HISTORY of TELEGRAPHY. Ken Beauchamp. The Institution of Electrical Engineers
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1 HISTORY of TELEGRAPHY Ken Beauchamp The Institution of Electrical Engineers
2 Contents List of figures xiii List of tables xvii Preface xviii Abbreviations xxi PART 1 - TERRESTRIAL TELEGRAPHY 1 1 Things mechanical Shutter systems Chappe's telegraph Popham and the Admiralty installation Some semaphore systems in Europe Semaphore in the United States Operations 17 References 18 2 Early electrical ideas Electrostatic devices Electrochemical devices The 'needle' telegraphs Cooke and Wheatstone Telegraphy on the railways Dial telegraphs Codes and ciphers 47 References 4" 3 Commercial telegraphy ~* 3.1 Morse and single-line working Telegraph companies in the United States Development in Britain The Telegraph Acts of The Electric & International Telegraph Company 7^
3 viii Contents The British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company The London & District Telegraph Company The United Kingdom Electric Telegraph Company The Universal Private Telegraph Company The Reuter's Telegram Company The Exchange Telegraph Company Faster, cheaper telegrams Recording and printing Overhead or underground? Telegraphy in British India References 4 Military operations Submarine cables ' War in the Crimea The Indian Mutiny The American Civil War European conflicts African colonial wars The Nile and Egyptian campaigns The Boer War Early British Army telegraph training The Telegraph Battalion The Society of Telegraph Engineers British Army signalling References Leaving the land Gutta-percha Crossing the Channel The Siberian Telegraph Oceanic cables Theory and techniques Loading 5.6,2 Sensitive detectors Atlantic crossing Links to South America Cable-laying technology A Committee of Inquiry A Cable to India and further East The Australian connection The world encompassed References
4 Contents ix PART 2 - AERIAL TELEGRAPHY Marconi and the experimenters Beginnings Marconi Transatlantic attempt Spark and arc 'Short spark'operation The electric arc The high-frequency alternator Frequency multiplication Production and power The'Marconi system' Marconi high-power stations Duplex working Telefunken and Siemens Keying at high power Continuous waves in the United States 215 References Telegraphy for peace The advent of thermionics Detection Amplification and oscillation Transmission Linking the Empire Cable and wireless Reuters and the news service Maritime communication Wireless training in the merchant navy Codes, telegrams and newspapers at sea Life-saving at sea International agreements Civil aviation The role of amateurs 260 References and at war 8.1 Army wireless before War on the ground, Wireless direction-finding Trench warfare Wireless at the front Two military engagements The inter-war years 266
5 x Contents 8.4 War on the ground, Line working The African campaigns Communication systems Across the Channel Army wireless in the Second World War Allied wireless equipment German Army wireless British Army training and recruitment 304 References Military telegraphy at sea Wireless experiments at sea War at sea, Shipboard wireless equipment The Naval wireless telegraph network Cable operations The shore stations The inter-war years War at sea, Allied wireless equipment German wireless equipment Cable ships and cables British naval wireless training 342 References Military telegraphy in the air The dirigible War in the air, British airborne equipment Training telegraphists for air operations American airborne equipment German airborne equipment The inter-war years Use of shorter wavelengths The 1929 development programme War in the air, British airborne equipment American airborne equipment German airborne equipment RAF wireless training 383 References 386 It Epilogue The demise of Morse High-speed telegraphy 390
6 Contents xi 11.3 Baudot and the new codes Keyboard machines The teleprinter Military use of the teleprinter Telegram, telex and the telephone The telex service Telephony by submarine cable and satellite The digital revolution 403 References 404 Index 405
House flags of the telegraph companies Source: Haigh, Cableships and Cables, 1979 Contents List of figures List of tables Preface Abbreviations xiii xvii xviii xxi PART 1 TERRESTRIAL TELEGRAPHY 1 1 Things
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