Green Woodwork. Mike Abbott. Workin~ with ;wood the natural way. Guild of Master Craftsman Publications. with a foreword by Richard La Trobe Bateman

Transcription

1 Green Woodwork Workin~ with ;wood the natural way Mike Abbott with a foreword by Richard La Trobe Bateman Guild of Master Craftsman Publications

2 Contents 1 Introduction 9 2 Why Work Wood Green? 15 3 Types of Tree 25 4 The Raw Material 34 5 Tools and Tool Care 40 6 Making a Pole-lathe; Introduction to its Use 54 7 Making Use of Round Wood 69 8 The Shaving-horse 76 9 Making Tool Handles Simple Pole-lathe Projects Chair Joints Steam-bending and Other Chair-making Jigs Post-and-rung'Stool and Chair Slab-and-stick Seating Windsor Chairs Bowls and Platters Fences, Rakes and Other Projects 183 Appendix Appendix Index 204 v

3 Index adze 158, Fig handles Fig. 9.1 alder 32, Fig wood 32, 34 apple 33 arm chairs 143 ash 17, 25-6, Fig. 3.1 axe handles 92, Fig. 9.8 bending 23, 38, 117, 122, 169 black ash 36 burnishing 125 chair legs 26, 146 chisel handles 95-7 froes 89 growth rings 26,38,89 hurdles 187 mallets 94 maul handles 72, 92 moisture content 18,19 olive ash 26, 36 pole-lathes 56 stools 125 tent-pegs 183 wood 26, 34 axes 42-4,49, Figs. 5.5, 5.8, 5.9, 9.8 grinding 52 handles 92-4, Figs. 9.8, 9.10 see also cleaving axes; felling axes; hewing axes; turner's axes, Figs. 10.3, 10.4 bark chair seats 30,38, 130-3, 142, Figs baseball bats 103 beech 17, 26, Fig. 3.2 bending 23, 117, 169 chairs 26, 145, 146 chisel handles 95 chopping blocks 71 kitchen utensils 97, 103 Iow-bench 115 moisture content 18 pole-lathes 56 wood 26, 34 beeswax 130 beetles 94-5 bench stones 48,49,51 bending 32,117, jigs 36,119-23,169, Figs besoms 191-2, Figs , billets 89-91, Figs. 9.4, 9.6 birch 31,34, Fig besoms 191 chair legs 146 kitchen utensils 97 wood 31 bits 47-8,49,52,112 bodging see chair-bodging Bodhran tappers 103 boring machines 112, Fig bow back chairs 23,105,115,119, 154-5, , Figs. 11.1, 15.1, bending , Figs , spindles 171-3, Figs , splat 156 yew 32, 122, 169 bow jig and strap 115,121-3,171, Figs bow saws 41-2,49, Fig. 5.2 bowls , Figs carved 181 natural-edged 20, 180, Fig , Fig box 18,33 chisel handles 95 braces 47,49, Fig British Trust for Conservation Volunteers 35 burnishers 49, 160, Fig. 5.1 cabinet scrapers 44,49, 160, Fig. 5.1 candlesticks 98, Fig chain saws 42 chair-bodging 9,22,26 bodgers 22,47, Fig centring up 90-1 turner's axe 43 chairs 20-1,23, Figs. 1.3, 11.1 equipment 115 wood 26 see also bow back; comb back; ladderback; spindle back; stools; wheel back; Windsor chairs chamfering Fig. 7.6 cherry 30-1,34, Fig. 3.9 bending 169 bowls 177, 180 burnishing 125 chairs 145, 146 wood 36 chisels 47,49,52, Figs. 5.11, 5.14, 9.1 handles 95-6, Figs. 9.12, 9.14 working 67-8, Figs. 6.25, 6.28 chopping-blocks 71 clamps 48 cleaving 22, 38, 77-8, Figs. 2.10, 8.2, 8.3,8.6,9.2,9.9 tools 42-4,50, Figs cleaving axes 42,49,77,93, Figs. 5.5, 9.1,9.8. cleaving-break 74, 78, Fig. 7.4 comb-back chairs 115, , 154, Figs. 11.1, 15.1, seat , Figs spindles 156-7, 167-8, Figs. 15.3, 15.4 stiles 156, 167-8, Figs , stretchers 155, Fig comb formers 120, Fig

