Lecture #1 INTRODUCTION

Transcription

1 Lecture #1 INTRODUCTION I. HUMAN HISTORY: THE BIG PICTURE II. NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY. A. SCIENCE VS. TECHNOLOGY. B. IDENTIFYING TECHNOLOGY. C. DEFINITION OF TECHNOLOGY. III. A CYCLE OF TECHNOLOGY.

2 Lecture #2 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1500 TO 1850 I. THE PROBLEM OF LOW DEMAND IN MIDDLE AGES. A. THE MANORS AND LAND-BASED WEALTH. B. A SOLUTION THE GUILD SYSTEM, 1000 to II. THE PROBLEM OF RISING DEMAND. A. GUILDS ADJUST, B. THE COMMERICAL REVOLUTION, C. A SOLUTION COTTAGE INDUSTRIES, D. ANOTHER SOLUTION FACTORIES. III. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, B. THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM.

3 Lecture #3 A MACHINE REVOLUTION I. PROBLEM INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM. II. A SOLUTION MORE EFFICIENT ORGANIZATION. A. THE FACTORY SYSTEM. B. RICHARD ARKWRIGHT ( ). II. ANOTHER SOLUTION MACHINES. A. THE SPINNING JENNY, B. THE WATER FRAME/MULE, C. THE JACQUARD LOOM, III. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. EFFECTS ON LABOR- THE COTTON GIN, B. DEMAND FOR POWER.

4 Lecture #4 AN ENERGY EVOLUTION I. PROBLEM ENERGY SHORTAGE. A. POWER PLANTS. B. A CRISIS IN THE 17TH CENTURY. II. SOLUTIONS NEW AND OLD POWER PLANTS. A. LONG WALL EXTRACTION. B. THE STEAM ENGINE, II. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. THE ENGLISH CANAL SYSTEM. B. RAIL ROADS.

5 Lecture #5 THE AGE OF STEEL I. PROBLEMS OF IRON WORKING. A. WROUGHT IRON. B. MORE HEAT CAST OR PIG IRON. C. OVERWHELMING COST OF CHARCOAL. D. THE INVENTION OF COKE. II. THE GOLDILOCKS METAL STEEL. A. CEMENTATION, 1700s. B. BESSEMER PROCESS, C. OPEN-HEARTH, III. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. THE AGE OF IRON AND STEEL. B. THE IRON HORROR.

6 Lecture #6 ALTERNATIVE FUELS OF THE 19TH CENTURY I. THE NEED FOR LIGHT. A. INADEQUENCY OF WOOD. B. COAL OIL. II. ALTERNATIVE FUEL WHALE OIL. A. MINING THE WHALE. B. DIFFICULTIES. III. ALTERNATIVE FUEL KEROSENE. A. THE NOBELS AND PETROLEUM. B. THE BY-PRODUCT OF KEROSENE.

7 Lecture #7 PROBLEMS OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: LONDON AS AN EXAMPLE I. PROBLEM SEWAGE AND EPIDEMIC. A. CHOLERA, SEWAGE AND THE BIG STINK. B. SOLUTION PUBLIC HYGEINE. II. PROBLEM CONFLICT AND CRIME. A. TRADITIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT. B. SOLUTION - THE METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE. III. PROBLEM FIRE. A. LONDON BURNS, B. SOLUTION FIRE INSURANCE AND FIRE BRIGADES.

8 Lecture #8 THE PATENT I. THE PROBLEM. A. THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION. B. CONCEPTS OF PROPERTY AND PROFIT. C. THE SPEED OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER. II. THE PATENT PROCESS. A. THE PATENT AS A SOLUTION. B. PATENT VS. COPYRIGHT. III. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. WHO S FIRST? B. OTHER PROBLEMS.

