrations show center matched faces. Pairs and sets may also be manufactured with running or balance match faces. Any sequence matching from opening to opening must be specified. A-7: Appearance of Doors with Transoms Continuous Match Each single piece of veneer extends from the top of the transom to the bottom of the door. Veneer length may limit this option. End Match Single piece of veneer extends from the bottom to the top of the door with a mirror image at the transom. No Match Door & Transom do not match in color or grain. By specification only. Note: Slight misalignment of veneer grain may occur between the transom and door. A variation of grain alignment from side to side is considered acceptable for transom matching as follows: Single door and transom: 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) Pair of doors with single transom: 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) 16 Continuous Match End Match No Match WDMA I.S.1A Illustrations reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia

17 b A-8: Door Face Veneer Characteristics - Ash, Beech, Birch, Maple and Poplar Cut Grade Description Sap (White) Heart (Red/Brow n) Color and Matching Sap Heart Natural (White) (Red/Brow n) Natural Sap (White) Heart (Red/Brow n) Sapw ood Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Heartw ood No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Color Streaks or Spots Slight Slight Yes Yes Color Variation Slight Yes Slight Yes Yes Book Matched Slip Matched Pleasing Matched Nominal Minimum Plain Sliced Width of Quarter Face Component(a) Rotary Small Conspicuous Burls & Pin Knots-Combined Avg. Number Conspicuous Burls - Max. Size Conspicuous Pin Knots Avg. Number Max. Size: Dark Part Total Scattered Sound and Repaired Knots - Combined Avg. No. Max. Size - Sound Max. Size - Repaired Avg. No. - Repaired Mineral Streaks Bark Pockets Worm Tracks Vine Marks Cross Bars Rough Cut / Ruptured Grain Blended Repaired Tapering Hairline Splits Repairs (Adapted from HPVA latest edition with permission.) Quartered Note: When specifying NATURAL, veneers contain unlimited amounts of sapwood and/or heartwood. Sharp Color Contrasts at Joints Plain-Sliced (Flat Cut), Quarter Cut, Rotary Cut AA Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Yes Specify not applicable 5 in. (127mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 5 in. (127mm) (Tw o 0.8 mm x 76 mm) Type Of Matching Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Unfilled w orm holes, open splits, open joints, open bark pockets, shake or doze not allow ed in above grades. A Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Special Characteristics (except as listed below, special characteristics are not restricted) 1 inch in 12 inches (25.4 mm in 305mm) maximum grain slope, 2 1/2 inches in 12 inches (63.5 mm in 305mm) maximum grain sw eep Yes Specify not applicable 4 in. (102 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) Natural Characteristics (except as listed below, natural characteristics are not restricted) B Specify Specify Yes 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 1 per 5 sq. ft. (2 per sq. m) 1 per 3 sq. ft. (4 per sq. m) 1 per 2 sq. ft. (6 per sq. m) No No; Maple, slight No Slight No Tw o 1/32 in. x 3 in. Very Small Blending 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) 1 per 4 sq. ft. (3 per sq. m) No Slight No (Tw o 1.6 mm x 152 mm) Small Blending Notes: a. Outside components w ill be a different size to allow for edge trim loss and certain types of matching. b. American or European 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) No Slight Slight (on ends only) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) Slight No Slight Slight Manufacturing Characteristics Tw o 1/16 in. x 6 in. 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) Natural 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) Slight Few to 1/8 in.x 1in. ( Few to 3.2 mm x 25.4 mm) Slight: Ash, yes Slight Yes Slight Four 1/8 in. x 8 in. (Four 3.2 mm x 203 mm) Blending WDMA I.S.1A

18 A-8: Door Face Veneer Characteristics - African and Honduras Mahogany, Anegre, Makore, Sapele (Adapted from HPVA latest edition with permission.) Cut Plain-Sliced (Flat-Cut), Quarter-Cut, Rotary Cut Grade Description AA A B Sapw ood No No No Heartw ood Yes Yes Yes Color Streaks or Spots Slight Slight Occasional Color Variation Slight Slight Moderate Sharp Color Contrasts at Joints Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Type Of Matching Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Book Matched Yes Yes Specify Slip Matched Specify Specify Specify Pleasing Matched not applicable not applicable Yes Nominal Minimum Plain Sliced 5 in. (127 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) Width of Quarter 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) Face Component(a) Rotary 5 in. (127 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) Small Conspicuous Burls & Pin Knots-Combined Avg. Number Conspicuous Burls - Max. Size 1 per 5 sq. ft. (2 per sq. m) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 1 per 3 sq. ft. (4 per sq. m) 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 1 per 2 sq. ft. (6 per sq. m) 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) Conspicuous Pin Knots Avg. Number 1 per 8 ft. sq. (4 per 3 sq. m) 1 per 4 sq. ft. (3 per sq. m) No Max. Size: Dark Part 1/8 in.(3.2 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) Total 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) Scattered Sound and Repaired Knots - Combined Avg. No. 1 per 8 ft. sq. (4 per 3 sq. m) Max. Size - Sound No No 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) Max. Size - Repaired 1/8 in.(3.2 mm) Avg. No. - Repaired 1 per 8 ft. sq. (4 per 3 sq. m) Mineral Streaks No Slight Occasional Bark Pockets Few to 1/8 in. x 1 in. No No (Few to 3.2 mm x 25.4 mm) Worm Tracks No No Slight Vine Marks Slight Slight Yes Cross Bars Occasional Occasional Yes Rough Cut / Ruptured Grain No No Slight Blended Repaired Tapering Tw o 1/32 in. x 3 in. Tw o 1/16 in. x 6 in. Tw o 1/8 in. x 8 in. Hairline Splits (Tw o 0.8 mm x 76 mm) (Tw o 1.6 mm x 152 mm) (Tw o 3.2 mm x 203 mm) (on ends only) Repairs Very Small Blending Small Blending Blending Quartered 1 inch in 12 inches (25.4mm in 305mm) maximum grain slope, 2-1/2 inches in 12 inches (63.4 mm in 305mm) maximum grain sw eep Unfilled w orm holes, open splits, open joints, open bark pockets, shake or doze not allow ed in above grades. Note: Color and Matching Natural Characteristics (except as limited below, natural characteristics are not restricted) Manufacturing Characteristics Special Characteristics (except as limited below, special characteristics are not restricted) a. Outside components w ill be a different size to allow for edge trim loss and certain types of matching. 18 WDMA I.S.1A

19 A-8: Door Face Veneer Characteristics - Red and White Oak Cut Grade Description Plain-Sliced (Flat Cut), Quarter Cut, Rift and Comb Grain, Rotary Cut AA A B Red Oak White Oak Red Oak White Oak Red Oak White Oak Sapw ood No No 5% (a) 5% (a) 10-20% (b) Yes Heartw ood Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Color Streaks or Spots Yes Yes Yes Color Variation Sharp Color Contrasts at Joints Book Matched Slip Matched Pleasing Matched Nominal Minimum Plain Sliced Width of Quarter/Rift Veneer Pieces (c) Rotary Small Conspicuous Burls & Pin Knots-Combined Avg. Number Conspicuous Burls - Max. Size Conspicuous Pin Knots Avg. Number Max. Size: Dark Part Total Scattered Sound and Repaired Knots - Combined Avg. No. Max. Size - Sound Max. Size - Repaired Avg. No. - Repaired Mineral Streaks Bark Pockets Worm Tracks Vine Marks Cross Bars Rough Cut / Ruptured Grain Blended Repaired Tapering Hairline Splits Repairs Ray Fleck (Flake) Slope and Sw eep Quarter & Rift Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Color and Matching Slight Slight Yes Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Type of Matching Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Yes Yes Specify Specify Specify Specify not applicable not applicable Yes 5 in. (127 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 5 in. (127 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) Natural Characteristics (except as limited below, natural characteristics are not restricted) 1 per 4 sq. ft. (3 per sq. m) 1 per 2-2/3 sq. ft. (4 per sq. m) 1 per 1-1/3 sq. ft. (8 per sq. m) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) No No 1 per 3 sq. ft. (4 per sq. m) 1 per 2 sq. ft. (6 per sq. m) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) Comb Grain 1/2" in 12" (12.7 mm in 305mm) max. grain slope, 1/2" in 12" (12.7 mm in 305mm) max. grain sw eep Unfilled w orm holes, open splits, open joints, open bark pockets, shake or doze not permitted in above grades. Notes: (Adapted from HPVA latest edition with permission.) No 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) No Slight, Blending Few to 12 in. (Few to 305 mm) No No (Few to 3.2 mm x 25.4 mm) No No Slight No Slight Yes Slight Slight Yes Manufacturing Characteristics No No Slight Tw o 1/32 in. x 3 in. Tw o 1/16 in. x 6 in. Four 1/8 in. x 8 in. (Tw o 0.8 mm x 76 mm) (Tw o 1.6 mm x 152 mm) (Four 3.2 mm x 203 mm) (on ends only) Very Small Blending Small Blending Blending Special Characteristics (except as limited below, special characteristics are not restricted) Slight, Blending Slight, Blending Slight, Blending Quarter cut unlimited Quarter cut unlimited Quarter cut unlimited Rift not to exceed 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) in w idth Comb not to exceed 3/32 in. (2.4 mm) in w idth 1" in 12" (25.4 mm in 305mm) max. grain slope, 2-1/2" in 12" (63.5 mm in 305mm) max. grain sw eep a. Sap is permitted in rotary only unless otherw ise specified. b. 10% sap is permitted in rift, comb, quartered and plain sliced, 20% sap allow ed in rotary. c. Outside components w ill be a different size to allow for edge trim loss and certain types of matching. WDMA I.S.1A

