SPACE ENGINEERING, ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE

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1 HANDBOOK Of SPACE ENGINEERING, ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE EDITED ANN GARRISON DARRIN BETH LAURA O'LEARY

2 Contents Preface Acknowledgments Editors Contributors xi xiii xv xvii SECTION! All Sky Survey Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Ann Garrison Darrin and Beth Laura O'Leary Chapter 2 Archaeology: The Basics 17 Edward Staski Chapter 3 Evolution of Space Archaeology and Heritage 29 Beth Laura O'Leary Chapter 4 Space Basics: The Solar System 49 Jerold Emhoff Chapter 5 Space Basics: Orbital Mechanics 69 Jerold Emhoff Chapter 6 Space Basics: Getting to and Staying in Space 83 Michelle M. Donegan Chapter 7 Ground Segment: Ground Systems and Operations 91 R. Michael Furrow Chapter 8 Launch Segment: Launch Vehicles and Spacelift 109 Daniel E. Clemens and Barbara Leary

3 Chapter 9 Space Segment: Space Vehicles and Payloads 137 Ann Garrison Darrin and Thomas S. Mehoke SECTION II The Sky: A Cultural Perspective Chapter 10 Archaeoastronomy, Ethnoastronomy, and Cultural Astronomy 157 Susan Milbrath SECTION III Introduction to the Space Age Chapter 11 History of the Space Age 195 Anne Millbrooke Chapter 12 From Vengeance 2 to Sputnik 1: The Beginnings 209 Robert Osiander Chapter 13 Space Race and the Cold War, 229 Richard Sturdevant and Greg Orndorff Chapter 14 Origin and Developments in Commercial Space 251 Patrick A. Stadter Chapter 15 Maturing Space Age 263 Ralph L. McNutt, Jr. SECTION IV The Landscape of Space Chapter 16 Cultural Landscape of Space '. 335 Alice Gorman Chapter 17 Orbital Artifacts in Space 347 Daniel E. Clemens Chapter 18 Introduction to Space Debris Robert Osiander and Paul Ostdiek

4 Chapter 19 Heritage of Earth Orbit: Orbital Debris Its Mitigation and Cultural Heritage 381 Alice Gorman Chapter 20 Spacecraft and Objects Left on Planetary Surfaces 399 Robert Gold Chapter 21 Culture of Apollo: A Catalog of Manned Exploration of the Moon 421 P.J. Capelotti SECTION V Spacecraft Forensics and Mystery Solving Chapter 22 Space Hardware: Mystery Solving 445 Ann Garrison Darrin and Patricia M. Prettyman Chapter 23 Failed Mars Mission Landing Sites: Heritage Places or Forensic Investigation Scenes? 457 Dirk H. R. Spennemann and Guy Murphy Chapter 24 Lost Spacecraft 481 Philip J. Stooke Chapter 25 Space Hardware: Models, Spares, and Debris 497 Ralph D. Lorenz SECTION VI Environmental Effects and the Material Record Chapter 26 Natural Formation Processes and Their Effects on Exoatmospheric Objects, Structures, and Sites 509 Edward Staski and Roger Gerke Chapter 27 Space Environmental Effects y 521 Jennifer L. Sample

5 Chapter 28 Space, Atmospheric, and Terrestrial Radiation Environments 529 Janet L. Barth Chapter 29 Thermal Environment and the Effects on Aging 561 Douglas Mehoke Chapter 30 Potential Effects: Atmospheres of Space Bodies and Materials 573 William S. Heaps Chapter 31 Wear and Tear: Mechanical 581 Theodore S. Swanson Chapter 32 Space Environment and Spacecraft Electrical Systems '. 593 Ann Garrison Darrin Chapter 33 Contamination Control and Planetary Protection 609 Michelle M. Donegan Chapter 34 Studies in Aging 619 Paul J. Biermann SECTION VII Preservation of Space Objects and Case Studies Chapter 35 Space Technology: Vanguard 1, Explorer 7, and GRAB Materials and Museum Concerns 633 Hanna Szczepanowska Chapter 36 CORONA KH-4B Museum Preservation of Reconnaissance Space Artifacts: A Case Study 657 Hanna Szczepanowska Chapter 37 In Situ Preservation of Historic Spacecraft.'. 679 Robert Barclay and Randall C. Brooks

6 Chapter 38 Archaeology of the Putative Roswell UFO Crash Site: A Case Study 701 William Doleman SECTION VIII Space Policy and Preservation Chapter 39 International Space Community and Space Law 741 Stephen E. Doyle Chapter 40 One Giant Leap: Preserving Cultural Resources on the Moon 757 Beth Laura O'Leary Chapter 41 On the Nature of the Cultural Heritage Values of Spacecraft Crash Sites 781 Dirk H. R. Spennemann Chapter 42 Mission Planning Space Archaeology and Preservation Planning: System Engineering Perspective 801 Aaron Q. Rogers and Ann Garrison Darrin SECTION IX The Future and Space Archaeology Chapter 43 Plan for the Future Preservation of Space 819 Beth Laura O'Leary Chapter 44 Space Exploration: The Next 100 Years 835 Ralph L. McNutt, Jr. Chapter 45 Surveying Fermi's Paradox, Mapping Dyson's Sphere: Approaches to Archaeological Field Research in Space 857 P. J. Capelotti

7 SECTION X The Mind and the Cosmos Chapter 46 Developing Exoarchaeology in the Solar System and Beyond 873 John B. Campbell Chapter 47 Technology and Material Culture in Science Fiction 887 Thomas S. Mehoke Chapter 48 Space Archaeology and Science Fiction 899 Larry J. Paxton Chapter 49 Space Archaeology and the Historiography of Science Fiction 919 Bradley G. Boone Appendix A Toward an Understanding of Terminology in Space Engineering, Archaeology, and Heritage 935 Ann Garrison Darrin and Beth Laura O'Leary Appendix B Space Programs and Organizations 965 Cheryl L. B. Reed Index 987

CONTENTS. xi xv FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

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