9 Lecture #9 HORSELESS CARRIAGES I. CARRIAGES WITHOUT HORSES AND RAILS. A. EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. B. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ICE). C. NIKOLAUS OTTO ( ). II. THE COST. A. AF- FORD -ABLE CARS. B. WAITING IN ASSEMBLY LINES. III. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. MORE NEEDS IN ORDER TO SPEED. B. GETTING THE LEAD OUT.

10 I. THE PROBLEM. Lecture #10 GROWING FOOD FROM AIR A. URBANIZATION. B. THOMAS MALTHUS ( ). C. SO WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? II. BIRDS AND GERMS. A. THE GUANO TRADE. B. A GERM OF AN IDEA. C. THE HABER-BOSCH PROCESS. III. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. FOOD ADDICTION. B. FOSSIL FUEL ADDICTION.

11 Lecture #11 PRESERVING FOOD: CANNING AND REFRIGERATION I. PROBLEMS. A. LOCAL FOODS. B. DISEASE. II. SOLUTIONS. A. CANNING. B. MORE ICE THE TRANSATLANTIC ICE TRADE. C. MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION. III. GLOBAL SIDE-EFFECTS. A. CHLOROFLUORALCARBONS (CFCs). B. HYDROFLUORALCARBONS (HFCs).

12 I. THE MEDICAL ART. Lecture #12 WINE, GERMS, AND THE FLU A. THE FOUR HUMOURS AND MIASMA. B. A FAILED TECHNOLOGY? C. THE TRUE PROBLEM. II. THE GERM THEORY. A. LOUIS PASTEUR ( ) AND WINE. B. VACCINES. C. IGNAZ SIMMELWEIS ( ). D. ANTISEPTICS. III. A TITANIC EPIDEMIC, 1918.

13 Lecture #13 TEXT MESSAGING, OLD STYLE I. PROBLEMS OF COMMUNICATION. II. LONG DISTANCE WRITING TELEGRAPH. A. CHARLES WHEATSTONE AND WILLIAM COOKE. B. SAMUEL MORSE ( ). C D. FURTHER TECHNOLOGY. III. LONG DISTANCE TALKING TELEPHONE. A. ELISHA GRAY ( ). B. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL ( ). C. MAKING A CALL.

14 Lecture #14 WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY I. PROBLEMS. A. COMMUNCATION AT SEA. B. SEEING FAR AWAY. II. THE RADIO. A. GUGLIELMO MARCONI ( ). B. NIKOLA TESLA ( ). C. CLASH OF THE RADIO TITANS. II. RADIO DETECTION AND RANGING. A. THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN. B. A BLAST FROM THE PAST.

15 Lecture #15 UP, UP, AND AWAY: THE TECHNOLOGY OF FLYING I. LIGHTER THAN AIR BALLOONING. A. HOT AIR AND THE MONTGOLIFIER BROTHERS. B. HYDROGEN AND JACQUES CHARLES, II. STEERABLE LIGHT THAN AIR DIRIGIBLES. A. FERDINAND VON ZEPPELIN, B. WORLD WAR I, III. HEAVIER THAN AIR FLIGHT. A. THE WRIGHT BROTHERS. B. CHARLES LINDBERGH,

16 Lecture #16 MODERN FIREARMS: THE PRELUDE TO WORLD WAR I. THE DISCIPLINED ARMY OF A. THE MUSKET. B. CAVALRY. C. ARTILLERY. II. EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM AND THE INDIAN WARS. III. SOLUTIONS. A. THE RIFLED MUSKET. B. THE CARTRIDGE. C. THE BREACH-LOADING RIFLE. D. THE MACHINE GUN. IV. THE BATTLEFIELD OF A. IMPERIALISM. B. THE EVE OF WORLD WAR I.

17 Lecture #17 TECHNOLOGY AND WORLD WAR I I. THE PROBLEM THE MEATGRINDER. A. INDUSTRIAL FIREPOWER. B. TRENCH WARFARE. II. ATTEMPTS TO BREAK THE STALEMATE. A. TANKS. B. POISON GAS. III. LESSONS LEARNED. A. FRANCE AND THE MAGINOT LINE. B. GERMANY AND THE BLITZKRIEG.