20 A-8: Door Face Veneer Characteristics Pecan and Hickory (Adapted from HPVA latest edition with permission.) Cut Plain-Sliced (Flat-Cut), Quarter Cut, Rotary Cut Grade Description AA A B Sapw ood Yes Yes Yes Heartw ood Yes Yes Yes Color Streaks or Spots Yes Yes Yes Color Variation Yes Yes Yes Sharp Color Contrasts at Joints Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Book Matched Yes Yes Specify Slip Matched Specify Specify Specify Pleasing Matched not applicable not applicable Yes Nominal Minimum Plain Sliced 5 in. (127 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) Width of Quarter 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) Face Component(a) Rotary 5 in. (127 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) Small Conspicuous Burls & Pin Knots-Combined Avg. Number 1 per 1 sq. ft. (11 per sq. m) 2 per 1 sq. ft. (22 per sq. m) No Limit Conspicuous Burls - Max. Size 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) Conspicuous Pin Knots (b) Avg. Number 1 per 2 sq. ft. (6 per sq. m) 2 per 1 sq. ft. (22 per sq. m) No Limit Max. Size: Dark Part 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) Total 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) Scattered Sound and Repaired Knots - Combined Avg. No. 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) Max. Size - Sound No No 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) Max. Size - Repaired 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) Avg. No. - Repaired 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) Mineral Streaks Slight Slight Yes Bark Pockets No Small, Occasional Few to 1/4 in. x 2 in. (Few to 6.4 mm x 50.8 mm) Worm Tracks No Slight Few Vine Marks Slight Occasional Yes Cross Bars Slight Occasional Yes Rough Cut / Ruptured Grain No No Slight Blended Repaired Tapering Tw o 1/32 in. x 3 in. Tw o 1/16 in. x 6 in. Four 1/8 in. x 8 in. Hairline Splits (Tw o 0.8 mm x 76 mm) (Tw o 1.6 mm x 152 mm) (Four 3.2 mm x 203 mm) (on ends only) Repairs Very Small Blending Small Blending Blending Bird Peck (c) No Slight Yes Knife Marks Color and Matching Type Of Matching Natural Characteristics (except as limited below, natural characteristics are not restricted) Manufacturing Characteristics Special Characteristics (except as limited below, special characteristics are not restricted) Knife marks may occur in these high density species. Quartered 1 inch in 12 inches (24.4 mm in 305mm) maximum grain slope, 2-1/2 inches in 12 inches (63.4 mm in 305 mm) maximum grain sw eep Unfilled w orm holes, open splits, open joints, open bark pockets, shake or doze not allow ed in above grades. Notes: a. Outside components w ill be a different size to allow for edge trim loss and certain types of matching. b. For Pecan and Hickory, conspicuous pin knots means sound knots 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) or less in diameter w ith dark centers larger than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm). Blending pin knots are sound knots 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) or less in diameter w ith dark centers 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) or less and are allow ed in all grades of Pecan and Hickory. c. To achieve a more rustic appearance, bird peck shall be specified. 20 WDMA I.S.1A

21 A-8: Door Face Veneer Characteristics - Walnut and Cherry (Adapted from HPVA latest edition with permission.) Cut Plain-Sliced (Flat-Cut), Quarter Cut, Rotary Cut Grade Description AA A B Sapw ood No No (a) No (a) Heartw ood Yes Yes Yes Color Streaks or Spots Slight Slight Yes Color Variation Slight Slight Yes Sharp Color Contrasts at Joints Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Yes, if Slip, Plank or Random matched Book Matched Yes Yes Specify Slip Matched Specify Specify Specify Pleasing Matched not applicable not applicable Yes Normal Minimum Plain Sliced 5 in. (127 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) Width of Quarter 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) 3 in. (76 mm) Face Component(b) Rotary 5 in. (127 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) 4 in. (102 mm) Small Conspicuous Burls & Pin Knots-Combined Avg. Number 1 per 4 sq. ft ( 3 per sq. m) 1 per 1-1/3 sq. ft. (8 per sq. m) 2 per 1 sq. ft. (22 per sq. m) Conspicuous Burls - Max. Size 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) Conspicuous Pin Knots (c) Avg. Number 1 per 5 sq. ft. (3 per sq. m) 1 per 2 sq. ft. (6 per sq. m) 1 per 1 sq. ft. (11 per sq. m) Max. Size: Dark Part 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) Total 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) Scattered Sound and Repaired Knots - Combined Avg. No. 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) Max. Size - Sound No No 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) Max. Size - Repaired 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) Avg. No. - Repaired 1 per 8 sq. ft. (4 per 3 sq. m) Mineral Streaks Slight Slight Yes Bark Pockets No No Few 1/8 in. x 1 in. (Few to 3.2 mm x 25.4 mm) Worm Tracks No No Slight Vine Marks Slight Occasional Yes Cross Bars Slight Occasional Yes Rough Cut / Ruptured Grain No No Slight Blended Repaired Tapering Tw o 1/32 in. x 3 in. Tw o 1/16 in. x 6 in. Four 1/8 in. x 8 in. Hairline Splits (Tw o 0.8 mm x 76 mm) (Tw o 1.6 mm x 152 mm) (Four 3.2 mm x 203 mm) (on ends only) Repairs Very Small Blending Small Blending Blending Gum Spots Special Characteristics (except as limited below, special characteristics are not restricted) Occasional gum spots permitted in Cherry Color and Matching Type Of Matching Natural Characteristics (except as limited below, natural characteristics are not restricted) Manufacturing Characteristics Occasional gum spots permitted in Cherry Gum spots and gum streaks in Cherry Quartered 1 inch in 12 inches (25.4 mm in 305mm) maximum grain slope, 2-1/2 inches in 12 inches (63.4 mm in 305mm) maximum grain sw eep. Unfilled w orm holes, open splits, open joints, open bark pockets, shake or doze not allow ed in above grades. Notes: a. Sap is allow ed in grades A and B, how ever, the percentage must be agreed upon betw een buyer and seller. b. Outside components w ill be a different size to allow for edge trim loss and certain types of matching. c. For Walnut and Cherry, conspicuous pin knots means sound knots 1/4" (6.4mm) or less in diameter w ith dark centers larger than 1/16" (1.6mm). Blending pin knots are sound knots 1/4" (6.4mm) or less in diameter w ith dark centers of 1/16" (1.6mm) or less and are allow ed in all grades of Walnut and Cherry WDMA I.S.1A

22 A-9: Fabrication General Requirements Veneer Faces, Opaque or Transparent Finish - Joints must be tight. - Veneer faces must be completely glued to substrate. - Veneer faces shall be thoroughly sanded without manufacturing defects. - Veneer faces shall meet quality standards set forth in Section A-8 and C-1. - Veneer faces may not exhibit glue bleed-through at joints or through veneer. Vertical Edges, Opaque or Transparent Finish - Vertical edges shall be smoothly sanded, free of knife and saw marks. - Voids are not permitted between veneer layers and solid wood edges. - Vertical edges shall have the same aesthetic appearance as the door face. - Where allowed, the hinge edge may be jointed. Joints must be tight. - Vertical edges shall have a sanded eased edge at intersections of edges and face veneers. Crossbands - Crossbands, when used, shall be full piece or edge glued without voids. - For non fire doors exceeding standard size limitations (4 feet (1.2 m) in width and or 10 feet (3.0 m) in height), tight butt joints are allowed. Horizontal Edges - Joints in horizontal edges shall be without gaps. - Horizontal edges shall be sound without splits, shake, or doze. - There shall be no gaps between veneer layers and solid horizontal edges. 22 WDMA I.S.1A

23 P-1: Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors Performance is a very important aspect of specifying Architectural Wood Flush Doors. The appearance of a wood flush door is controlled by the aesthetic grades (i.e., PREMIUM grade or CUSTOM grade) while the performance is directly related to the use of the door (i.e., EXTRA HEAVY DUTY, HEAVY DUTY, or STANDARD DUTY). Performance Duty Levels Extra Heavy Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where use is considered heavy and frequent, and requires the highest minimum performance standards. Heavy Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where usage is moderate, and requires intermediate minimum performance standards. Standard Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where frequency of use is low, and requires the lowest minimum performance standards. Performance Attributes Adhesive Bond - Test to determine the resistance of a glue line to separation and failure for interior doors. WDMA TM-6,1988: Adhesive Bond Durability Test Method. Cycle Slam - This test method is to establish a standard method of testing the physical performance of a wood door and associated hardware connections under accelerated actual operating conditions. WDMA TM-7,1990: Cycle-Slam Test method. Hinge-Loading - Test to determine the ability of a wood door stile to resist the horizontal withdrawal of an attached hinge. This is a small scale test designed to simulate the application of a downward force to the knob area on the leading edge of a hinged swinging door. WDMA TM- 8,1990: Hinge-Loading Test method. Door Finishes - Test to determine the effectiveness of a wood door finish to resist wear due to abrasion under conditions which accelerate actual in-service wear. Various ASTM Door Finishes test methods. (See Section F-7.) Screwholding - Test to determine the ability of a wood door component to resist the withdrawal of a screw perpendicular to the component. WDMA TM-10,1990: Screwholding Test method. Telegraph - Test to determine minimum differential offset of core components that are visible on the face of the door. WDMA I.S.1A T1: Telegraph. Warp Tolerance - Test to determine the allowable variation from a flat plane within the door surface. WDMA I.S.1A T2: Warp. Squareness - Test to determine the allowable differential in squareness. WDMA I.S.1A T3: Squareness. Note: Duty level must be specified. If not specified, HEAVY DUTY shall be the required grade. EXTRA HEAVY DUTY HEAVY DUTY STANDARD DUTY Adhesive Bond Durability WDMA TM-6,1988 Ty pe II Ty pe II Ty pe II Cycle Slam WDMA TM-7,1990 1,000,000 cy cles 500,000 cy cles 250,000 cy cles Hinge-Loading WDMA TM-8, lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Door Finishes Various ASTM test methods TR-6/OP-6 or equal * TR-4/OP-4 or equal * TR-2/OP-2 or equal * Screwholding WDMA TM-10,1990 Door Face unblocked 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) ** Door Face (w ith optional blocking) *** 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) Vertical Door Edge 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Horizontal Door Edge (applies w hen hardw are attached) 300 lbs. (1330 N) 240 lbs. (1060 N) 180 lbs. (810 N) Telegraph WDMA T-1 Warp Tolerance WDMA T-2 Performance Attribute Duty Level Max imum in. per 3 in. (0.25 mm per 76 mm) span max imum 0.25 in per 3'-6" x 7'-0" (6.35 mm per 1050 mm x 2100 mm) door section Squareness WDMA T-3 Diagonal v ariance in. (3.17 mm) * Other formulations may ex hibit similar performance characteristics, but must meet or ex ceed the performance lev els for the sy stems specified to be considered as equal. ** If screw holding pow er is less than 400 lbs. (1780 N) blocking or thru-bolts are recommended for operable hardw are. *** Blocking may be specified in certain hardware applications w here a specifier deems the frequency and sev erity of use so dictates. Blocking is a material used for improv ed screw holding at hardw are attachment points (not required in core ty pes such as SCL or Stav e Lumber). Refer to Sections C-10 through C-14 for blocking options. WDMA I.S.1A

