10/29/2018. Apollo Management Lessons for Moon-Mars Initiative. I Have Learned To Use The Word Impossible With The Greatest Caution.

Transcription

1 ASTR Space Science: Practice & Policy Today: Guest Lecture by Apollo 17 Astronaut Dr. Harrison Schmitt on Origins and Legacy of Apollo Next Class: Meet at Fiske Planetarium for guest lecture by Dr. Fran Bagenal on Juno. Look over Juno website referenced on class website for Oct. 31. Apollo Management Lessons for Moon-Mars Initiative Astronomy 4800 Space Science: Practice & Policy Harrison H. Schmitt University of Colorado Astronomy 4800 October 29, 2018 United States Apollo Space Program Groundwork Laid by President Eisenhower Russian (Soviet) Challenge in Space Well Recognized Landing a Man on the Moon Proposed by President Kennedy in 1961 Counter to Soviet Advances in Human Spaceflight Major Competition within the Cold War John Glenn Orbited the Earth in February 1962 Apollo 8 Orbited the Moon In December 1968 Neil Armstrong Successfully Landed on the Moon July 20, 1969, Ending the Moon Race. Five Additional Apollo Missions Landed on the Moon between November 1969 and December Apollo 13 Was Damaged by an Explosion and Rescued in April Last Three Apollo Missions Each Explored Different Areas of the Moon for Three full Days vs. One to Two, Half Days. 850 Pounds of Moon Rocks and Soil Were Brought Back to Earth. Studies of These Samples Actively Continue to This Day Great New Understanding of Earth s Early History Has Come from Understanding the History of the Moon. Dec 1903 July 1969 May 1961 I Have Learned To Use The Word Impossible With The Greatest Caution. Werner von Braun 1

2 Apollo 17 Apollo 11 2

3 Challenger AS15 P9290 3

4 Geopolitical Imperative Transformative Managerial, Infrastructure, and Operational Steps Required signing GEOPOLITICAL FOCUS APOLLO ENVIRONMENT STAY YOUNG MANAGEMENT RESERVES CRITICAL PATH PLANNING Understand The Critical Geopolitical Nature Of Space Dominance For The Indefinite Future Liberty Calls Us To Its Defense In Space As Well As At Home NASA PHOTO 4

5 Focus Adequate Reserves Avoid Or Eliminate The Distractions From The Primary Mission That Occupy The Time And Productivity Of Management And Implementers Only Means Of Dealing With Unk-Unks Without Milestone Slips Near Demise Of Space Shuttle And Cancelation Of Constellation Apollo s Reserves Were Around 100% Probably Need About 30% Today Through CDRs Technically Smarter Than In The 1960s Stable Annual Funding Establish Concept Of An Indefinite Commitment To U.S. Geopolitical Competitiveness In Space Constitutionally Required Support Related to National Defense Stay Young Average Age Of Apollo In The Twenties Average Age Of Middle Managers and Astronauts In The Thirties Adopt Best Of Military And Civil Service Rules To Stay Young Across Generations Technical Currency and Flexibility Don t Reach So Far That Unnecessary Technical Risk Is Assumed; However, Design For Continuous Upgrades In Technically Fluid Fields (Actlually, most flields) Maintain Internal Agency Engineering Design Strength Contract Oversight Opinion Diversity Open Management Environment Minimize Levels Of Decision-making Apollo Allowed A Good Idea To Rise Quickly To The Final Decision-maker (Sometimes overnight) Avoid Decision Creep Due To Success Or Failure 5

6 Risk Management Critical Paths Embed At All Levels Of Implementation Identify Major Risks Facing All Levels Of Implementation And Manage Their Mitigation Prepare Advance Responses To Unmitigated Risks Design And Train Intensively As Close As Possible To How You Would Fly Must Be Under U.S. Control In Order To Make Milestones Necessary To Success And To Stable Funding Strong Leadership Will Open Opportunities For International Partners To Utilize Skill Requirements Drive Diversity Stakes In Space Are Always Too High To Let Political Correctness Drive Diversity Develop STEM Educational Institutions As The Farm Team Public and Private Space Private Investment Has Long Been A Part Of Aerospace Early Entrepreneurial Aircraft Industry Satellite Communications Contractor Teams Implemented Most Of Apollo Require Technically And Managerially Strong Oversight New Era Of Entrepreneurial Investment Apply many of the lessons of Apollo Lunar Resources Best Developed Privately In Parallel With Other Requirements Driven By National Interests Conclusion No Accident That Apollo Was Successful A Saturn-Enabled Mission Every 2 Months In 1968 And 1969 Resulted From A Management Environment That Worked Don t Re-invent The Past But Learn From It Physics Of Space Flight Does Not Change If Concepts Worked Once, Check Them Out For Modernization NASA PHOTO 6

7 Transformative Infrastructure Saturn V + Launch Capability Fusion or Fission Space Power Fusion Interplanetary Propulsion Lunar Settlement for Resource Production Water He-3 H O He Food N? Available Anywhere Transformative Operations Crew Scientific Field Experience Confirmation of 1/6 Re-adaptation ISS Use to Scientifically Understand SAS Clean Slate Space Suit Design Upper Atm Verification of Martian EDL Autonomous Martian Operations Lunar Verification of Martian systems and Ops Analytical Systems for In Situ Exploration PRESSURE SUIT (EMU) Hand Fatigue Dexterity Bending and Kneeling Dust rejection Voice Controlled Heads-Up Display Voice Controlled Comm, PLSS and Recall MRL (Maintain-Refurbish-Lifetime) Dust Mitigation Problems Wear, Jamming, Physiological Electronics Lunar and Martian Dust Different Layered Defense Rejection (Passive and/or Active) Suits Left Outside (Maintenance Facility) Magnetic Filters (Moon) Circulation Filtering (Mars) Tools Standard Sampling Specialized Sampling Documentation Digital, Video, Location and Spatial Data Vacuum Seals In situ Analysis Unique Data Real-time Exploration Information In Habitat Analysis Triage Exploration Planning Human Dexterity Experiments Use if No Reasonable Alternative Automated or Tele-operated Deployments Human Backup Drill Design 7

8 Transformative Commercial 23 Mev Gamma-ray Detector in Lunar Orbit He-3 and Solar Wind Volatile Distribution Lunar Settlement and Resource Production 8