Genres and Techniques of Literature

Transcription

1 T ABLE OF C ONTENTS PART ONE Understanding Literature UNIT 1 Genres and Techniques of Literature THE ORAL TRADITION 4 Anonymous Follow the Drinking Gourd SPIRITUAL 6 POETRY 12 Edna St. Vincent Millay Sonnet XXX POEM 19 Li-Young Lee A Story POEM 22 FICTION 27 Judith Ortiz Cofer American History SHORT STORY 31 DRAMA 41 Arthur Miller from The Crucible PLAY EXCERPT 44 NONFICTION 52 N. Scott Momaday The Way to Rainy Mountain MEMOIR 56 GUIDED WRITING 65 Expository Writing: Writing about Literature LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Sentence Variety UNIT REVIEW 74 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 74 PART TWO The American Tradition Blanket, Navajo artist. UNIT 2 Origins of the American Tradition (to 1750) Bartolomé de las Casas INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 80 ECHOES: Quotations on the Origins of the American Tradition 86 Iroquois from the Iroquois Constitution NONFICTION 87 John Smith Tewa Song of the Sky Loom TRIBAL SONG 92 from The Very Brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies NONFICTION 96 from The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles NONFICTION 102 v

2 Anonymous from The New England Primer NONFICTION 110 Anne Bradstreet To My Dear and Loving Husband POEM 114 Jonathan Edwards from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God SERMON 118 William Bradford from Of Plymouth Plantation NONFICTION 124 Anne Bradstreet Upon the Burning of Our House POEM 126 Edward Taylor Huswifery POEM 126 GUIDED WRITING 127 Personal/Expressive Writing: Writing a Reflective Essay LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Pronouns and Antecedents UNIT REVIEW 136 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 136 UNIT 3 The American Revolution ( ) INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 140 ECHOES: Quotations on the American Revolution 145 Benjamin Franklin from The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin AUTOBIOGRAPHY 146 Patrick Henry Speech in the Virginia Convention SPEECH 153 Phillis Wheatley To S. M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works POEM 159 Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence DOCUMENT 163 INSIGHTS: The Bill of Rights NONFICTION 168 Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams, May 7, 1776 LETTER 171 J. Hector St. Jean de Crèvecœur from Letters from an American Farmer NONFICTION 176 Thomas Paine from Common Sense NONFICTION 177 from Crisis, No. 1 NONFICTION 177 Benjamin Franklin from Remarks Concerning the Natives of North America NONFICTION 178 GUIDED WRITING 179 Persuasive Writing: Defending a Viewpoint LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Subject-Verb Agreement UNIT REVIEW 188 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 188 vi

3 UNIT 4 The New England Renaissance ( ) INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 192 ECHOES: Quotations from Emerson and Thoreau 198 William Cullen Bryant Thanatopsis POEM 199 Oliver Wendell Holmes The Chambered Nautilus POEM 206 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow The Village Blacksmith POEM 211 Emily Dickinson This is my letter to the World POETRY 216 The Soul selects her own Society 220 Because I could not stop for Death 222 I heard a Fly buzz when I died 225 Edgar Allan Poe The Pit and the Pendulum SHORT STORY 228 The Raven POEM 244 Nathaniel Hawthorne Rappaccini s Daughter SHORT STORY 251 INSIGHTS: The Real Beatrice? NONFICTION 273 Ralph Waldo Emerson from Self-Reliance ESSAY 276 The Rhodora POEM 283 Henry David Thoreau from Walden ESSAY 286 Herman Melville Loomings, from Moby Dick NOVEL EXCERPT 299 Louisa May Alcott Transcendental Wild Oats AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL FICTION 300 Edgar Allan Poe Annabel Lee POETRY 306 Alone 306 James Russell Lowell Stanzas on Freedom POEM 307 Emily Dickinson There s a certain Slant of light POETRY 307 Hope is the thing with feathers 307 Much Madness is divinest Sense 307 GUIDED WRITING 308 Imaginative Writing: Describing a Gothic Setting LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Vivid Verbs and Colorful Modifiers UNIT REVIEW 314 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 315 Winter Sunday in Norway, Maine, c American artist. vii