4 Green Woodwork comb jigs 120, Figs. 12.4, 12.6 common ash see ash cricket stumps and balls 103 cupping 20, Fig. 2.7 cypress 17 dovetail saws Fig. 5.2 drawknife 44, Fig handles 96, Fig drilling post 75,115,116, Figs. 7.10, 13.7 drilling tools 47-8,111-12, Fig drumsticks 103 Dutch Elm disease 29, 36 egg-cups 174, Fig elm 29-30,34, Fig. 3.7 bark 130 bending 23,117 chopping-blocks 71 grain 37, 145, 149 Iow-bench 115 maul heads 72 moisture content 18 planks 30, 36, 145 Windsor chairs, 30, 36 wood 30,36 English oak see oak evergreen oak 18 felling 69-70, Figs. 7.2, 7.3 felling axes 44,49,70, Figs. 5.5, 9.1 handles 93, Fig. 9.8 fencing 186-7, Figs. 17.7, 17.8 ferrules 95-6, Fig field maple 33 files 48,49, Fig. 5.1 fir 17 first aid kit 49 foot massagers 103 Forestry Commission 35 frame stools 105, 115, , Figs. 11.1, posts 125, Fig rungs , Fig seats 130-5, Figs froes 43,49,78,84,185, Figs. 5.5, 5.7, ,9.1 handles G-cramps 48,49, Fig. 5.1 gate hurdles 187-9, Fig gimlets 46,49, Fig Girling, Paul Fig. 1.7 glues 111 gluts 42, 71-2, Figs. ~. 6, 7.5 goblets 174 gouges 46-7,49, Figs. 5.11, 16.9 honing 51-2, Figs. 5.15, 5.16 working 66, Figs. 6.23, 6.26, 6.27 grain 37, 106, 108, 126, 145, 149, 174-5, Figs 4.1,11.2,11.5,13.5, green wood 23, 36 green woodwork 9, 11 grinding 51-2 grindstones 48, 49 gripping tools 48 growth rate 38 growth rings 17 ash 26,38,89 hammers 48,49, Fig. 5.1 hawthorn 33 maul handles 72 hay rakes 192-8, Figs hazel 17, 33 maul handles 72 wattle hurdles 189 hewing axes 44, Fig. 5.5 handles 93, Fig. 9.8 hitting 48 hammers 49 I holly 17, 18, 33 honing 51-2, Figs hornbeam 33 horse chestnut 33 humidity 107 hurdles , Figs. 17.9, joints , Figs kitchen utensils 97,100, 103 knives 44,49, Fig grinding 52, Fig knots 22-3, 37-8, Figs 2.12,4.2 lace bobbins 103 ladder rungs 23 ladderback chairs 105 lamination 119 larch 18 laths 185-6, Fig leg patterns 147-8, Figs. 14.4, 14.5 light pulls 103 lime 32 bark 131 linseed oil 130 Living Wood Training 9, Figs 1.1,1.2 logs Fig. 4.3 cleaving 77-80, Figs storage 38-9, Fig. 4.3 Iow-bench mallets 94-5, Fig. 9.1 mandrels 177, , 181, Figs. 16.7, mauls 72-5, Figs handles 72,92, Fig. 7.7 heads 72-3 measuring gauge 63, Fig measuring tools 41,49, Fig. 5.1 moisture content 18, 108, 145 moisture meters 108 mortise and tenon joints 105-9, ,126-8, Figs. 11.2, 11.6, National Trust 35 oak 17,27-8,34, Figs. 2.2, 3.4 bending 117, 169 chair legs 146 fencing 186 hurdles 187 laths 186 shingles 184 wedges 73, 91, Fig. 7.8 wood 28, 34 oak swill baskets 28,36, Fig. 3.5 oilstones 48,51, Fig. 5.1 panel saws 42,49, Fig. 5.2 pear 33 pine 17 pins and wedges , Fig pit saws 144, Fig plane 33 Iow-bench 115 platters 182 planks cupping 20, Fig. 2.7 growth 22-3, Figs. 2.11, 2.12 storage 39, Fig. 4.4 plant dibbers 103 platters 181-2, Fig pole-lathe 9, 13,24,54-61, Figs. 6.1, 6.11 A-frames 56-7, Fig. 6.2 bowl turning , Fig compared to electric lathe