24 P-2: Suggested Installation Chart Extra Heavy Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where use is considered heavy and frequent, and requires the highest minimum performance standards. Heavy Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where usage is moderate, and requires intermediate minimum performance standards. Standard Duty: This duty level typically involves doors where frequency of use is low, and requires the lowest minimum performance standards. Extra Heavy Duty Heavy Duty Standard Duty Classroom Assisted Living Room Entry Closet Patient Rooms Office - Interior Passage Wardrobe Bathroom - Public Stairwell Bathroom - Private Dorm Room Mechanical Service Small, low usage Office Assembly areas Hallway Auditorium Entry Hotel/Motel Room Entry Detention/Correctional Storage Bullet Resistant Apartment/Condo Entry Gymnasium/Locker Room X-Ray Surgical Entry Acoustic Trauma Centers Medical Examination Room P-3: Dimensional Tolerances Doors Width: ±1/16 in. (±1.6 mm) not prefit ±1/32 in. (±0.8 mm) factory prefit Height: ±1/16 in. (±1.6 mm) Thickness: ±1/16 in. (±1.6 mm) Hardware Machining Hinge Mortises Location: ±1/32 in. (±0.8 mm) Height: +1/32 in., -0 in. (+0.8 mm, -0 mm) Depth: in., -0 in. (+0.6 mm, -0 mm) Backset: +0 in., -1/32 in. (+0 mm, -0.8 mm) Typical Prefit Clearances for Factory Prefit Doors & Transoms Non-fire rated Doors Top & Hinge Edges: 1/8 in. (3 mm) clearance Lock Edge, Single Door: 1/8 in. (3 mm) clearance Meeting Edges, Pairs: 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) per leaf Bottom Edge: 3/4 in.(20 mm) maximum from floor, 3/8 in. (10 mm) maximum from top of raised Non-fire rated Transoms, Side Lites & Dutch Doors Width & height: Per manufacturer's specifications Fire Rated Openings See latest edition of NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows for prefit clearance requirements on fire rated doors. Lock Fronts Location: Height: Width: Depth: ±1/32 in. (±0.8 mm) +1/32 in., -0 in. (+0.8 mm, -0 mm) +1/32 in., -0 in. (+0.8 mm, -0 mm) in., -0 in. (+0.6 mm, -0 mm) P-4: Flame Spread Smoke Development Doors covered by this standard are exempt per NFPA WDMA I.S.1A

25 Tests T-1: Telegraph Telegraphing of vertical and horizontal edges and cores is considered a defect when the face of the door varies from a true plane in excess of inch in any 3.0 inch (0.254 mm in any 76.2 mm) span, using a straight edge and feeler gauge or other accurate measuring methods. The selection of high gloss laminates or finishes should be avoided, because they tend to accentuate natural telegraphing. T-2: Warp Warp is a variation from a plane surface within the door itself. It does not refer to the door in relation to the frame or jamb in which it was hung. Bow, cup, and twist are terms which describe warp in a door and are defined as follows: Bow is a curvature along the door height, or a deviation from a flat plane from end to end. Cup is a curvature across the door width, or a deviation from a flat plane from side to side. Twist is a distortion in which one corner is out of the plane of the other three corners. Warpage is usually a result of unequal stresses within the door caused by different humidity and temperature conditions from one face or side to the other. Buildings should be humidity and temperature controlled before doors are delivered and installed. Required conditions are 25% to 55% relative humidity and 50 to 90 F (10 to 32 C) temperature range. Improper handling, stacking, and storage can also contribute to warpage. Doors should be stored flat on a level surface off the floor with three cross supports. HOW TO MEASURE WARP Use a taut string or straight-edge and measure on the concave face of door diagonally, horizontally, or vertically. Measure at the point of maximum distance between the taut string or straight-edge and the face of the door. Measurement must be made on the concave face of the door. Door should be open when measuring for warpage (lock not latched into strike). One person can measure warpage using a string and taping one or both ends onto the face of the door, holding it taut. Don t measure warp in relationship to the door frame. Often a door may not fit into the frame properly but is not warped. In these cases, check the frame it should be set plumb and square and jambs should not be twisted or out of alignment. Action on any claim for warp may be deferred for up to one year after project completion to permit doors to acclimate to temperature and humidity conditions. ALLOWABLE WARP TOLERANCE FOR WOOD DOORS 1-3/4 in. (44 mm) or thicker doors: 3-6 x 7-0 (1050 mm x 2100 mm) or smaller, 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) maximum. Larger than 3-6 x 7-0 (1050 mm x 2100 mm), 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) maximum in any 3-6 x 7-0 (1050 mm x 2100 mm) section. 1-3/8 in. (35 mm) doors: 3-0 x 7-0 (900 mm x 2100 mm) or smaller, 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) maximum. Larger sizes not warranted. T-3: Squareness All four corners of a door shall be square (right angles). Also, the length of the diagonal measurement on the face of the door from the upper right corner to the lower left corner shall be within 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) of the length of the diagonal from the upper left corner to the lower right corner. WDMA I.S.1A

26 Construction GENERAL Special requirements for face materials and door construction are provided in this section. Solid Core Doors are customarily manufactured 1-3/4 in. (44 mm) thick; however, other thicknesses are available, such as 1-3/8 in. (35 mm), 2 in. (50 mm) and 2-1/4 in. (57 mm). Hollow Core Doors are customarily manufactured 1-3/8 in. (35 mm) and 1-3/4 in. (44 mm) thick; however, other thicknesses are available. C-1: Face Requirements Veneers for Transparent Finishes: All face veneers for transparent finish to meet requirements of Sections A-3 through A-8. PREMIUM Grade Doors: Grade "A" faces, book and running match, are standard for PREMIUM grade doors. AA grade faces are available as an option. Face veneer thickness shall be a minimum of 1/50 in. (0.5 mm) at a moisture content of 12% or less. Other face options are available but must be specified. CUSTOM Grade Doors: Grade "A" faces, book match and running match, are standard for CUSTOM grade doors. B grade faces are available as an option. Face veneer thickness shall be a minimum of 1/50 in. (0.5 mm) at a moisture content of 12% or less. Other face options are available but must be specified. Face Materials for Opaque Finishes: PREMIUM Grade Doors: Medium Density Overlay (MDO) faces are standard for PREMIUM grade doors. CUSTOM Grade Doors: Sound closed grain hardwood face veneers are standard for CUSTOM grade doors. Face veneer thickness shall be a minimum of 1/50" in. (0.5mm) at a moisture content of 12% or less. Composite faces complying with Basic Hardboard Standard ANSI/AHA 135.4, class 1 or 2, or Medium Density Fiberboard Standard ANSI 208.2, minimum grades 150 or 160, are available. Door Skin Construction: When wood veneer layers are used in door skins of PREMIUM and CUSTOM grade doors, they must be adhered with alternating (perpendicular) grain direction and provide for balanced construction. Door skins may also be constructed using composite crossbands. Materials for Laminate Faces: High Pressure Decorative Laminates (HPDL) must meet minimum requirements of National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard LD 3 latest edition, High-Pressure Decorative Laminates. Low Pressure Decorative Laminates (LPDL) must meet the minimum requirements of the LMA (Laminating Materials Association, Inc.) document LMA. latest edition, Voluntary Product Standards and Typical Physical Properties of Decorative Overlays. This door type is not illustrated in sections C-10 through C-14. C-2: Crossbanding Requirements Note: Grade must be specified. In the absence of Grade specifications, Custom Grade will be furnished. Crossbanding (the layer of material under the faces of doors constructed of 5 or more plies) may be sound wood veneer, or engineered wood products (composites). Veneer crossbands, when used, shall be full piece or edge glued without voids. For non fire doors exceeding standard size limitations (4 ft. (1.2 m) in width and/or 10 ft. (3 m) in height) tight butt joints are allowed with engineered wood crossbands. When the crossbanding has directional grain, it is to be placed at right angles to the grain of the face material. Crossbands are not required under hardboard or composite surfaces. 26 WDMA I.S.1A

27 Construction C-3: Core Requirements Particleboard Core: Wood fiber and/or agri-fiber based materials that comply with standard ANSI A Particleboard, minimum grade LD-1. Structural Composite Lumber Core: Engineered composite wood products shall be tested in accordance with WDMA I.S.10-99, Testing Cellulosic Composite Materials For Use in Fenestration Products. Staved Lumber Core: May be any combination of blocks or strips, not more than 2-1/2 in. (64 mm) wide, of one species of wood at 6% to 9% moisture content. Joints to be tight and staggered in adjacent rows. Fire Resistant Composite Core: Fire resistant composite core for fire doors per manufacturer's label service listing. Hollow Core: Expanded honeycomb made of corrugated fiberboard. Consult individual manufacturers for additional options. Special Core Types: Special core constructions are applicable for Sound Resistant (STC), Lead Lined (X-ray), Bullet Resistant and Electrostatic Shield doors. Consult individual manufacturers for details. C-4: Edge Requirements Vertical Edges (Stiles): Wood or composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer's standard. Minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors, and section A-9, Fabrication. Horizontal Edges (Rails): Wood or composite material meeting the minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors. C-5: Vertical and Horizontal Edge/Core Interface There are two types of interface between the core and the edges in solid core doors: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.13 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. C-6: Adhesives Note: The manufacturer has the option to use grade LD-1, LD-2, or other core, providing the final door construction meets or exceeds the specified performance duty levels in section P-1. Glue lines for face veneer assembly, between the various plies of the face, and between the facing and core assembly, are to be Type I or Type II. Glue lines between edging and core in bonded core assemblies are to be Type II minimum. Both adhesive types must meet the requirements specified in WDMA TM-6 Adhesive Bond Durability Test Method. WDMA I.S.1A

28 C-7: Construction Details Meeting Edge Options Specify by number Option E1: One Bevel (Bevel Active Leaf) Option E2: Two Bevel Option E3: Flat Astragal (One or Two Bevel) Option E4: Tee Astragal (One or Two Bevel) Option E5: Rabbeted (Bevel or Square) Option E6: Parallel Bevel (Double Egress) Option E7: Metal Edge Guard (Bevel) & Astragal (Bevel or Square) Option E8: Metal Edge Guard (Inactive Edge may be square) Note: Options E1, E2, E5, E6, E7, E8 available for fire doors per individual manufacturer s approval. Some may require fire-resistant edges. Dutch Door Options Specify by number Option D1: One side shelf Option D2: Two side shelf Option D3: One Side Face Mounted Shelf Option D4: Rabbeted meeting rails Option D5: No shelf Transom Meeting Edge Options Specify by number Option T1: Rabbeted Option T2: Square Option T3: Astragal Option T4: Transom Bar Illustrations on this page, except for Option E1, Option T3 and Option T4, reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia 28 WDMA I.S.1A

