The Industrial Revolution

Transcription

1 The Industrial Revolution Grade Level: 4 6 Teacher Guidelines pages 1 2 Instructional Pages pages 3 8 Activity Page page 9 Practice Pages page Answer Key pages 12 13

2 Classroom Procedure: 1. Ask: How many of you have ever made a tool, your own clothing, soap, or other products that you use each day in your home? What changes in your life would you have to make if you had to start making your own clothing, soap, TVs, and other products? 2. Allow for responses and discussion. Responses should include life would be harder, less free time, staying home more often, etc. Lead the discussion to the opposite of what happened during the Industrial Revolution. 3. Distribute The Industrial Revolution content pages. Read and review with students, emphasizing the reasons for the Industrial Revolution, what prompted it, how it changed people s lives, and the many new inventions and discoveries. 4. Save the question, What invention during the Industrial Revolution are you most thankful? for the closing of the lesson. 5. Distribute the Activity sheet and the supplies. You may decide to allow access to the Internet or other resources for students to choose three other years on the timeline, as well as gathering more information for the assigned years. (All given years are in the content pages.) 6. Once completed, display the timelines in the classroom or other prominent area. 7. Stress to students to create a catchy title. 8. Distribute the practice page either for in-class work or homework. Remind students to think through each of the discoveries and not just list what may have been given in the content. 9. Tell students to put themselves in the shoes of people during the Industrial Revolution. (continued) Approximate Grade Level: 4 6 Objectives: The students will be able to list the factors that brought about the Industrial Revolution, including the positive and negative impact it had on America, as well as identify some of the inventions during the time period. Common Core State Standards: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.3 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.5 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.4.3 CSS.ELA-Literacy.W.4.7 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.3 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.3 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.5.7 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6.10 Class Sessions (45 minutes): At least 2 class sessions Teaching Materials/Worksheets: The Industrial Revolution content pages (2), Activity page, Practice page Student Supplies: sheets of paper, scissors, glue, colored pencils, tape, marker, handouts Prepare Ahead of Time: Gather enough sheets of paper, scissors, glue, colored pencils, tape, and markers. You may need to decide how many sheets of paper you will need for the length of the time lines. Allowing about 2-3 inches for each event s description will necessitate about inches. Copy handouts. Additional Resources: (Links) trial-revolution/ (Content, movies, more) (Content summary) (Worksheets) (Misc., games, more) (Content and guides) (Summary of facts) VIDEOS: (2 min.-child labor) (20 min-overview of ) (4 min) (4 min) (28 min) Options for Lesson: Assign each student one invention or new development to further research as a presentation to the class. Invite a person from the community who makes clothing by hand to discuss the difficulty and time it takes, or someone who runs a farm to talk about the responsibilities involved, showing students that nearly all people during the era lived the same way. Assign the Practice page as a homework assignment. Students may work in pairs for the activity. 1

3 Classroom Procedure (continued): 10. Once completed, review the responses with the students. 11. To close the lesson, use one of the videos in the Additional Resources to summarize the Industrial Revolution. 12. Ask students: What invention during the Industrial Revolution are you most thankful? 13. Allow for responses and discussion. Teacher Notes The Industrial Revolution could be taught as a lesson for an entire quarter, but this specific lesson introduces it with the main concepts and causes, plus the positives and negatives related to it, as well as new inventions and discoveries. There are many dates the students may not recall, but it is important for them to at least know the era of the events and invention. There are also some excellent videos as part of the resources, some very short, others longer with more details. 2

4 The Industrial Revolution Did you make the clothes or shoes you are wearing, or were they given to you or purchased from a store? Most likely they were not sewn together at your home, which is what people used to do in the late 1700s in Britain and in the United States. The Industrial Revolution in the United States, though, dramatically changed the way people lived and worked. Manufacturing, once done inside the homes or on the farms of Americans, now moved to factories for mass production. At one time, most people used hand tools or simple machines to make the things they needed for everyday life, from making clothes, furniture and other goods, to growing and producing their own food. The Industrial Revolution from 1820 to 1870 changed the world. It was a change from home production of goods to machines and factory production of goods. An Electrical Fuse Factory in England 3

5 How it Began The birthplace of this revolution took place in Great Britain, where there were many more resources such as coal and iron ore needed to power the machines inside the factories and industrial plants. Great Britain was sending and selling many of their products to the people of the United States. However, this all came to a halt due mostly to the Embargo Act of 1807, which ended the import and export of products from other countries. In addition, the War of 1812, when the U.S. went to war with Great Britain, forced America to seek ways to become more independent and not rely on other countries for the products they needed. The Embargo Act and the war led to the expansion of transportation, the efficient and additional use of electricity, and industrial processes that increased the production of goods in America. The Industrial Revolution brought about many important events, inventors, and inventions. Key Inventions First, you could probably thank Eli Whitney for the clothes you wear, who invented the cotton gin in The cotton gin increased the speed of separating the cotton seeds from the fiber, which was normally done by hand using a spinning wheel. This was especially helpful in the South, who sent the raw cotton to the north, where it was then manufactured or weaved into cloth. Later, the spinning (removing the seeds) and the weaving was joined together into one factory, allowing for lower costs and more efficiency. All of this led to the textile industry throughout the New England states. An Example of a Cotton Gin Then in 1846, Elias Howe invented the sewing machine, which of course allowed for the faster production of clothing, and eventually resulted in most people no longer needing to make their clothing at home. An Antique Sewing Machine The cotton gin invention also helped Eli Whitney come up with the idea to use interchangeable parts, which are standard parts that can be used on different types of machines, and again lowers the cost and increases the efficiency or manufacturing. The first interchangeable part Whitney produced was used for muskets, which was a gun or firearm used by soldiers in that era. 4

