AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY MDP 024 Freshman Students Group (3)

1 AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Credit hours System PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY MDP 024 Freshman Students Group (3) Report On: (1) Carpentry النجارة Student Name: ID. Submitted to Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad

2 Objective The objective of this report is to study the wood working process to understand wood properties, types, hand tools and machines. By the end of this report, the student must be able to do the following: State the most important types of wood and explain the properties and usage of them. Know the different types of wood classification; Natural and artificial Soft and hard. Identify the hand tools employed in woodworking process. Identify the machines, their function and their main construction parts. Understanding the correct sequence of using these machines. Understand the different types used in joining wood parts and their usage's. Report Content: Part A: Properties and classification of wood. Part B: Woodworking hand tools. Part C: Different machines commonly used in woodworking operation. Part D: Basic types of woodworking joints and their application. MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 1-

During the growing season, a tree increases its girth by producing new cells in the cambium layer.

This difference shows up as the annual rings at the end of a sawn log.

3 Wood Trees are living structures. They grow by producing hollow tube like cells composed mainly of cellulose. During the growing season, a tree increases its girth by producing new cells in the cambium layer. In some tress, the cells produced in spring and summer are quit different in diameter. This difference shows up as the annual rings at the end of a sawn log. A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually for the worse, but may be exploited for visual effect. MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 2-

1. Strength of Wood The tensile strength of wood is in

The compressive strength of wood is much lower.

4 1. Strength of Wood The tensile strength of wood is in general fairly high. Some woods have a tensile strength greater than that of mile steel (with the same weight). The compressive strength of wood is much lower. Wood is also very weak in both tension and compression across the grain. MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 3-

5 2. Measuring and Marking out Tools - Below gives you a simple outline to help you understand effective marking aids in our carpentry tool list. 1 Marking Knife - 2 Stanley knife - 3 Retractable Tape - 4 Steel Rule - 5 Combination Square - 6 Marking Gauge - 7 Spirit Level Marking Knife The knife more accurate than the pencil, it has a fine tip and will cut through the fibers of the wood allowing saw or chisel to produce a finer finish. Stanley knife It is a robust versatile knife, allows you to use on most jobs, a sort of all in one knife. Retractable Tape Most tapes have a locking device, stopping the tape to retract at its own free will. Steel rule MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 4-

6 They are very accurate and the graduation line starts at one end of the rule, this allows it to be pushed in to tight corners. Combination Square They accurately mark out right angles and bevels; it can also double up as a try square for measuring internal angles. Marking Gauge These are used for marking a depth on wood. You can make scoured lines parallel to a edge timber. Spirit Levels You use them when fitting furniture, stud walls or anything that you need to be level. They are set up so when the bubble is evenly between the two level marks. Saws - Following is the guide to the right saw selection. Hand Saw is used to cut across the grain. Rip Saw are designed to cut timber along the grain. MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 5-

1 - Steel Handled Claw Hammer 2 - Beach Mallet 3 - Wooden Handled Claw Hammer 4 -

7 - Planes Planes have a single purpose; all they do is smooth wood. - Hammers and Mallets A hammer is used to tap in picture hooks. 1 - Steel Handled Claw Hammer 2 - Beach Mallet 3 - Wooden Handled Claw Hammer 4 - Ball-Pein Hammer 5 - Pin Hammer 6 - Cross-Pein (Warrington) Hammer MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 6-

Cross Pen Hammer These hammers are designed to allow hitting nails in to awkward places. The handles are made from timber to absorb the shock.

8 Wooden Mallets are best used with chisels. Rubber mallets is used for tapping joints inn to place as they do not mark the wood. Pin Hammer The pin hammer is use for light work. The handles are made from timber. Cross Pen Hammer These hammers are designed to allow hitting nails in to awkward places. The handles are made from timber to absorb the shock. - Chisels Chisels allow wood to be chopped out from being hit with your mallet. - Screwdrivers Generally all screwdrivers are made with hardened metal shaft, a special tip for fitting in to screws and a handle for turning. MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 7-

- Tools for Holding When you work with timber, it needs to be secured,

9 - Drills Hand drill are still used today but now are usually replaced by the electric or the cordless drill. - Tools for Holding When you work with timber, it needs to be secured, whether it s being worked or glued so good clamps and vices are essential. MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 8-

10 Wood Working Operations and Machines Sawing: Nearly every woodwork job begins with sawing. After sawing, some timbers are ready for assembly into finished products. Most however, are passed on for further processing on other machines. There are two types of sawing. Circular sawing which are used for cross cutting. Band saw which are used for through and cross cutting مكنة منشار الشريط -1 Band Saw MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 9-

Planning: Planning is the process which most often follows sawing. Planning reduces the wood to exact dimensions leaving it flat and smooth surface.

11 Planning: Planning is the process which most often follows sawing. Planning reduces the wood to exact dimensions leaving it flat and smooth surface. Surface planers are used to prepare the face side and face edge of the woodwork job. مكنة الرابوة -2 Planer This machine is used to create a flat and smooth surface. MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 10-

12 Thickness Thickness machine follows planning machine. It can be used to plane the timber to an exact thickness. مكنة التخانة 3- Thickness Machine To adjust the thickness of wood MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 11-

13 Moulding Moulding machine are used to produce timber called moulding. a wide range of form مكنة الحلیة 4- Moulding Machine To create round or form edges مخرطة الاخشاب 5- Wood Lathe To create round parts MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 12-

14 Exercise خواص الاخشابWood Properties of Briefly describe the structure of wood? MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 13-

15 Differentiate between each of the following wood type using examples? Natural Artifial Properties Examples Properties Examples Soft Wood Hard Wood Properties Examples Properties Examples MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 14-

16 الادوات Tools Identify each of the following hand tools used in carpentry? MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 15-

17 المكنات Machines Following are five machines commonly used in wood working. You are asked to : State the name of each machine. Mention the function of each of them Identify the main parts of each of these machine. MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 16-

18 Machine Name اسم المكنه Part Name Lower Wheel Base Column Upper Wheel Guide Band Table No Function Function of the machine: MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 17-

19 Machine Name اسم المكنه Part Name Bed Face Plate Center Spur Center Tool Rest No Function Function of the machine: MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 18-

20 Machine Name اسم المكنه Part Name Table Hammer Table roller Table lifting Handwheel Machine Name No Function اسم المكنه MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 19-

21 Part Name Body Hand Cutter Shaft Front Table Back Table Guide No Function Function of the machine: MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 20-

22 Machine Name اسم المكنه Part Name Table Cutter Spindle Adjustable Fence Hand Wheel No Function Function of the machine: MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 21-

23 أنواع الوصلات Joints MDP Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Awad - 22-

ESL - DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY / TECHNICS HANDTOOL IDENTIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY

ESL - DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY / TECHNICS HANDTOOL IDENTIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY One of the biggest difficulties in teaching ESL students practical skills is the lack of exposure to related technology and