29 Glazing Options Specify by number * W = Wood Mouldings M = Metal Vision Frames W or M 1010 W or M 812 W or M 616 W or M 520 W or M 425 W or M 333 W or M 630 W or M 2830 W or M 636 W or M 836 W or M 1836 W or M 1654 Generally, cutouts in fire rated doors for metal or wood vision panels are a minimum of 5-1/2 in. (139.7 mm) from the vertical edge of the door or other cutouts for louvers, locks, closers and/or other hardware cutouts. Generally, for non-fire rated doors, the distance is 5 (127 mm). Dimensions may vary depending on construction or manufacturer s warranty. *Other sizes and details available. Note: Using a 10 margin between the edge of the door and the edge of any vision lite cutout near the lock area will eliminate most label and warranty conflicts. Designation indicates size. For example: 1836 is 18 in.wide x 36 in.high.(457 mm x 914 mm) Louver Options - Specify by number* WL =Wood Louver FL = Fusible Link WL or FL 1212 WL or FL 1812 WL or FL 2412 WL or FL 2418 WL or FL 2424 L1 Slats, Wood L2 Slats, Wood L3 Chevrons, Wood L4 Chevrons, Metal L5 Fusible Link Louvers are not allowed in means-of-egress fire doors per NFPA 80. Generally, fusible link louvers installed in 45, 60,and 90 minute fire rated doors must comply with individual fire door authorities and ADA requirements. *Other sizes and details available. General Wood Moulding Requirements Illustrations on this page, except for Option M3, reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia Option M1: Recessed Moulding Option M2: Recessed Moulding Option M3: Lip Moulding Option M4: Metal Vision Frame Option M5: Lip Moulding See aesthetic standards in Section C-10 for matching requirements. Specify transparent or opaque finish. Moulding shall be free of open defects, shake, splits, or doze. Moulding must be smooth and free of visible knife, saw, or sanding marks when viewed at a distance of 3 ft. (0.9 m) for premium grade and 6 ft. (1.8 m) for custom grade. Some variances may occur in the fit of flush-type mouldings due to door thickness, moulding width and glazing material. Blocking (Reinforcement) Options See construction standards C-10 thru C-14 for available blocking options. Specify by letter and dimension. WDMA I.S.1A

30 C-8: Fire Doors Fire Door Ratings and Openings Classification The Model Codes have established a fire door rating system for doors that protect openings in fire resistant rated wall constructions. The Fire Door Ratings Table provides the relationship between the fire door rating and the wall rating. In 1997, the International Council of Building Officials (ICBO) approved a change to the Uniform Building Code (UBC) that requires fire doors to be tested under positive pressure instead of neutral pressure. Many states and local jurisdictions across the U.S. have adopted the International Building Code (IBC) which also contains the requirement for positive pressure. It is very important that architects, contractors and distributors are aware of the requirements in their area so the appropriate type of door is supplied (neutral or positive pressure). Door manufacturers are not responsible for interpretations of local codes. All fire doors must meet the requirements of recognized fire door tests and bear certifying labels of an independent testing agency approved by the building official. Installation is required to be in accordance with the National Fire Protection Association s Publication NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. Machined fire doors shall be provided with detailed installation instructions when doors bear a label indicating compliance to UBC or UL 10C. 1. Key phrases indicating positive pressure: A. UBC UBC Fire Test B. IBC 2000 or IBC 2003 Code C. NFPA Code D. UL 10-C Fire Test E. ASTM Fire Test F. After 5 minutes into the test the neutral pressure plane should be at 40 G. Shall meet positive pressure requirements H. Intumescent seals not telling you it is positive pressure but implying that it is. *DOORS MAY BE EITHER NEUTRAL OR POSITIVE PRESSURE DEPENDING ON LOCAL CODE Important Facts to Consider When Reading Specifications 2. Key phrases indicating negative (neutral) pressure: A. UL 10-B Fire Test B. UBC UBC Fire Test C. UBC 43-2 UBC Fire Test D. Tested at atmospheric pressure E. Neutral pressure F. Negative pressure G. ASTM E-152 Test Method 3. Phrases that don t tell you if it is positive or negative: A. NFPA 101 Life Safety Code B. NFPA 105 Smoke and Draft Control Document C. NFPA 252 Fire Test method which gives the option to be positive or negative D. UBC With no date given could be either positive or negative E. UL 1784 Air Leakage Test for Door Assemblies F. NFPA 80 Installation standard for fire doors and windows Positive pressure openings can be accomplished in two basic ways: CATEGORY A DOORS NO ADDITIONAL EDGE-SEALING SYSTEM REQUIRED -This category includes doors evaluated without an edgesealing system between the door and frame. It also includes doors evaluated with a sealing system incorporated (concealed or visible) into the edge of the door by the licensed manufacturer or machining distributor. Meeting edges of pairs may require an astragal or edge sealing system. Please refer to individual door listing. CATEGORY B DOORS ADDITIONAL EDGE-SEALING SYSTEM REQUIRED - This category includes doors evaluated with an edge-sealing system applied to the labeled frame or door. The application of the edge-sealing system does not require any field machining of the frame or door. Please refer to Category G, Edge-Sealing Systems for individual manufacturer s listing. Minimum Fire Protection Ratings for Doors Component Walls and Partitions Fire Doors (Hours) (Hours) Elevator Hoistways /2 1 Vertical Shafts (including stairways, exit and refuse chutes) /2 1 Fire Barrier /2 3/4 Horizontal Exit 2 1 1/2 Exit Access Corriders 1 1/2 1/3 1/3 Smoke Barrier 1 1/3 Smoke Partition 1/2 1/3 30 WDMA I.S.1A

31 s S LABEL SMOKE RATING (Category H ) Many positive pressure openings will also require a smoke seal. An S label requirement indicates the opening needs to have Smoke and Draft Control Gasketing. Category H includes gasket systems that are surface-applied (such as kerf applied, adhesive backed or mechanically attached) to frames or doors. It includes gasketing for the meeting edges for use in pair and double egress assemblies. This category covers gasket systems that have been evaluated for use in positive pressure rated assemblies but do not provide an edge-sealing system to the opening as described below. EDGE-SEALING SYSTEMS (Category G ) Category G includes field applied systems only. Category G Edge-Sealing Systems are for use on Category B doors, or meeting edges (only) of Category A doors. These systems are surface-applied to either the perimeter of the door or frame, or meeting edge of the door. They may be kerf-applied, adhesive-backed, or mechanically fastened. DOOR SPECIFICATION DESCRIPTORS Section D-1, of the WDMA I.S.1A lists the different types of flush door constructions available in the industry. Fire rated flush doors for positive pressure openings are designated with the PP suffix. Stile and Rail doors as described by WDMA I.S. 6A are also available for positive pressure openings based on specific manufacturer s approvals. LABELING AND LISTING The U.S. model building codes require fire doors to be labeled. The label indicates the rating and is a permanent identifying mark attached to the door. A testing organization provides random unannounced inspection of the production of the fire door. Labeling on the door indicates compliance with the standard for fire door tests. In addition to the door, the door frame and hardware are required to be labeled for use with a specific fire door. NFPA 80 requires that all fire doors must be self-closing and self-latching. C-9: Special Function Doors Sound Resistant (STC) Sound Resistant Doors are specified by the Sound Transmission Class (STC) ratings as prescribed in the latest version of ASTM Standard E-90. These doors generally have cores with sound dampening compounds or materials which prevent the faces from vibrating in unison. Sound resistant doors are available with various STC ratings and are often furnished complete with gaskets and other acoustical accessories. Door thickness may exceed 1-3/4" (44mm). Consult manufacturer for details of gasketing, automatic door seals, and thresholds and for special frames or hardware which may be required. Lead Lined (X-ray) Lead Lined doors are usually manufactured with a Particleboard, Structural Composite Lumber, or Stave Lumber Core and have continuous lead sheet(s) from edge to edge in the center of the door or between the crossbanding and the core. Various thicknesses of lead sheets are available. Inch (Pound) Metric 1/32 in. ( 2 lb.) 0.8 mm ( 0.9 kg) 1/16 in. ( 4 lb.) 1.6 mm ( 1.8 kg) 1/8 in. ( 8 lb) 3.2 mm ( 3.6 kg) 3/16 in. ( 12 lb.) 4.8 mm ( 5.4 kg) 1/4 in. ( 16 lb.) 6.4 mm ( 7.3 kg) Note: Specify the Sound Transmission Class (STC) required. Note: Specify the thickness of the lead which determines the shield rating. Bullet Resistant Bullet resistant doors are manufactured with special ballistic rated materials within the core assembly. They are available to meet or exceed protection levels defined in UL 752 "Bullet-Resisting Equipment" or N.I.J. (National Institute of Justice) performance standards. Note: Specify the protection level required. Electrostatic Shield These doors are manufactured with wire mesh or lead either in the center of the core or between the crossbanding and the core. The mesh or lead is grounded with electrical leads through the hinges to the frame. Note: Specify the number and location of electrical leads. Not required for lead. WDMA I.S.1A

32 C-10 Wood Veneer Particleboard Core PC-5 Bonded FPC-5 Non-Bonded Top and Bottom Horizontal Edges: Wood or composite material meeting the minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors. Vertical Edges: Wood or Composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer s standard. Minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors, and section A-9, Fabrication. Core: Particleboard, ANSI A208.1, minimum grade LD-1. Core Edge Interface: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then the entire core assembly machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Back Veneer: (3-ply skin) Crossband: Crossbands shall be one piece or edge glued without voids (see section C-2). Veneer Face: Face veneer thickness shall be a minimum of 1/50 in.(0.50 mm) at a moisture content of 12% or less. Typical Hardware Blocking Options (Consult Manufacturer) PC-7 Bonded FPC-7 Non-Bonded HB-1 HB-2 HB-3 HB-4 HB-5 HB-6 HB-7 HB-8 Wood Veneer Fire Resistant Composite Core FD-45-5, 60-5, 90-5 FD-45PP-5, 60PP-5, 90PP-5 Top and Bottom Horizontal Edges: Special construction per label service listing. FD-45-7, 60-7, 90-7 FD-45PP-7, 60PP-7, 90PP-7 Vertical Edges: Special construction per label service listing. Core: Fire resistant composite core per manufacturer s label service listing. Core Edge Interface: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then the entire core assembly machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Back Veneer: (3-ply skin) Crossband: May vary according to manufacturer s label service listing. Veneer Face: Face veneer thickness shall be a minimum of 1/50 in. (0.50 mm) at a moisture content of 12% or less. 32 Door illustrations on this page reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia WDMA I.S.1A

