Panel Session IV - Future Space Exploration
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1 The Space Congress Proceedings 2003 (40th) Linking the Past to the Future - A Celebration of Space May 1st, 8:30 AM - 11:00 AM Panel Session IV - Future Space Exploration Canaveral Council of Technical Societies Follow this and additional works at: Scholarly Commons Citation Canaveral Council of Technical Societies, "Panel Session IV - Future Space Exploration" (May 1, 2003). The Space Congress Proceedings. Paper 9. This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at ERAU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of ERAU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact commons@erau.edu.
2 Future Space Exploration May
3 Exploration Requirements Methodology Space Act & NASA Strategic Plan Exploration/Science Rationale Requirements and Systems Engineering Architectural Studies & Technology Trades Design Reference Missions and element concepts Technology and Development Road Maps Products: Technology Requirements and Priorities, Requirements to other programs, and New Initiatives 2
4 3
5 Science Drivers Determine Destinations (Selected Examples) Science Questions Pursuits Activities Destinations How did we get here? How did the Solar System evolve? How do humans adapt to space? History of major Solar System events Effects of deep space on cells Planetary sample analysis: absolute age determination calibrating the clocks Measurement of genomic responses to radiation Asteroids Moon Mars Venus Beyond Van Allen belts Where are we going? What is Earth s sustainability and habitability? Impact of human and natural events upon Earth Measurement of Earth s vital signs taking the pulse Earth orbits Libration points Are we alone? Is there Life beyond the planet Earth Origin of life in the Solar System Origin of life in the Universe Detection of biomarkers and hospitable environments Cometary nuclei Europa Libration points Mars Titan 4
6 Robust Strategy for Scientific Discovery: Stepping Stones to Human and Robotic Exploration 5
7 Humans and Robots For the future: How do we apply the best state of technology to get the most from our machine, robot, computational, and human capabilities? How do we develop the most effective interfaces between people and machines? Ultimately, how do we augment human performance with advanced machines to maximize overall mission performance, flexibility, and achievement? 6
8 Libration Points Lunar Orbit Sun - Earth L 1 L 3 L 4 Sun - Earth L million km L 1 L million km 1.5 million km L 2 L 5 L 2 Sun Mars L 1 Sun Mars L 2 7
9 Earth s Neighborhood Accessible Planetary Surfaces Progression in Capability Development Sun, Mercury, Venus Sun-Earth L 1, L 2 High Earth Orbit Earth-Moon L 1, L 2 Earth Low Earth Orbit Moon Mars Outer Planets and beyond 8
10 Strategy for Potential Future Human Missions Potential Destinations from Science Objectives Common Capabilities Technology Building Blocks Efficient In-Space Prop.. Aeroassist System Design(s) Low-cost Engines Cryo Fluid Management Robust/Efficient Power Lightweight structures Radiation systems, Research sensors, micro/nano Zero/Low-g Research Breakthrough Technologies (Examples) electronics Regenerable Life Support Advanced Lightweight EVA Wireless Power Transmission Regenerative Aerobraking Revolutionary ETO Rockets Innovative Mission Concepts 9
11 Cumulative Mass Savings (Per Cent) The Value of Technology Investments Mars Mission Example 100 All Propulsive, Chemical Aerocapture +Advanced Propulsion +Closed Loop Life Support + Advanced Materials + Maintenance & Spares +Advanced Avionics 0 Today s Technology 10
12 Earth s Neighborhood Exploration Architecture Low-Energy Transfer Interplanetary Superhighway Crew departs from and returns to ISS Earth L 2 Moon Emerging Mars Transportation Architecture Solar Electric Propulsion Stage High-efficiency SEP used to deliver cargo from LEO to a final destination. SEP Stage returns to Earth for reuse. Mars Crew Transfer Vehicle Transports crew between ISS and Lunar L 1 (4-6 day trip) Nominal return to ISS with contingency direct Earth return L 1 Outpost Gateway to the Lunar surface Outpost for staging missions to Moon, Mars and telescope construction Lunar Lander Transports crew between Outpost and Lunar Surface 9-day mission (3 days on Lunar surface) Lunar Habitat 30-day surface habitat placed at Lunar South Pole 11
13 Lunar L 1 Gateway Transhab - class inflatable pressure shell (1/2 length) M-50 Hall Effect Thruster (6x50kWe each) Plasma Engine Key Attributes Earth-Sun Telescope assembly and servicing Staging for lunar missions Gateway serves as stepping stone - opportunity to test technology and operational concepts Architecture can be bought by the yard - increasing capabilities and operational experience Common architecture elements for all Earth s Neighborhood missions Potential for repairing outbound planetary spacecraft NGST sunshield inflatable deployment concept 12
14 Mars Architecture Synergies and Implications Major crew health risk dramatically reduced Multi-decade microgravity research program unnecessary Artificial Gravity Transit Vehicle Configuration Compatibility High Productivity Rate from Conditioned Crew Nuclear Electric Propulsion Required Performance Available Opposition-Class Missions Human-rated aerocapture at Mars unnecessary High power levels available for crew & spacecraft systems Reusable Mars transportation system feasible Increased flexibility for Mars exploration Reduction in overall mission time Reduced Mars surface infrastructure required 13
15 Addressing Cost Accurately predict complexity and cost by fully understanding technical challenges, international and commercial partnering through; New technologies and innovative mission approaches Low-cost Earth analogs International Space Station research and testing Leveraging of other programs Test and demonstrate technologies Investigate environmental factors to benefit future missions Stepping stone approach for future exploration Address new best practices management techniques needed to manage large complex missions 14
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