5 Index cord 60 crank 59, Fig. 6.8 materials 56 poppets 58, Figs real pole 61-3, Figs rules of working 63-5, Figs seasoned wood 36 tool rest 58-9, Fig. 6.7 tools 47 treadles 59-60, Figs. 6.9, 6.10 poplar 33 shaving-horse 79 poppets 58, Figs post-and-rung joints 105,106,125, Figs. 11.5, 13.2 stools and chairs , Figs post jig 110,115,120-1, Fig posts 125, 136-7, Figs. 13.2, protractors 41, 49, Fig. 5.1 quarter-sawing 20, Fig. 2.8 radial cracks 20, 38, Fig. 2.6 rocking chairs 143 rolling pins 97-8, Fig roofing shingles 184-5, Fig rounding planes 112, Fig rules 41,49, Fig. 5.1 rungs 126, 136, Fig rush seating 133, 135, Figs , safety 23 first-aid kit 49 sawing logs Figs. 7.11, 7.12 quarter-sawn 20, Fig. 2.8 saws 41-2,49, Fig scooping planes 150,159, Fig scrapers 44, 49, Fig. 5.1 sea-grass 133,142, Fig , 13.23, seasoned wood 18-24, 36 advantages of using costs of 21 improved seasoning 21, Fig. 2.9 moisture content 18 oval shrinkage 21, Fig. 2.9 rates of shrinkage 18-20, 105-6, Figs , 11.2 strength 22-3 seats bark 30,38, 130-3, 142, Figs frame stools 130-5, Figs rush 133, 135, Figs , spindle-back chairs 142-3, Fig Windsor stools , Figs. 14.8, 14.9 sharpening tools 48,49, 51-3 grinding 51, Fig honing 51, Figs shaving tools 44,49, Fig shaving-horse 9,24,79-87, Fig. 8.1 body 79-83, Figs drilling holes 82-3, Figs frame 84-7, Figs pivot pin 65 wedge and platform 36, 87, Fig wood needed 79 shingles 184-5, Fig shrinkage 18-20, 105-6, Figs , 11.2 side-axe 43, Fig. 5.8 silver birch see birch skittles 103 slab-and-stick seating 105 slate stones 49 sledgehammers 72 sliding bevel 41, 49, Fig. 5.1 slipstones 48, 49, Fig. 5.1 spatulas 103, Fig spindle-back chairs 105, , Figs. 11.1, posts 136-7, Figs rungs 136 seats 142-3, Fig spindles 136" spindle turning 174 rules of turning 63-5, Figs tools 46 spindles 136, 156-7,167-8,171-3, Figs , spirit levels 41,49, Fig. 5.1 spirtle sticks 103 splats 156 spokeshave 44, 160, Figs. 5.10, spoons , Figs carving turning 102-3, Fig. 1.8 spruce 17 stail-engine 198 steam-bending 32, 117 steam-chest 118, Fig steamer 105, 115, 118, Fig stiles 156,167-8, Figs , stock knife 183-4, Fig stools 105, equipment 115 frame stools 105,115, , Figs. 11.1, Windsor 105, 115, , Figs. 11.1, 14.3, storage logs 38-9 planks 39, Fig. 4.4 stretchers 105, 108, 148, 155, Figs. 11.8, 14.6, 15.2, sweet chestnut 17,25,29, Fig. 3.6 burnishing 125 chair legs 146 fencing 186, 187, Fig hurdles 187 laths 186 roofing shingles 184 stools 125 tent-pegs 183 wood 29 swill baskets 28, 36, 91, 117, Fig. 3.5 sycamore 17,18,25,27,39, Fig. 3.3 bow bench 115, Fig chairs 145, 146 kitchen utensils 27, 97, 100, 103 low-bench 115 wood 27, 34.enon saws 42 tent pegs 23,183, Fig tines cutters 193,195 splitting 194, Figs tool crates 53, Fig tool handles project Toolmail50 tools 40-53, 49, Fig. 5.1 cleaving and trimming 43-5, Fig. 5.5 drilling 47-8, Fig gripping 48 hitting 48 measuring 41, Fig. 5.1 sawing 41-2, Fig. 5.2 shaving 44, Fig sharpening 48 turning 46-7, Fig treadles 59-60, Figs. 6.9, 6.10 treen 20 trees see also wood trimming tools 43-4,49, Figs. 5.8, 5.9 turner's axes 43-4,94, Figs. 5.5, 9.10 turning rules of turning 63-5, Figs tools 44,46-7,49,51, Fig turning saws 42, 115, , Fig twybii188-9, Fig waterstones 48,51, Fig. 5.1 wattle hurdles , Figs

6 Green Woodwork weaving chair seats bark 130-3, Figs rush 133, 135, Figs wedges 42,49, 73,87,91, 110, Figs. 5.5, 5.6,7.8,8.25,9.7 see also gluts wheel back chairs 105 wild cherry see cherry willow 32 laths 186 hurdles 187,189 shaving-horse 79 Windsor chairs 105,154 elm 30,36 legs 105, 146-8, 161-6, Figs , , 15.23, 15.24, mortise joints 105, planks 36, 39 post-and-rung 105 seats 105, 144-5, , Figs slab-and-stick 105 spindles 156-7, Figs. 15.3, 15.4 stretchers 105, 108, 155, Figs. 11.8, 15.2, tenon joints 105, use of woods yew 25,32 Windsor stools 36,105,115,146-53, Figs. 11.1, 14.3, legs 146-8, Figs seats , Figs. 14.8, 14.9 stretchers 148, Fig wood cleaving logs 77-80, Figs cut lengths 38 fibres heartw,ood and sapwood 17 properties seasoning shrinkage 18-20, 105-6, Figs , 11.2 sources 34-5 storage 38-9 see also seasoned wood woodlands 34-5 management 21-2 Woodland Trust 35 work-break 74-5, Figs wych elm 30,34, Fig. 3.8 bark 131 bending 169 mauls 72 yew 17,32 bending 23,122, 169, Fig in Windsor chairs 25, 32 mauls 72 wood