33 C-10 WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Performance Standards EXTRA HEAVY DUTY HEAVY DUTY STANDARD DUTY Adhesive Bond Durability WDMA TM-6,1988 Ty pe II Ty pe II Ty pe II Cycle Slam WDMA TM-7,1990 1,000,000 cy cles 500,000 cy cles 250,000 cy cles Hinge-Loading WDMA TM-8, lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Door Finishes Various ASTM test methods TR-6/OP-6 or equal * TR-4/OP-4 or equal * TR-2/OP-2 or equal * Screwholding WDMA TM-10,1990 Door Face unblocked 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) ** Door Face (w ith optional blocking) *** 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) Vertical Door Edge 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Horizontal Door Edge (applies w hen hardw are attached) 300 lbs. (1330 N) 240 lbs. (1060 N) 180 lbs. (810 N) Telegraph WDMA T-1 Warp Tolerance WDMA T-2 Performance Attribute Duty Level Max imum in. per 3 in. (0.25 mm per 76 mm) span max imum 0.25 in per 3'-6" x 7'-0" (6.35 mm per 1050 mm x 2100 mm) door section Squareness WDMA T-3 Diagonal v ariance in. (3.17 mm) * Other formulations may ex hibit similar performance characteristics, but must meet or ex ceed the performance lev els for the sy stems specified to be considered as equal. ** If screw holding pow er is less than 400 lbs. (1780 N) blocking or thru-bolts are recommended for operable hardw are. *** Blocking may be specified in certain hardware applications w here a specifier deems the frequency and sev erity of use so dictates. Blocking is a material used for improv ed screw holding at hardw are attachment points (not required in core ty pes such as SCL or Stav e Lumber). Refer to Sections C-10 through C-14 for blocking options. WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards DOOR FEATURES PREMIUM Grade CUSTOM Grade Transparent Finish Opaque Finish Transparent Finish Opaque Finish Veneer Face Minimum 1/50 in. at Minimum 1/50 in. at Minimum 1/50 in. at 12% MC Medium Density 12% MC 12% MC "A" Grade Veneer* Ov erlay "A" Grade Veneer Sound Hardw ood Veneer Edge Glued Joints Edge Glued Joints Edge Glued Joints Optional Veneer Face (Must Be Specified) "AA" Grade Veneer N/A "B" Grade Veneer Composites (see section C-1) Veneer Match (See Page 14) Book, Slip or Book, Slip or Random Match N/A Random Match No Match Veneer Face Assembly (See Page 15) Center Balance, Balance or Running N/A Running N/A Optional Face Assembly Center Balance (Must Be Specified) N/A N/A or Balance N/A Vertical Edges** (Visible Surface) Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood No Joints No Joints Joints Allow ed Hinge Edge Joints Allow ed Wood Mouldings** Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain Lites, Louv ers, etc. Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Pair/Set Match Pair/Set Select for similar Match N/A color and grain N/A Door/Transoms Door/Transom Select for similar Match N/A color only N/A Transom Meeting Edges** Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain (Full w idth of door/transom) Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered * "AA" Grade balanced match may be specified w hen adjacent to AA grade millw ork or as otherw ise required. ** Birch faced doors may use compatible species edges, lights, and moulding in Premium Grade due to scarcity of birch lumber. WDMA I.S.1A

34 C-11 HPDL Particleboard Core PC-3 Bonded FPC-3 Non-Bonded Top and Bottom Horizontal Edges: Wood or composite material meeting the minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors. Vertical Edges: Wood or Composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer s standard. Minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors, and section A-9, Fabrication. Core: Particleboard, ANSI A208.1, minimum grade LD-1. Core Edge Interface: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then the entire core assembly machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per sectiont-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Crossband: Crossbands shall be one piece or edge glued without voids (see section C-2). Laminate Face: High-pressure decorative laminates (HPDL) faces to meet minimum requirements of National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard LD 3 High-Pressure Decorative Laminates. PC-5 Bonded FPC-5 Non-Bonded Typical Hardware Blocking Options (Consult Manufacturer) HB-1 HB-2 HB-3 HB-4 HB-5 HB-6 HB-7 HB-8 HPDL Fire Resistant Composite Core FD-45-3, 60-3, 90-3 FD-45PP-3, 60PP-3, 90PP-3 Top and Bottom Horizontal Edges: Special construction per label service listing. Vertical Edges: Special construction per label service listing. Core: Fire resistant composite core per manufacturer s label service listing. Core Edge Interface: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then the entire core assembly machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Crossband: May vary according to manufacturer s label service listing. Laminate Face: High-pressure decorative laminates (HPDL) faces to meet minimum requirements of National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard LD 3 High-Pressure Decorative Laminates. FD-45-5, 60-5, 90-5 FD-45PP-5, 60PP-5, 90PP-5 34 Door illustrations on this page reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia WDMA I.S.1A

35 C-11 WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Performance Standards EXTRA HEAVY DUTY HEAVY DUTY STANDARD DUTY Adhesive Bond Durability WDMA TM-6,1988 Ty pe II Ty pe II Ty pe II Cycle Slam WDMA TM-7,1990 1,000,000 cy cles 500,000 cy cles 250,000 cy cles Hinge-Loading WDMA TM-8, lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Door Finishes Various ASTM test methods TR-6/OP-6 or equal * TR-4/OP-4 or equal * TR-2/OP-2 or equal * Screwholding WDMA TM-10,1990 Door Face unblocked 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) ** Door Face (w ith optional blocking) *** 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) Vertical Door Edge 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Horizontal Door Edge (applies w hen hardw are attached) 300 lbs. (1330 N) 240 lbs. (1060 N) 180 lbs. (810 N) Telegraph WDMA T-1 Warp Tolerance WDMA T-2 Performance Attribute Duty Level Max imum in. per 3 in. (0.25 mm per 76 mm) span max imum 0.25 in per 3'-6" x 7'-0" (6.35 mm per 1050 mm x 2100 mm) door section Squareness WDMA T-3 Diagonal v ariance in. (3.17 mm) * Other formulations may ex hibit similar performance characteristics, but must meet or ex ceed the performance lev els for the sy stems specified to be considered as equal. ** If screw holding pow er is less than 400 lbs. (1780 N) blocking or thru-bolts are recommended for operable hardw are. *** Blocking may be specified in certain hardware applications w here a specifier deems the frequency and sev erity of use so dictates. Blocking is a material used for improv ed screw holding at hardw are attachment points (not required in core ty pes such as SCL or Stav e Lumber). Refer to Sections C-10 through C-14 for blocking options. WDMA I.S. 1A Laminate Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards DOOR FEATURES PREMIUM Grade CUSTOM Grade Finish Type Woodgrains Solid Colors or Patterns Woodgrains Solid Colors or Patterns High Pressure Decorative Laminate Face Low Pressure Decorative Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts. Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts Laminate Face for Saturated Papers for Saturated Papers for Saturated Papers for Saturated Papers Pairs and Sets Matching not av ailable N/A Matching not av ailable N/A Vertical edges Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC (Visible surface) Wood Mouldings Compatible Species Closed grain hardw ood Compatible Species Closed grain hardw ood (lites, louv ers, etc.) Solid Lumber or v eneered Solid lumber or v eneered Solid Lumber or v eneered Solid lumber or v eneered Transparent (stain) finish (a) Paint finish (b) Transparent (stain) finish (a) Paint finish (b) Doors/Transoms Door and transom grain Door and transom grain N/A continuous match continuous match N/A Transom Meeting Edges Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC (Full w idth of door/transom) Options for vertical edges and transom bottom edge. Must be specified if desired. Optional vertical edges: Optional bottom edge: (For transoms option T1 & T2) (Full w idth of door/transom) Note: WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) No joints Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) No joints a. Species and transparent (stain) finish for edges and w ood mouldings to be approv ed by architect. b. Paint finish to match laminate color or harmonize w ith patterns. Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) Joints allow ed on hinge edge only. Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) Joints Permitted Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) WDMA I.S.1A

36 C-12 Wood Veneer Structural Composite Lumber Core SCLC-5 Bonded FSCLC-5 Non-Bonded Vertical Edges: Wood or Composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer s standard. Minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors, and section A-9, Fabrication. Core: Engineered composite wood products meeting the minimum requirements of WDMA I.S.10-99, Testing Cellulosic Composite Materials For Use in Fenestration Products. Core Edge Interface: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then the entire core assembly machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Back Veneer: (3-ply skin) Crossband: Crossbands shall be one piece or edge glued without voids (see section C-2). Veneer Face: Face veneer thickness shall be a minimum of 1/50 in. (0.50mm) at a moisture content of 12% or less. SCLC-7 Bonded FSCLC-7 Non-Bonded Typical Hardware Blocking Options NO BLOCKING REQUIRED Wood Veneer Stave Lumber Core SLC-5 Bonded FSLC-5 Non-Bonded Top and Bottom Horizontal Edges: Wood or composite material meeting the minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors. Vertical Edges: Wood or Composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer s standard. Minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors, and section A-9, Fabrication. Core: May be any combination of blocks or strips, not more than 2-1/2 in. (64 mm) wide, of one species of wood at 6% to 9% moisture content. Joints to be tight and staggered in adjacent rows. Core Edge Interface: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then the entire core assembly machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Back Veneer: (3-ply skin) Crossband: Crossbands shall be one piece or edge glued without voids (see section C-2). Veneer Face: Face veneer thickness shall be a minimum of 1/50 in. (0.50mm) at a moisture content of 12% or less. SLC-7 Bonded FSLC-7 Non-Bonded 36 Door illustrations on this page reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia WDMA I.S.1A

37 C-12 WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Performance Standards EXTRA HEAVY DUTY HEAVY DUTY STANDARD DUTY Adhesive Bond Durability WDMA TM-6,1988 Ty pe II Ty pe II Ty pe II Cycle Slam WDMA TM-7,1990 1,000,000 cy cles 500,000 cy cles 250,000 cy cles Hinge-Loading WDMA TM-8, lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Door Finishes Various ASTM test methods TR-6/OP-6 or equal * TR-4/OP-4 or equal * TR-2/OP-2 or equal * Screwholding WDMA TM-10,1990 Door Face unblocked 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) ** Door Face (w ith optional blocking) *** 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) Vertical Door Edge 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Horizontal Door Edge (applies w hen hardw are attached) 300 lbs. (1330 N) 240 lbs. (1060 N) 180 lbs. (810 N) Telegraph WDMA T-1 Warp Tolerance WDMA T-2 Performance Attribute Duty Level Max imum in. per 3 in. (0.25 mm per 76 mm) span max imum 0.25 in per 3'-6" x 7'-0" (6.35 mm per 1050 mm x 2100 mm) door section Squareness WDMA T-3 Diagonal v ariance in. (3.17 mm) * Other formulations may ex hibit similar performance characteristics, but must meet or ex ceed the performance lev els for the sy stems specified to be considered as equal. ** If screw holding pow er is less than 400 lbs. (1780 N) blocking or thru-bolts are recommended for operable hardw are. *** Blocking may be specified in certain hardware applications w here a specifier deems the frequency and sev erity of use so dictates. Blocking is a material used for improv ed screw holding at hardw are attachment points (not required in core ty pes such as SCL or Stav e Lumber). Refer to Sections C-10 through C-14 for blocking options. WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards DOOR FEATURES PREMIUM Grade CUSTOM Grade Transparent Finish Opaque Finish Transparent Finish Opaque Finish Veneer Face Minimum 1/50 in. at Minimum 1/50 in. at Minimum 1/50 in. at 12% MC Medium Density 12% MC 12% MC "A" Grade Veneer* Ov erlay "A" Grade Veneer Sound Hardw ood Veneer Edge Glued Joints Edge Glued Joints Edge Glued Joints Optional Veneer Face (Must Be Specified) "AA" Grade Veneer N/A "B" Grade Veneer Composite (see section C-1) Veneer Match (See Page 14) Book, Slip or Book, Slip or Random Match N/A Random Match No Match Veneer Face Assembly (See Page 15) Center Balance, Balance or Running N/A Running N/A Optional Face Assembly Center Balance (Must Be Specified) N/A N/A or Balance N/A Vertical Edges** (Visible Surface) Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood No Joints No Joints Joints Allow ed Hinge Edge Joints Allow ed Wood Mouldings** Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain Lites, Louv ers, etc. Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Pair/Set Match Pair/Set Select for similar Match N/A color and grain N/A Door/Transoms Door/Transom Select for similar Match N/A color only N/A Transom Meeting Edges** Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain (Full w idth of door/transom) Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered * "AA" Grade balanced match may be specified w hen adjacent to AA grade millw ork or as otherw ise required. ** Birch faced doors may use compatible species edges, lights, and moulding in Premium Grade due to scarcity of birch lumber. WDMA I.S.1A

38 C-13 HPDL Structural Composite Lumber Core SCLC-3 Bonded FSCLC-3 Non-Bonded SCLC-5 Bonded FSCLC-5 Non-Bonded Vertical Edges: Wood or Composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer s standard. Minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors, and section A-9, Fabrication. Core: Engineered composite wood products meeting the minimum requirements of WDMA I.S.10-99, Testing Cellulosic Composite Materials For Use in Fenestration Products. Core Edge Interface: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then the entire core assembly machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Crossband: Crossbands shall be one piece or edge glued without voids (see section C-2). Laminate Face: High-pressure decorative laminates (HPDL) faces to meet minimum requirements of National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard LD 3 High-Pressure Decorative Laminates. Typical Hardware Blocking Options NO BLOCKING REQUIRED HPDL Stave Lumber Core Top and Bottom Horizontal Edges: Wood or composite material meeting the minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors. Vertical Edges: Wood or Composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer s standard. Minimum requirements per section P-1, Performance Standards for Architectural Wood Flush Doors, and section A-9, Fabrication. Core: May be any combination of blocks or strips, not more than 2-1/2 in. (64 mm) wide, of one species of wood at 6% to 9% moisture content. Joints to be tight and staggered in adjacent rows. Core Edge Interface: Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges of solid core doors must be securely bonded to the core with adhesives and then the entire core assembly machine calibrated before veneering to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Crossband: Crossbands shall be one piece or edge glued without voids (see section C-2). Laminate Face: High-pressure decorative laminates (HPDL) faces to meet minimum requirements of National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard LD 3 High-Pressure Decorative Laminates. SLC-5 Bonded FSLC-5 Non-Bonded 38 Door illustrations on this page reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia WDMA I.S.1A

39 C-13 WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Performance Standards EXTRA HEAVY DUTY HEAVY DUTY STANDARD DUTY Adhesive Bond Durability WDMA TM-6,1988 Ty pe II Ty pe II Ty pe II Cycle Slam WDMA TM-7,1990 1,000,000 cy cles 500,000 cy cles 250,000 cy cles Hinge-Loading WDMA TM-8, lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Door Finishes Various ASTM test methods TR-6/OP-6 or equal * TR-4/OP-4 or equal * TR-2/OP-2 or equal * Screwholding WDMA TM-10,1990 Door Face unblocked 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) ** Door Face (w ith optional blocking) *** 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) 700 lbs (3110 N) Vertical Door Edge 550 lbs. (2440 N) 475 lbs. (2110 N) 400 lbs. (1780 N) Horizontal Door Edge (applies w hen hardw are attached) 300 lbs. (1330 N) 240 lbs. (1060 N) 180 lbs. (810 N) Telegraph WDMA T-1 Warp Tolerance WDMA T-2 Performance Attribute Duty Level Max imum in. per 3 in. (0.25 mm per 76 mm) span max imum 0.25 in per 3'-6" x 7'-0" (6.35 mm per 1050 mm x 2100 mm) door section Squareness WDMA T-3 Diagonal v ariance in. (3.17 mm) * Other formulations may ex hibit similar performance characteristics, but must meet or ex ceed the performance lev els for the sy stems specified to be considered as equal. ** If screw holding pow er is less than 400 lbs. (1780 N) blocking or thru-bolts are recommended for operable hardw are. *** Blocking may be specified in certain hardware applications w here a specifier deems the frequency and sev erity of use so dictates. Blocking is a material used for improv ed screw holding at hardw are attachment points (not required in core ty pes such as SCL or Stav e Lumber). Refer to Sections C-10 through C-14 for blocking options. WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards WDMA I.S. 1A Laminate Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards DOOR FEATURES PREMIUM Grade CUSTOM Grade Finish Type Woodgrains Solid Colors or Patterns Woodgrains Solid Colors or Patterns High Pressure Decorative Laminate Face Low Pressure Decorative Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts. Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts Laminate Face for Saturated Papers for Saturated Papers for Saturated Papers for Saturated Papers Pairs and Sets Matching not av ailable N/A Matching not av ailable N/A Vertical edges Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC (Visible surface) Wood Mouldings Compatible Species Closed grain hardw ood Compatible Species Closed grain hardw ood (lites, louv ers, etc.) Solid Lumber or v eneered Solid lumber or v eneered Solid Lumber or v eneered Solid lumber or v eneered Transparent (stain) finish (a) Paint finish (b) Transparent (stain) finish (a) Paint finish (b) Doors/Transoms Door and transom grain Door and transom grain N/A continuous match continuous match N/A Transom Meeting Edges Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC (Full w idth of door/transom) Options for vertical edges and transom bottom edge. Must be specified if desired. Optional vertical edges: Optional bottom edge: (For transoms option T1 & T2) (Full w idth of door/transom) Note: Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) No joints Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) a. Species and transparent (stain) finish for edges and w ood mouldings to be approv ed by architect. b. Paint finish to match laminate color or harmonize w ith patterns. Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) No joints Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) Joints allow ed on hinge edge only. Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) Joints Permitted Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) WDMA I.S.1A

40 C-14 Wood Veneer Hollow Core FIHC-5 or 7 Non-Bonded Institutional FSHC-7 Non-Bonded Standard Top and Bottom Horizontal Edges: 6 in. to 12 in. (152 mm to 302 mm) for Institutional, and minimum 1-1/8 in. (28.5 mm) for stnadard, as specified wood or composite material, one piece or laminated. Vertical Edges: 1 in (25.4 mm) minimum wood or composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer s standard. Core: Expanded honeycomb made of corrugated fiberboard (illustrated). Consult individual manufacturers for additional options. Core Edge Interface: Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Blocking Reinforcement Midrail Back Veneer: (3-ply skin) Crossband: Crossbands shall be one piece or edge glued without voids (see section C-2). Veneer Face: Face veneer thickness shall be a minimum of 1/50 in. (0.50 mm) at a moisture content of 12% or less. Typical Hardware Blocking Options (Consult Manufacturer) HB-1 HB-2 HB-3 HB-4 HB-5 HB-6 HB-7 HB-8 HPDL Hollow Core FIHC-5 Non-Bonded Institutional 40 Top and Bottom Horizontal Edges: 6 in. to 12 in. (152 mm to 302 mm) for Institutional, and minimum 1-1/8 in. (28.5 mm) for stnadard, as specified wood or composite material, one piece or laminated. Vertical Edges: 1 in. (25.4 mm) minimum wood or composite material, one piece, laminated, or veneered. Specific configuration per manufacturer s standard. Core: Expanded honeycomb made of corrugated fiberboard (illustrated). Consult individual manufacturers for additional options. Core Edge Interface: Non-Bonded: Vertical and horizontal edges are not bonded to the core material. The maximum gap between core and vertical and/or horizontal edges to be 1/32 in. (0.8 mm). Core and adjacent edging component thickness tolerance is +/ in. (0.1 mm) to achieve minimal telegraphing per section T-1. Blocking Reinforcement Midrail Back Veneer: (3-ply skin) Crossband: Crossbands shall be one piece or edge glued without voids (see section C-2). Laminate Face: High-pressure decorative laminates (HPDL) faces to meet minimum requirements of National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard LD 3 High-Pressure Decorative Laminates. Door illustrations on this page reprinted with permission from the 8th Edition Quality Standards Illustrated, 2004, Architectural Woodwork Institute, Reston, Virginia WDMA I.S.1A FSHC-7 Non-Bonded Standard

41 WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards DOOR FEATURES PREMIUM Grade CUSTOM Grade Transparent Finish Opaque Finish Transparent Finish Opaque Finish Veneer Face Minimum 1/50 in. at 12% MC Minimum 1/50 in. at 12% MC Minimum 1/50 in. at 12% MC "A" Grade Veneer* Medium Density Ov erlay "A" Grade Veneer Sound Hardw ood Veneer Edge Glued Joints Edge Glued Joints Edge Glued Joints Optional Veneer Face (Must Be Specified) "AA" Grade Veneer N/A "B" Grade Veneer Composite Veneer Match (See Page 14) Book, Slip or Book, Slip or Random Match N/A Random Match No Match Veneer Face Assembly (See Page 15) Center Balance, Balance or Running N/A Running N/A Optional Face Assembly Center Balance (Must Be Specified) N/A N/A or Balance N/A Vertical Edges** (Visible Surface) Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood No Joints No Joints Joints Allow ed Hinge Edge Joints Allow ed Wood Mouldings** Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain Lites, Louv ers, etc. Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Pair/Set Match Pair/Set Select for similar Match N/A color and grain N/A Door/Transoms Door/Transom Select for similar Match N/A color only N/A Transom Meeting Edges** Same Species as Closed Grain Compatible to Closed Grain (Full w idth of door/transom) Veneer Face Hardw ood Veneer Face Hardw ood Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered Solid or Veneered * "AA" Grade balanced match may be specified w hen adjacent to AA grade millw ork or as otherw ise required. ** Birch faced doors may use compatible species edges, lights, and moulding in Premium Grade due to scarcity of birch lumber. WDMA I.S.1A Flush Wood Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards DOOR FEATURES PREMIUM Grade CUSTOM Grade Finish Type Woodgrains Solid Colors or Patterns Woodgrains Solid Colors or Patterns High Pressure Decorative Laminate Face Low Pressure Decorative Laminate Face Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds NEMA LD-3 Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts. For Saturated Papers Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts. For Saturated Papers Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts. For Saturated Papers Meets or ex ceeds LMA rqmts. For Saturated Papers Pairs and Sets Matching not av ailable N/A Matching not av ailable N/A Verticle edges (Visible surface) Wood Mouldings Matching HPDL or PVC Compatible Species Matching HPDL or PVC Closed grain hardw ood Matching HPDL or PVC Compatible Species Matching HPDL or PVC Closed grain hardw ood (lites, louv ers, etc.) Solid Lumber or v eneered Solid lumber or v eneered Solid Lumber or v eneered Solid lumber or v eneered Transparent (stain) finish (a) Paint finish (b) Transparent (stain) finish (a) Paint finish (b) Doors/Transoms Door and transom grain Door and transom grain N/A N/A continuous match continuous match Transom Meeting Edges** Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC Matching HPDL or PVC (Full w idth of door/transom) Options for vertical edges and transom bottom edge. Must be specified if desired. Optional vertical edges: Optional bottom edge: (For transoms option T1 & T2) (Full w idth of door/transom) Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) No joints Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) WDMA I.S. 1A Laminate Door Minimum Aesthetic Standards Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) No joints Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) Note: a. Species and transparent (stain) finish for edges and w ood mouldings to be approv ed by architect. b. Paint finish to match laminate color or harmonize w ith w oodgrains and patterns. Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) Joints allow ed on hinge edge only Compatible species w ith transparent (stain) finish (a) Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) Joints Permitted Close grain hardw ood w ith paint finish (b) WDMA I.S.1A