18 Lecture #18 PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE 20 TH CENTURY I. PUBLIC HEALTH. A. SUCCESSES IN THE EARLY CENTURY. B. SIDE-EFFECT- POLIO EPIDEMICS. C. JONAS SALK ( ) AND ALBERT SABIN ( ). II. THE ANCIENT KILLER SEPSIS. A. WW I AND THE FAILURE OF ANTICEPTICS. B. ALEXANDER FLEMING ( ). C. THE FAILURE OF PENICILLIN. D. THE OTHER ANTIBIOTIC SULFONAMIDES. III. REDISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN. A. ERNST CHAIN ( ) AND HOWARD FLOREY ( ). B. COCONUT GROVE FIRE, 11/18/1942. IV. FLEMING S UNDERSTANDING OF SIDE-EFFECTS.

19 Lecture #19 THE ATOMIC BOMB AND THE COLD WAR ARMSRACE 1945 TO 1991 I. THE ATOMIC BOMB A SOLUTION? A. POLITICAL PROBLEMS. B. TECHNOLOGY PROBLEMS. II. THE ARMSRACE DELIVERING THE BOMB. A. LONG-RANGE BOMBERS. B. INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES. C. SUBMARINES. D. CRUISE MISSILES. E. ARTILLERY AND BACKPACK BOMBS.

20 Lecture #20 THE SPACE RACE 1957 to 1980 I. A METAL BALL THAT WENT BEEP! A. THE RACE. B. OCTOBER 4, C. SIDE-EFFECTS. II. THE SPACE RACE BEGINS. A. FIRSTS. B. DIFFICULTIES. C. THE MOON AND BEYOND.

21 Lecture #21 ENIAC AND DIGITAL COMPUTERS I. THE ANCIENT COMPUTERS. A. THE ASTROLABE. B. THE HUMAN COMPUTER. C. BLAISE PASCAL ( ). D. GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ ( ). II. COMPUTERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL AGE. A. CHARLES BABBAGE ( ). B. THE 1890 U. S. CENSUS. III. THE DIGITAL ELECTRONIC COMPUTER. A. THE ATANASOFF-BERRY COMPUTER. B. THE NEEDS OF WAR. IV. THE ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER (ENIAC). A. JOHN MAUCHLY AND J. PRESPER ECKERT. B. DEVELOPMENT, C. LEGAL BATTLES.

22 Lecture #22 INVENTING THE INTERNET: PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION SHARING I. THE SOFTWARE, A. ARPANET, B. USENET, C. GOPHERS, D. MOSAIC, II. PUSHING THE LIMITS OF HARDWARE, B. MODEMS AND SPEED. C. INFORMATION EXPLOSION. III. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. DOT.COM BUBBLE, LATE 1990s. B. ISSUES OF INSTANT COMMUNICATION. C. SOCIAL NETWORKING.

23 I. NATURE OF PLASTICS. Lecture #23 THE AGE OF PLASTICS A. SYNTHETIC POLYMERS. B. THE FIRST- CELLULOID AND BAKELITE. II. FURTHER EXAMPLES. A. NEOPRENE AND NYLON. B. POLYSTYRENE. C. POLYESTER. D. VINYL/POLYVINYL CHLORIDE. III. SIDE-EFFECTS. A. MUSIC REVOLUTION. B. AN OCEANIC DISASTER.

24 Lecture #24 MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND TUVALU QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO. 1) WHAT ARE THE KEY PROBLEMS OF TUVALU? 2) HOW HAVE TUVALUANS USED MODERN TECHNOLOGY TO ADDRESS THESE PROBLEMS? 3) HOW ARE SOME OF TUVALU S PROBLEMS A RESULT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY USED IN AND OUTSIDE OF THE ISLAND NATION? KEY TERMS TO LISTEN FOR: DOT.TV GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE