Advanced Exploration EVA and IVA Human Radiation Shielding - Past and Present

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1 Advanced Exploration EVA and IVA Human Radiation Shielding - Past and Present Radiation Technologies Event Robert C. Trevino EC2 Design and Analysis Branch x /21/2016

2 EVA and IVA Radiation Shielding Past and Present Past and current EVA space suits do not have a dedicated radiation shielding material layer. International Space Station (ISS) has radiation shielding on the outside of some of the modules and on the inside around the Crew Quarters (sleeping compartments) 10/4/2016 2

3 ISS Crew Quarters (Sleeping Compartment) 10/4/2016 3

4 Background The 2015 NASA Technology Roadmap, Technology Area (TA) 6: Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems identifies key technology pathways needed for the next few decades for long duration, deep space human exploration. TA6.5 Radiation is focused on developing technologies to increase crew mission duration (100 to 1,000 days, depending on the mission) in the free-space radiation environment while remaining below the space radiation permissible exposure limits (PELs). TA 6.5 Radiation includes Risk Assessment Modeling, Radiation Mitigation and Biological Countermeasures, Protection Systems, Space Weather Prediction, and Monitoring. Spacecraft shielding from Solar Particle Events (SPEs) is much easier than shielding from Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR). Personal wearable radiation shielding will be needed for IVA crewmembers in Deep Space and EVA space suits during deep space and planetary surface spacewalks. 10/4/2016 4

5 Space Suit Radiation Shielding Past and present space suits do not have dedicated radiation shielding material layers. Advanced space suit are considering radiation shielding material layers and arrangement of portable life support systems, such as the water tank needed for thermal control be located to provide some radiation shielding. Various NASA grants and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) for lightweight novel radiation shielding materials have been awarded. Examples of SBIRs: Hydrogen-Rich, Multifunctional Polymeric Nanocomposites for Radiation Shielding DWNT/Hydrogenated Fullerene Reinforced Polyethylene for Radiation Shielding Applications Applications include human habitats, spacecraft, and protective apparel. For space suits, radiation shielding layer must not obstruct suit mobility. 10/4/2016 5

6 Space Suit Radiation Shielding 10/4/2016 6

7 BRAINSTORMING: Advanced Exploration Systems Program Radiation Shielding Shelters and Personal Wearable Radiation Shielding Concepts Radiation and the Logistics Reduction Projects collaborated on concepts for personal radiation shielding during deep space long duration missions. Cargo Transfer Bags (CTBs) are soft textile containers, similar to soft luggage, that are used to store resupply items, like food and clothing, on cargo resupply vehicles. CTBs are discarded as trash after used. Concept: Modified Cargo Transfer Bags (MCTBs) could be repurposed as radiation shielding blankets, water walls, and shelters. 10/4/2016 7

8 Repurpose of Modified Cargo Transfer Bags for Personal Radiation Shielding Transform existing MCTB into usable radiation shielding while preserving functionality MCTB UMCTB Unfolded 10/4/2016 8

9 Repurpose of Modified Cargo Transfer Bags for Personal Radiation Shielding Demron is a radiation-blocking fabric made by Radiation Shield Technologies. The material has radiation protection similar to lead shielding, while being lightweight and flexible. 10/4/2016 9

10 MCTB Radiation Shielding Garment Compared to Commercially Available Radiation Shielding Garment IVA MCTB Radiation Shielding Garment Commercially Available Radiation Shielding Garment 10/4/

11 BRAINSTORMING: Advanced Exploration Systems Program Concept for Radiation Shielding Shelter Using MCTBs MCTBs Radiation Shielding Wall with Forward Osmosis Water Containers, Heat Melt Compactor Tiles, or Food containers 10/4/

12 Apollo Program and a Close Call with a Solar Disaster Apollo Program, missions landed on the Moon, 1 (Apollo 13) did not land but returned safely Lunar surface EVAs and Deep Space EVAs (Apollo 15, 16, and 17)were conducted between 1969 and On August 7, 1972, the Sun produced a brief eruption of intense high energy radiation, known as a solar flare. At the time, this was the largest measured solar flare ever recorded. 10/4/

13 Close Call Apollo 16, Launch on April 21, Splashdown on April 27, 1972a A huge solar flare eruption on August 7, 1972 Apollo 17, the last mission to the Moon, Launch on December 7, Splashdown December 19, 1972 According to experts, if this solar flare had occurred during either of these missions, the crew would have experienced extreme radiation sickness, or possibly worse. 10/4/

14 Conclusion We must continue to study and develop innovative solutions and an integrated approach to personal human radiation shielding for both IVA and EVA operations with spinoffs to medical, nuclear industry workers and first responders. Deep Space Operations Planetary Surface Operations 10/4/

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