42 Finishing GENERAL Finishes protect wood from moisture, handling, or harsh chemicals. The sooner moisture is restricted from entering or leaving, the longer wood lasts and the finer it looks. It should be noted, however, that finishing only retards moisture penetration, it will not prevent it. Transparent finishes without stain provide a protective "window" for the wood, maintaining its natural look. Transparent finishes with stain provide the architect or designer an opportunity to create a striking visual effect by modifying the color, look, and sheen. Opaque finishes protect the wood and provide a solid color "painted" appearance. A finish can be applied to flush wood doors in the controlled environment of the door manufacturer's plant or it can be applied in the field by a painting contractor. The majority of architectural and commercial wood doors are now finished at the factory as opposed to the jobsite. It is highly recommended that specifications require factory finishing to achieve the best overall appearance and durability. F-1: Factory Finishing Factory finishing is generally specified when a project requires high quality performance and superior appearance. Factory finishing offers many benefits: State-of-the-art equipment in a dust-free environment provides uniform color, texture, and sheen - conditions normally unavailable in the field. Very frequently in field finishing, numerous limitations prevent proper sanding. Improperly sanded, a door lacks the clarity of finish and uniformity of color achievable in factory finishing. Factory finishing provides adequate drying time in a dust free environment. Door manufacturing facilities are subject to strict State and Federal environmental standards which result in the proper handling, application, emission and disposal of materials. Specifying factory finish improves environmental compliance. It ensures that wood is protected from unfavorable moisture conditions at the earliest possible time. In most cases the cost of factory finishing is lower than the cost of using a separate finishing contractor. Factory finished doors need only to be installed after delivery, which means faster project completion. F-2: Finish Selection Normally, door manufacturers will only supply their standard finishing system. The factory finishing information provided by the specified door manufacturer(s) should be consulted before specifying the type and extent of finishing desired. Many door manufacturers supply a TR-6/OP-6 finish system as standard. This system provides one of the highest levels of wear and chemical resistance at a very economical cost. Other systems are available, based on individual door manufacturers processes and policies. Non-standard stain colors, or sheens to match architect's selection are available from most manufacturers. Some manufacturers may offer more than one finish system or grain textures (i.e., open grain or "filled" grain). Specifying non-standard finishes may increase the cost over standard finishes. Should special door finishes be desired, they must be fully described in the specifications. Since appearance and other finish characteristics are somewhat subjective, just the selection of a finishing system does not ensure that the final finish will be acceptable. Selection of a finish should be based on physical samples provided by the door manufacturer to establish the color, grain texture, and sheen. 42 WDMA I.S.1A

43 Finishing F-3: Finish System Description A variety of wood finishes are available, from single stains to multi-step processes. When selecting a finish, consider the desired appearance, exposure, and maintenance it will require. These 16 finishing systems represent the general range of available finishes, however, there are 6 basic finishing systems used in the architectural and commercial door industry. They include Catalyzed Lacquer (TR-2/OP-2), Conversion Varnish (TR-4/OP-4), or Catalyzed Polyurethanes (TR- 6/OP-6). These systems represent the general chemistry of the material. Unless otherwise specified, manufacturers will furnish their standard finish system. This standard is not an attempt to identify all available finish systems, or to limit the types of finishes which may be offered by door manufacturers. Other formulations may exhibit similar performance characteristics as the systems described in this section, but must meet or exceed the performance levels for the system specified to be considered as equal. Also, the listing of a finish system in this standard does not imply compliance with the requirement of Local and/or Federal Environmental Protection Agencies. Finishes are available in different bases and curing methods. The basic types are solvent, water reducible, or ultra violet cure. Solvent bases cure by the evaporation of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) into the atmosphere and their use is regulated by environmental agencies. Water base systems evaporate water for curing. Ultra violet (UV) finishes are cured using light to create a chemical reaction within the finishing material. UV finishes are typically the most environmentally friendly of the systems used for custom door production finishing. The six standard systems used by many door manufacturers are highlighted in bold type and the performance characteristics of the finishing systems are identified in Section F-7. Note: System codes identify the type of finish: TR transparent, clear or stain finishes. OP opaque, solid color finishes (pigmented top coats). When specifying, use both the system name and system number.. The Architectural Woodwork Institute has discontinued the use of the TR/OP number finishing system description, in favor of the chemical description. WDMA has elected to continue to use both the number system and chemical descriptions TR-0 Synthetic Penetrating Oil and Simulated Oil Finish Oiled finishes provide a natural look which accentuates the beauty of the wood grain. However, oiled surfaces tend to dry out, leaving the wood with a thirsty, aged look that requires reapplication of oil from time to time. Synthetic penetrating oil is a special oil composition designed to penetrate into the wood, resist water spots, hold an oiled appearance for a long period of time, and is easy to repair. A stain can be applied to the wood or color added to the oil for a variety of effects. An "oil finish effect" can also be created by using catalyzed vinyls (or other low gloss finish materials). Similar in appearance, they generate stronger performance characteristics and higher resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and humidity than true oil finishes. They also offer excellent clarity and color retention. Penetrating oil with stain or color added may be used prior to applying the top coats to provide wood color and grain clarity. The oil must be compatible with the top coat system. TR-1 & OP-1 Nitrocellulose Lacquers Standard lacquers, or non-catalyzed lacquers, are compatible with a wide variety of colorants, coloring methods, and sheen control which allow recoating and repair. Standard lacquers are nitrocellulose based and may be modified to achieve a variety of properties such as water white clarity, plus resistance to moisture, alcohol, and abrasives. The valuable properties of many lacquers are due to their method of cure. Lacquer film dries by solvent evaporation. Each layer is soluble in the others applied over it, and all blend in a monolithic layer. WDMA I.S.1A

44 Finishing TR-2 & OP-2 Catalyzed Lacquer Catalyzed lacquer systems contain an ingredient for faster drying and harder film. They have the strength and higher solids of conversion coatings. Vinyl lacquer systems are catalyzed lacquers that have a vinyl resin rather than a nitrocellulose base. TR-3 & OP-3 Acrylic Lacquer Acrylic lacquer systems are high quality finishes available in a variety of sheens. The clear finishes are water white in color with excellent nonyellowing qualities. Both solvent-type and water-reducible acrylic lacquers are available. Water-reducible systems have higher solids and are safer to apply as they do not contain the volatile flammable solvents typical of lacquers. TR-4 & OP-4 Conversion Varnish Conversion varnish is a high solids catalyzed alkyd based coating, offering high resistance to chemicals, moisture, and scratches. Similar in composition to catalyzed lacquer except for nitrocellulose, the solids in this finish make it economical; one coat can equal two of lacquer. Conversion varnishes are also available in waterborne formulations. TR-5 & OP-5 Catalyzed Vinyl Catalyzed vinyls have a vinyl resin base and generally are the most chemically resistant of the conversion coatings. They are appropriate for laboratories and industrial applications where chemical and solvent resistance is necessary. TR-6 & OP-6 Catalyzed Polyurethane Catalyzed polyurethanes have a higher solids content than lacquers and provide high build and excellent hardness, often providing one of the highest chemical and wear resistance ratings of all available finishes. They are very durable and offer excellent chemical, mar, and impact resistance. Many door manufacturers provide a catalyzed polyurethane system that is cured using ultraviolet (UV) technology. TR-7 & OP-7 Polyester Polyesters are a very high solids plastic coating that require special care in handling and application. Essentially 100% solids, they cure to a heavy coating which leaves a deep wet-look finish, either clear or colored. The resulting finish has as much as 80% of the hardness of glass and has very limited repairability. OP-8 Polyester/Polyurethane Since polyesters have strong filling, build, leveling, and hardness traits, they can be combined with polyurethanes to achieve high gloss and endurance for opaque finishes. The final product excels in appearance, burnish, texture, and overall durability and is slightly easier to touch-up or repair than polyesters. 44 WDMA I.S.1A

45 Finishing F-4: Sample Submission Door manufacturers will provide standard colors for selection. To specify non-standard colors and sheens, the architect is to provide two or more samples at least 8" x 10" (200 x 250 mm) showing the desired effect on the wood species and cut of veneer to be used. Samples are to bear identification of the project, architect, general contractor, and door supplier. The door manufacturer may elect to submit samples in sets of two or more, illustrating the possible range of variations. The finished sample sets then become the final criteria for evaluating the color and finish conformity at the time of delivery. Exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet light will cause changes in wood by accelerating bleaching and oxidation. Approved finish samples must be covered and protected from effects of light during the period between approval and delivery of the finished doors. Variations in color and appearance can be expected due to the nature of wood. Barber pole effect in book matched veneers is a result of tight and loose sides of veneer created during the slicing process. This can affect color from veneer sheet to veneer sheet within a door face because of light reflection and stain absorption. Color variation from door to door due to veneers from different logs or color variation within veneers from the same log, and variations from heartwood and sapwood, can also cause differences in appearance from door to door and are acceptable in standard door grades. Specification of uniform color and grain or flitch selection can narrow color variation. Some veneers are susceptible to grain variations (typically end grain) which can cause a blotchy or uneven color appearance. The darker the stain, the more prevalent the variation can be. Veneers that are more likely to exhibit this effect are Birch and Maple, although it can present itself in any species. Proper sanding and application of a wash coat can reduce, but not entirely eliminate the contrast in color. F-5: Job Site Finishing Because of the many uncontrollable variables that exist at a job site, such as temperature, dust and other factors, door manufacturers' warranties do not cover the appearance of finishes applied in the field. For additional information see WDMA Publication "How to Store, Handle, Finish, Install and Maintain Wood Doors". This publication is also reprinted in section J-1 of this standard. F-6: Visual Inspection Standards Architectural flush door faces sometimes require touch up due to natural, manufacturing or installation marks. The chart below outlines the allowable defects based on visual inspection from a described distance. Factory finished doors must be final inspected in the vertical position, at the opening, prior to installation. Defect Type PREMIUM Grade CUSTOM Grade Glue Spots Not permitted Not permitted Fine Sanding Scratches Not noticeable at 3 ft. (0.9 m) Not noticeable at 6 ft. (1.8 m) Finish runs, orange peel, blisters, blushing, cracking, sags or checking Not permitted Not permitted Filled holes or splits Not noticeable at 3 ft. (0.9 m) Not noticeable at 6 ft. (1.8 m) Repair or touch-up Not noticeable at 3 ft. (0.9 m) Not noticeable at 6 ft. (1.8 m) Decorative Laminate Surface Imperfections Not noticeable at 3 ft. (0.9 m) Not noticeable at 6 ft. (1.8 m) WDMA I.S.1A

46 F-7: Characteristics of Standard Wood Door Finishing Systems The chemical and wear resistance characteristics of the six (6) standard door finishing systems were evaluated in an ISO 9000 certified laboratory, using ASTM testing criteria. The ratings reflect resistance when exposed to a number of different chemicals and types of abrasion. Finishing System Test Data - The systems tested were evaluated in an ISO 9000 certified laboratory using the following ASTM test criteria: Chemical Resistance Testing - ASTM D (re-approved 1998) Wear Index - Abrasion Resistance Testing - ASTM D Cold Check Resistance - ASTM D Cross Hatch Adhesion - ASTM D Base line data for application prior to testing: A % humidity at degrees Fahrenheit (21-26 degrees Celsius) B - Water borne coatings must be cured in a dehumidified atmosphere and can be assisted with Infrared light and good air movement. Performance indicator numbers on the Standard Wood Door Finishing Systems chart are used, with the following definitions: Chemical Resistance and Wear Index - Abrasion Resistance: 5 - no effect from the test 4 - minimal effect or slight change and little repair required 3 - some effect, noticeable change and the coating will recover with minimal repairs 2 - moderate effect, performance adversely affected and repairs required 1 - poor performance and film failure is imminent and repairs difficult Cross Hatch Adhesion 5 - edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the squares of the lattice is detached 4 - small flakes of the coating are detached at intersections; less then 5% of the area is affected 3 - small flakes of the coating are detached along edges and at intersections of cuts; 5-15% of the area is affected 2 - coating has flaked along the edges and on parts of the squares; 15-35% of the area is affected 1 - coating has flaked along the edges of the cuts in large ribbons and whole square have detached; 35-65% of the area is affected 46 WDMA I.S.1A

47 The ratings found in the following chart indicate overall performance scores to provide the specifier with a guide to select the system that meets the resistance needs of the project. Standard Wood Door Finishing System Ratings These systems represent what are typically available from architectural and commercial door manufacturers. Other systems may be available upon request, subject to individual manufacturers capabilities. Specify system number and chemical description for clarity, i.e., "TR-6 Catalyzed Polyurethane". SYSTEM NAME / NUMBER CHEMICAL / WEAR Pre Catalyzed Lacquer Conversion Varnish Catalyzed Polyurethane Transparent Opaque Transparent Opaque Transparent Opaque TR-2 OP-2 TR-4 OP-4 TR-6 OP-6 Vinegar Lemon Juice Orange Juice Catsup Coffee Olive Oil Boiling Water Cold Water Nail Polish Remover Household Ammonia VM&P Naphtha Isopropyl Alcohol Wine Windex TM Cleaner TM Lysol TM % Sulfuric Acid % Sulfuric Acid % AmmoniumHydroxide Gasoline Murphy's Oil Soap TM Vodka 100 Proof % Detergent % TSP TOTAL Wear Index Cold Check Adhesion SCORE RATING METHOD: 5 = Excellent 4 = Very Good Note - The higher the score, the better chemical and wear resistance of the finishing system. 3 = Good 2 = Fair 1 = Poor WDMA I.S.1A

48 J-1 Job Site Information HOW TO STORE, HANDLE, FINISH, INSTALL AND MAINTAIN WOOD DOORS CARE AND INSTALLATION AT JOB SITE To preserve the fine qualities of wood doors and a lifetime of superior service, proper storage, handling, finishing and installation is very important. The following guidelines will help to maintain the high quality products supplied by wood door manufacturers. STORAGE AND HANDLING 1. Store doors flat on a level surface in a dry, well-ventilated building. Doors should not come in contact with water. Doors should be kept at least 4 in. (102 mm) off the floor and should have protective coverings under the bottom door and over the top. Covering should protect doors from dirt, water and abuse but allow for air circulation under and around the stack. 2. Avoid exposure of interior doors to direct sunlight. Certain species (e.g., cherry, mahogany, walnut, teak) in an unfinished state are more susceptible to discoloration if exposed to sunlight or some forms of artificial light. To protect doors from light damage after delivery, opaque wrapping of individual doors may be specified. 3. Do not subject interior doors to extremes of heat and/or humidity. Do not allow doors to come in contact with water. Prolonged exposure may cause damage. Building where humidity and temperature are controlled provide the best storage facilities (recommended conditions 25%-55% RH and 50 F-90 F (10 C to 32 C). 4. Do not install doors in buildings that have wet plaster or cement. Do not store doors in buildings with excessive moisture content HVAC systems should be operating and balanced. 5. Doors should always be handled with clean dry hands or while wearing clean dry gloves. 6. Doors should be lifted and carried when being moved, not dragged across one another. FINISHING 1. Wood is hygroscopic and dimensionally influenced by changes in moisture content caused by changes within its surrounding environment. To assure uniform moisture exposure and dimensional control, all surfaces must be finished equally. 2. Doors should not be considered ready for finishing when initially received. Before finishing, remove all handling marks, raised grain, scuffs, burnishes and other undesirable blemishes by block sanding all surfaces in a horizontal position with 120, 150 or 180 grit sandpaper. Solid core flush doors, due to their weight, naturally compress the face veneer grain while in the stack. Therefore, sanding of the overall surface will be required to open the veneer grain to receive a field applied finish evenly. To avoid cross grain scratches, sand with the grain. 3. Certain species of wood, particularly oak, may contain extractives which react unfavorably with foreign materials in the finishing system. Do not use steel wool on bare wood, rusty containers or any other contaminate in the finishing system. 4. A thinned coat of sanding sealer should be applied prior to staining to promote a uniform appearance and avoid sharp contrasts in color or a blotchy appearance. Door manufacturers are not responsible for the final appearance of field-finished doors. It is expected that the painting contractor will make adjustments as needed to achieve desired results. 5. All exposed, unfinished wood surfaces should be finished and the top and bottom rails sealed. Cutouts for hardware in exterior doors and doors located adjacent to areas where high moisture is expected, should be sealed prior to installation of hardware. 6. Dark colored finishes should be avoided on all surfaces if the door is exposed to direct sunlight, in order to reduce the chance of warping or veneer checking. 7. Water-based coatings on unfinished wood may cause veneer splits, highlight joints and raise wood grain. If used on exterior doors, the coating should be an exterior grade product. When installed in exterior applications, doors must be properly sealed and adequately protected from the elements. Please follow the finish and door manufacturer s recommendations regarding the correct application and use of these products. 8. Be sure the door surface being finished is satisfactory in both smoothness and color after each coat. Allow adequate drying time between coats. Desired results are best achieved by following the finish manufacturer s recommendations. Do not finish doors until a sample of the finish has been approved. 48 WDMA I.S.1A

49 9. Certain wood fire doors have fire retardant salts impregnated into various wood components that make the components more hygroscopic than normal wood. When exposed to high moisture conditions, these salts will concentrate on exposed surfaces and interfere with the finish. Before finishing the treated wood, reduce moisture content below 11% and remove the salt crystals with a damp cloth followed by drying and light sanding. INSTALLATION 1. The utility or structural strength of the doors must not be impaired when fitting to the opening, in applying hardware, in preparing for lites, louvers, plant-ons or other detailing. 2. Use two hinges for solid core doors up to 60 in. (1524 mm) in height, three hinges up to 90 in. (2286 mm) in height or portion thereof. Interior hollow core doors weighing less than 50 lbs. (23 kg) and not over 90 in. (2286 mm) in height may be hung on two hinges. Use heavy weight hinges on doors over 175 lbs. (79 kg). Pivot hardware may be used in lieu of hinges. Consult hinge or pivot hardware manufacturer with regard to weight and size of hinges or pivots required. 3. The maximum clearance between the top, hinge edge and lock edge to the frame and meeting edge of pairs of doors, is 1/8 in. (3.2 mm). 4. All hardware locations, preparations and methods of attachment must be appropriate for the specific door construction. Templates for specific hardware preparation are available from hardware manufacturers or their distributors. 5. When lite or louver cutouts are made for exterior doors, they must be protected in order to prevent water from entering the door core. 6. Pilot holes must be drilled for all screws that act as hardware attachments. Full threaded screws are preferable for fastening hardware to non-rated doors and are required on fire-rated doors. Self-tapping or combination wood/metal screws are not to be used on wood doors. 7. In fitting non-rated doors for height, do not trim top or bottom edge by more than 3/4 in. (20 mm) unless accommodated by additional blocking. Trimming of fire-rated doors must be in accordance with NFPA Doors and door frames should be installed plumb, square and level. CLEANING AND TOUCHUP 1. Inspect all wood doors prior to hanging them on the job. Repair noticeable marks or defects that may have occurred from improper storage and handling. 2. Field repairs and touchups are the responsibility of the installing contractor upon completion of initial installation. Field touchup shall include the filling of exposed nail or screw holes, re-finishing of raw surfaces resulting from job fitting, repair of job inflicted scratches and mars and final cleaning of finished surfaces. 3. When cleaning door surfaces, use a non-abrasive commercial cleaner designed for cleaning wood door or paneling surfaces, that does not leave a film residue that would build up or affect the surface gloss of the door finish. ADJUSTMENT AND MAINTENANCE 1. Insure that all doors swing freely and do not bind in their frame. Adjust the finish hardware for proper alignment, smooth operation and proper latching without unnecessary force or excessive clearance. 2. Review with the owner/owner s representative how to periodically inspect all doors for wear, damage and natural deterioration. 3. Review with the owner/owner s representative how to periodically inspect and adjust all hardware to insure that it continues to function as it was originally intended. 4. Finishes on exterior doors may deteriorate due to exposure to the environment. In order to protect the door it is recommended that the condition of the exterior finish be inspected at least once a year and re-finished as needed. Both exterior and interior finishes will change color over time East Touhy Avenue Suite 470 Des Plaines, IL Phone: Fax: WDMA I.S.1A