4 UNIT 5 Slavery and the Civil War ( ) Frederick Douglass INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 318 ECHOES: Quotations on Slavery and the Civil War 323 from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself AUTOBIOGRAPHY 324 Anonymous Swing Low, Sweet Chariot SPIRITUAL 330 Stephen Foster My Old Kentucky Home FOLK SONG 334 Julia Ward Howe The Battle Hymn of the Republic HYMN 339 Abraham Lincoln The Gettysburg Address SPEECH 344 Sojourner Truth Ain t I a Woman? SPEECH 350 Ambrose Bierce An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge SHORT STORY 354 Walt Whitman from Song of Myself POETRY 365 O Captain! My Captain! 375 Stephen Crane Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind POETRY 379 A Man Said to the Universe 382 Harriet Jacobs (Linda Brent) from Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Seven Years Concealed AUTOBIOGRAPHY 385 Abraham Lincoln from A House Divided SPEECH 386 Letter to Mrs. Bixby LETTER 386 from the Second Inaugural Address SPEECH 386 Robert E. Lee Farewell to His Army SPEECH 387 Walt Whitman from When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom d POETRY 387 When I Heard the Learn d Astronomer 388 Booker T. Washington from Up from Slavery AUTOBIOGRAPHY 388 ABOLITIONIST VOICES Lydia Maria Child from An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans NONFICTION 388 John B. Russwurm from Freedom Journal, March 16, 1827 NONFICTION 389 William Lloyd Garrison from Editorial in The Liberator, January 1, 1831 NEWSPAPER EDITORIAL 389 Angelina Grimké from Appeal to the Christian Women of the Southern States NONFICTION 389 William Ellery Channing from Slavery NONFICTION 389 Salmon P. Chase from Argument before the Supreme Court in the Case of Wharton Jones v. John Vanzandt, 1846 SPEECH 389 viii

5 GUIDED WRITING 390 Narrative Writing: Biographical Narrative LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Writing Effective Sentences UNIT REVIEW 400 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 400 UNIT 6 Frontiers ( ) Mark Twain INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 404 ECHOES: Quotations from Mark Twain 410 The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County SHORT STORY 411 Bret Harte The Outcasts of Poker Flat SHORT STORY 419 Chief Joseph of the Nez Percé I Will Fight No More Forever SPEECH 432 INSIGHTS: Broken Promises NONFICTION 434 Sarah Orne Jewett A White Heron SHORT STORY 437 Susan B. Anthony Woman s Right to Suffrage SPEECH 448 INSIGHTS: The Susan B. Anthony Dollar NONFICTION 451 Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour SHORT STORY 454 Cochise of the Apache I Am Alone SPEECH 460 Mark Twain from Life on the Mississippi MEMOIR 460 Henry James from The Art of Fiction NONFICTION 462 GUIDED WRITING 463 Informative Writing: Application Essay LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Extending Effective Use of Phrases and Clauses UNIT REVIEW 472 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 473 Boy Sitting in the Grass, c Georges Seurat. ix

6 UNIT 7 The Modern Era ( ) INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 476 ECHOES: Quotations on the Modern Era 483 Edgar Lee Masters Lucinda Matlock from Spoon River Anthology POEM 484 Amy Lowell Patterns POETRY 489 Carl Sandburg Grass 496 T. S. Eliot The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock POEM 500 Robert Frost Mending Wall POETRY 508 Home Burial 513 Robert Frost INSIGHTS: Letter to The Amherst Student NONFICTION 517 Wallace Stevens The Snow Man POETRY 520 Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird 523 William Carlos Williams This Is Just to Say POETRY 529 The Red Wheelbarrow 532 E. E. Cummings somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond POEM 535 Willa Cather A Wagner Matinee SHORT STORY 539 F. Scott Fitzgerald The Sensible Thing SHORT STORY 548 Katherine Anne Porter The Jilting of Granny Weatherall SHORT STORY 562 Ernest Hemingway A Clean, Well-Lighted Place SHORT STORY 572 John Dos Passos Newsreel LXVIII, from The Big Money NONFICTION 578 William Faulkner Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech SPEECH 585 Darl from As I Lay Dying NOVEL EXCERPT 588 MODERN POETRY Edwin Arlington Robinson Richard Cory POETRY 593 Edgar Lee Masters Petit, the Poet, from Spoon River Anthology 593 Ezra Pound In a Station of the Metro 593 Vachel Lindsay The Flower-Fed Buffaloes 593 Edna St. Vincent Millay Euclid Alone Has Looked on Beauty Bare 593 Robert Frost The Death of the Hired Man 594 An Old Man s Winter Night 595 Wallace Stevens Disillusionment of Ten O Clock 596 Amy Lowell Wind and Silver 596 A Lover 596 E. E. Cummings anyone lived in a pretty how town 596 MODERN FICTION Sherwood Anderson Sophistication from Winesburg, Ohio NOVEL EXCERPT 596 x