6 The Farm Industry Other improvements took place in the farm industry. Better machines were produced such as the reaper in 1831, allowing the harvesting of grain to be faster and cheaper. In addition, John Deere invented the first steel plow in 1837 which helped farmers become faster and more efficient in growing crops. A Steel Plow Due to these improvements in farming, the increase in the number of factories, and production of goods outside the home, people began to move from farmlands into the cities across the country. They no longer needed to grow their own food, raise animals, or produce products at home. A Grain Mill in Leeds, England 5

7 Children Working in a Mill Unfortunately, the large numbers of people moving into the cities brought about new problems. Overcrowding and disease was taking place across many cities in America. There were not enough jobs for the people, poverty was found everywhere, and the cities could not support everyone. The overcrowding led to poor sanitation causing diseases and other health problems, as well as violence stemming from the protests of workers against bosses who were paying very low wages. Some factories were even using child labor, which was finally restricted in the early 1900s. The Machine Works of Richard Hartmann in

8 Communication & Transportation In spite of the problems, other improvements were made in communication and transportation. In 1844, another inventor, Samuel Morse created the telegraph in 1860, which allowed communication from the east coast to the Mississippi. The Cumberland Road became the first national road beginning in 1811, and river transportation also improved through the invention of the first steamboat in 1793 by Robert Fulton. The steamboat needed an engine, though, so inventor James Watt had already built the first reliable steam engine around Another important improvement in transportation was the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, which created a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes helping the economy of New York and making it a center of trade for the country. Finally, a transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah helping increase trade and travel across the United States. The railroad linked the most important Midwest cities with the entire Atlantic coast as well. It became much easier to move material, products, and other supplies between the producers and the consumers. 7

9 Other Inventions The Industrial Revolution inspired many other great inventions during the rest of the 19 th century and well into the 20 th century, including the lightbulb by Thomas Edison in 1878, the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1877, and the automobile by Karl Benz in An Actor Playing Alexander Graham Bell in a Promotional Film The Industrial Revolution is responsible for giving you easier access to the material and goods you use including the food you eat, bus you ride, tennis shoes you wear, the lights in the room, and much, much more. What invention during the Industrial Revolution are you most thankful? 8

10 Activity Name Date Instructions Supplies: sheets of paper, scissors, glue, colored pencils, tape, marker 1. Create a timeline by cutting out each year label. 2. In each of the three blanks, do some research write in a year of an event during the Industrial Revolution not represented by the other years. 3. Tape together separate sheets of paper and draw a line representing the length of time given by the different years. 4. Tape each of the years on the timeline proportionate to each other. For example, the space between 1850 and 1860 should not be the same as the space between 1860 and Use a predetermined length for each interval. 6. Once all of the years are correctly shown on the timeline, using images, drawings, and words, identify the significant event for each of the years. Be creative. 7. Creatively title your timeline. ( The Industrial Revolution is NOT a creative title.) 8. Once completed, be sure to check for accuracy, spelling, etc

11 Practice Name Date For each of the listed developments, write two or three ways it made life easier for people: 1. Cotton gin 2. Sewing machine 3. Reaper 4. Steel plow 5. Interchangeable parts 6. Telegraph 7. Cumberland road 8. Steamboat (continued) 10

12 9. Steam engine 10. Erie canal 11. Railroad 12. Light bulb 13. Telephone 14. Automobile 11

13 Practice ANSWER KEY (Answers May Vary) Name Date For each of the listed developments, write two or three ways it made life easier for people: 1. Cotton gin Made harvesting cotton easier, separating the seeds from the cotton, people did not have to work as hard. 2. Sewing machine Clothes could be made with less effort, cheaper, and greater volume 3. Reaper Made farming easier, less work for farmers, spend more time with family, increased volume 4. Steel plow Same as #3 5. Interchangeable parts Better manufacturing, less labor involved, more choices 6. Telegraph Easier to communicate across distances, less travel needed, brought people together 7. Cumberland road Less accidents, faster travel times, smoother travel, cars lasted longer 8. Steamboat Faster travel, less work involved, smoother rides 9. Steam engine Same as #8, including more uses 10. Erie canal Shortened travel time, people traveled more, helped with trade 11. Railroad Same as # Light bulb People could do things at night, helped with reading/writing, more option for businesses 13. Telephone Less costly than a telegraph, better communication, people could stay in touch 14. Automobile Shortened travel time, more travel by people, easier to move for other jobs 12

14 Activity ANSWER KEY Name Date 1775 James Watt invents the steam engine 1793 Robert Fulton invents the steamboat 1794 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin 1807 Embargo Act 1811 Cumberland Road completed 1812 War of 1812 w/great Britain 1825 Erie Canal completed 1831 Reaper invented allows grain to be harvested faster 1837 John Deere invents the steel plow 1844 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph 1846 Elias Howe invents the sewing machine 1869 Transcontinental railroad completed 1877 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone 1878 Thomas Edison invents the lightbulb 1885 Automobile invented by Karl Benz 13