Domestic industry and craftsmen

Transcription

1 Domestic industry and craftsmen Up to 1700s most products made at home or by craftsmen in workshops Carpenters, potters, blacksmiths, bakers Spinners, weavers, tailors

2 Domestic Industry versus Factories

3 Why did factories begin to mass produce products previously made at home or by craftsmen? It became quicker, cheaper and easier to mass produce products in factories Why? New inventions Machinery improved Factories built Many people lived in small houses in cities and didn't have skills, space, materials

4 Making clothes: Step one- raw materials Wool from sheep Cotton from cotton plant (introduced from India) Linen from flax plant

5 Making clothes: step two- spinning the material into thread Wool, flax or cotton spun into thread (or yarn) on spinning machines

6 Making clothes: step three weaving yarn or thread on looms

7 Making clothes: step four cutting and sewing woven material to make clothes etc...

8 weaving by hand skip from start to end quickly spinning weaving in india

9 NEW INVENTIONS MADE SPINNING AND WEAVING FASTER AND EASIER THIS MEANT MORE MATERIAL AND CLOTH COULD BE PRODUCED USING LESS PEOPLE BIGGER MACHINES COULDN'T FIT IN HOUSES AND FACTORIES MASS PRODUCING CLOTH AND CLOTHES DEVELOPED

10 1764: James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny Eight threads could be spun at a time

11 1769: Richard Arkwright- Water Frame Water powered machine could spin 100s of threads at a time

12 1779: Samuel Crompton: Spinning Mule Combined advantages of Spinning Jenny and Water Frame

13 1733: John Kay: 'Flying Shuttle' Wheels on shuttle doubled speed of weaving

14 1787: Edmund Cartwright: Power Loom Steam power used to weave very quickly

15 COPY THIS DOWN Inventions that made spinning faster 1764: James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny Eight threads could be spun at a time 1769: Richard Arkwright- Water Frame Water powered machine could spin 100s of threads at a time 1779: Samuel Crompton: Spinning Mule Combined advantages of Spinning Jenny and Water Frame

16 COPY THIS DOWN Inventions that made weaving faster 1733: John Kay: 'Flying Shuttle' Wheels on shuttle doubled speed of weaving 1787: Edmund Cartwright: Power Loom Steam power used to weave very quickly

17 Explain how each invention helped. 1733: John Kay: 'Flying Shuttle' 1764: James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny 1769: Richard Arkwright- Water Frame 1779: Samuel Crompton: Spinning Mule 1787: Edmund Cartwright: Power Loom

18 Write a short explanation of each invention. 1733: John Kay: 'Flying Shuttle' 1764: James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny 1769: Richard Arkwright- Water Frame 1779: Samuel Crompton: Spinning Mule 1787: Edmund Cartwright: Power Loom

19 What were the working conditions for factory workers during the industrial revolution like?

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26 Go to videos and then see what it was like working in textile mills short video on children in factory work

27 COPY THIS DOWN Working conditions in factories Dark Long hours Dusty Low pay Dirty Disease spread easily Noisy Cramped conditions Damp Cruel managers Hot Dangerous: machinery, chemicals Children missing out on play and school Unhealthy: dust, cotton pieces in air, chemicals, fumes No proper insurance or compensation in case of accidents

28 COPY THIS DOWN More inventions 1709: Abraham Darby- Smelting iron with coke (coal dust) produced stronger iron (wrought iron?) 1784: Henry Cort: Puddling and rolling improved the quality of iron produced 1856: Henry Bessemer: Bessemer Converterturned iron into much stronger steel

29 What were the living conditions of factory workers like?

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31 Tenement room in the Coombe Dublin

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33 Children from Dublin Slums in early 1900s

34 COPY THIS DOWN Problems in cities Poverty/Overcrowding Dirty, dusty rooms Vermin: rats, mice (under floorboards etc..) Insects: cockroaches ants etc.. (sometimes in wallpaper) Poor sanitation or Run down buildings hygiene: outside toilets, Buildings collapsing no proper drains or sewers, spillages etc.. Fires Lack of facilities for Bad smells washing Dark rooms Diseases (cholera, Adulteration of food typhoid, TB, whooping Poor diet leading to cough malnutrition

35 COPY THIS DOWN key words Tenements: a house with several families, e.g. One family per room Slums: a run down poor part of a city

36 Hewers Trappers Hurriers COPY THIS DOWN Working in mines Gas could poison miners or explode Canaries and later Davy lamp used Dusty, dirty,coal dust (black lung) Cramped, uncomfortable: bad for back, posture etc... Hot Long hours Low pay No school or play time Dark (damaged eyesight) Dangerous: mine collapse, rail carriages

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39 'HEWERS' dig out coal

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41 'TRAPPERS' opened and closed doors

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44 'Hurriers' pushed and pulled carts of coal

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47 The Luddites: early 1800s

48 Improvements in working conditions Robert Owen was a cotton factory owner in Scotland Paid fair wages, provided houses for workers and a school for children Lord Shaftesbury campaigned for the government to improve working conditions for workers particularly women and children Various Factory Acts were passed in 1800s Trade Unions (organisations of workers) set up to fight for better work conditions/pay and campaign for laws to be changed

49 What problems were faced by mine workers especially children?

50 COPY THIS DOWN Key Words Spinning Jenny Hewer Spinning Mule Trapper Flying Shuttle Davy Lamp Water Frame Luddites Power Loom Robert Owen Slum Factory Acts Tenement

51 Personalities who had new inventions or ideas during the Industrial Revolution James Watt George Stephenson John Kay James Brindley James Hargreaves Edward Jenner Richard Cartwright Robert Bakewell Edward Cartwright Samuel Crompton Charles 'Turnip' Townshend Adrian Darby Arthur Young Henry Cort Thomas Coke Henry Bessemer

52 People in history question 4 A mine or factory worker during the Industrial Revolution 2009h A mine or factory worker during the Industrial revolution 2007h A farm labourer during the Agricultural Revolution 2006h A factory/mine owner during the Industrial Revolution in Britain c h A worker in a coal mine or a textile factory during the Industrial Revolution 2003h

53 More people in history questions A landlord in Ireland around the year, 1850 OR A factory owner or a mine owner in England around the year h A worker in a coal mine or a textile factory during the Industrial Revolution 2000h A person who left a small farm in Ireland to work in a Lancashire cotton mill about the year 1850