CONTENTS. xi xv FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

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1 CONTENTS FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi xv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2 APOLLO: THE LEGACY Introduction Origins of Apollo Cold War Legacy Human Legacy Scientific Legacy 20 Notes and References 21 CHAPTER 3 ENERGY: THE GLOBAL FUTURE Introduction ``In the Box'' Energy Sources Fossil Fuels Nuclear Fission 31 v

2 3.2.3 Terrestrial Solar Power Conservation The ``Portfolio'' Approach ``Out of the Box'' Energy Sources Hydrogen Deuterium±Tritium Fusion Space Solar Energy Lunar Helium-3 Fusion 43 Notes and References 47 CHAPTER 4 BOOSTER: MOON ROCKET ECONOMICS Introduction The Saturn VI The Saturn V Benchmark Booster Operational Costs Alternatives to a ``Saturn VI'' Shuttle Derived Booster Energia Multiple Expendable Launch Vehicles 60 Notes and References 61 CHAPTER 5 FUSION: HELIUM-3 POWER ECONOMICS Introduction Potential Approaches to Fusion Power Deuterium±Tritium Fusion Helium-3 and Deuterium-Helium-3 Fusion Hydrogen±Boron-11 Fusion Economics of Deuterium±Helium-3 Fusion Summary 73 Notes and References 74 CHAPTER 6 RESOURCES: LUNAR HELIUM-3 ECONOMICS Introduction Geology of Lunar Helium General Background Helium-3 in the Regolith Helium-3 and Titanium Regolith Breccia vs Regolith Fines Helium Concentration vs Grain Size 88 vi

3 6.2.6 Agitation Losses Summary Economic Geology of Lunar Helium General Background Mining Analysis Mining-Processing Costs 96 Notes and References 99 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 SETTLEMENT: HELIUM-3 PRODUCTION ECONOMICS Introduction Mining, Processing, and Refining Mining Strategy: Spiral vs Rectilinear Equipment Design Dust: A Special Problem Thermal and Electrical Power Solar Energy Solar and Lunar Hydrogen±Oxygen Energy Cycle Nuclear Fission Helium-3 Fusion Export to Earth and Space Risk Management Employee Selection and Training Employee Compensation Imported Consumables and Other Support Production Economics Non-recurring Costs for Initiating Helium-3 Production Summary 142 Notes and References 143 APPROACHES: ORGANIZATIONAL OPTIONS FOR A RETURN Introduction Financing Minimum Start-Up Capital Required Minimum Tax Revenues Required Minimum Private Capital Required Minimum Cost of Capital Maximum Financing Feasibility 156 vii

4 8.2.6 Least Regulatory Costs Minimum Operating Costs Maximum Return on Investment Maximum Staying Power Management Minimum Complexity of Management Minimum Complexity of Operations Access to Largest Technical Base Quality in Planning, RDT&E, Production, and Operations Quality in Marketing and Sales and Product Distribution Maximum Sales Margins Quality in Financial Controls Quality of Work Force Motivation of Work Force External Issues Maximum Net Environmental Protection Maximum Potential for Technology Spinoff Maximum Economic Benefit Maximum World Benefit Maximum Potential for Space Settlement Aggregate Approach Evaluation 166 Notes and References 167 CHAPTER 9 MANAGEMENT: LESSONS FROM APOLLO Introduction Apollo Management Evolution of an Approach to Management The Fire Professional Values and Consequences Internal Engineering Capability Competitive Development of Critical Systems Value of Youth Management Oversight Political Support 188 viii

5 9.3 Essential Conditions for Success 191 Notes and References 193 CHAPTER 10 NASA: RESTRUCTURING FOR DEEP SPACE NASA in Political Terms Management Restructuring Centers' Roles and Missions Long Duration Space Shuttle NASA and Space Tourism Aeronautics Space Biomedicine Space Launch Initiative Space Science Major Recent Events 236 Notes and References 238 CHAPTER 11 INVESTORS: THE BEST APPROACH Introduction Commercial Precedents in Space Communications Other Commercial Space Endeavors Phase I: Commercial Fusion Technology Diagnostic Medical Isotope Production Neutron Diagnostic Imaging Therapeutic Medical Isotope Production Detection of Landmines and Other Threats Nuclear Materials Disposal (Transmutation) Mobile Power Sources Phase II: Fusion Power Demonstration Phase III: Saturn VI and Lunar Production Management Structure Organization Internal Financial and Technical Controls Modern Management Techniques Personnel Launch and Space Operations Ancillary Businesses 268 ix

6 11.8 Summary 270 Notes and References 271 CHAPTER 12 LAW: SPACE RESOURCES Introduction Relevant Law and Precedents Antarctic Treaty System Space Law Outer Space Treaty of Moon Agreement of Intelsat and Inmarsat Law of the Sea Convention United States' Space Law Property and Mineral Rights Conclusion 295 Notes and References 296 CHAPTER 13 HUMANS: ROLES IN SPACE Introduction Adaptation to Space Physiological Adaptation Lunar Habitats and Spacesuits Cultural and Social Adaptation Space Radiation Dust Lunar Occupational Medicine Family Development Implications of Humans in Space 318 Notes and References 319 CHAPTER 14 IMPLICATIONS 325 References 328 INDEX 329 x

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