7 John Steinbeck from The Grapes of Wrath 599 GUIDED WRITING 601 Informative Writing: Writing an Annotated Bibliography LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Documenting Online and Conventional Sources UNIT REVIEW 608 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 609 UNIT 8 The Harlem Renaissance ( ) INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 612 ECHOES: Quotations on the Harlem Renaissance 618 Paul Laurence Dunbar We Wear the Mask POEM 619 Countee Cullen Yet Do I Marvel POETRY 624 Any Human to Another 628 Claude McKay The Tropics in New York 632 Jean Toomer Storm Ending POEM 636 Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers 640 I, too, sing America POETRY 645 Arna Bontemps A Black Man Talks of Reaping POEM 648 FICTION Dorothy West The Richer, the Poorer SHORT STORY 652 NONFICTION Zora Neale Hurston How It Feels to Be Colored Me PERSONAL ESSAY 658 Alice Walker INSIGHTS: from The Resurrection of Zora Neale Hurston and Her Work SPEECH 663 W. E. B. Du Bois from The Souls of Black Folk ESSAY 666 Zora Neale Hurston from Their Eyes Were Watching God NOVEL EXCERPT 671 GUIDED WRITING 672 Imaginative Writing: Writing a Lyric Poem LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Effective Language UNIT REVIEW 680 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 680 Huckleberry Finn and Jim, c Thomas Hart Benton. xi

8 UNIT 9 Modern Drama ( ) INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 684 ECHOES: Quotations on Modern Drama 685 Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie PLAY 686 GUIDED WRITING 745 Literary Critique: Evaluating a Play or Film LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Extending Effective Use of Standard, Formal English UNIT REVIEW 754 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 755 UNIT 10 Postwar Literature ( ) INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 758 ECHOES: Quotations on Postwar Literature 764 Robert Lowell Commander Lowell POEM 765 Randall Jarrell The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner POEM 771 Gwendolyn Brooks To Black Women POEM 775 Theodore Roethke Elegy for Jane POEM 780 Flannery O Connor The Life You Save May Be Your Own SHORT STORY 784 Eudora Welty A Worn Path SHORT STORY 796 Eudora Welty INSIGHTS: Is Phoenix Jackson s Grandson Really Dead? NONFICTION 804 Bernard Malamud The Magic Barrel SHORT STORY 808 Richard Wright from Black Boy AUTOBIOGRAPHY 824 John Hersey A Noiseless Flash from Hiroshima LITERARY NONFICTION 830 Ralph Ellison from Invisible Man NOVEL EXCERPT 844 GUIDED WRITING 850 Persuasive Writing: Problem-Solution Essay LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Effective Use of Transitions UNIT REVIEW 858 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 859 Estate of Grant Wood/Licensed by VAGA, New York. Stone City, c Grant Wood. xii

9 UNIT 11 Early Contemporary Literature ( ) INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 862 ECHOES: Quotations on the Early Contemporary Era 868 Lawrence Ferlinghetti Constantly risking absurdity POEM 869 Anne Sexton The Starry Night POEM 874 Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays POEM 879 Sylvia Plath Morning Song POEM 883 Denise Levertov The Secret POEM 887 Elizabeth Bishop House Guest POEM 891 John Updike The Slump SHORT STORY 896 Joyce Carol Oates Journey SHORT STORY 902 John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address SPEECH 908 Joan Didion On the Mall ESSAY 915 Robert Hayden Frederick Douglass POEM 923 James Dickey For the Last Wolverine POEM 923 James Baldwin from Tell Me How Long the Train s Been Gone NOVEL EXCERPT 924 GUIDED WRITING 928 Informative Writing: Writing a Research Paper LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Effective Documentation UNIT REVIEW 938 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 938 UNIT 12 Contemporary Literature (1980 the Present) INTRODUCTION: Historical Background 942 ECHOES: Quotations on the Contemporary Era 948 Simon Ortiz Hunger in New York City POEM 949 Rita Dove Wingfoot Lake POEM 953 David Mura Huy Nguyen: Brothers, Drowning Cries POEM 958 Louise Glück Celestial Music POEM 964 xiii

10 Allan Gurganus Reassurance SHORT STORY 969 Julia Alvarez Daughter of Invention from How the García Girls Lost Their Accents NOVEL EXCERPT 980 Tim O Brien Ambush SHORT STORY 992 Kathleen Norris Seeing from Dakota ESSAY 998 Daniel J. Boorstin Why I Am Optimistic about America ESSAY 1004 Naomi Shihab Nye What Is Supposed to Happen POEM 1013 Toni Morrison from Beloved NOVEL EXCERPT 1013 GUIDED WRITING 1014 Informative Writing: Creating a Multimedia Presentation LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE: Effective Use of Visuals UNIT REVIEW 1020 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 1021 PART THREE Language Arts Survey A Handbook of Essential Skills 1 READING RESOURCE Introduction to Reading 1024 Reading for Experience 1024 Reading to Learn 1026 Reading for Information 1028 Developing Your Vocabulary SPEAKING AND LISTENING RESOURCE The Power of Communication 1086 Listening Skills 1087 Communicating with Others 1090 Communication Styles and Cultural Barriers 1092 Public Speaking WRITING RESOURCE Introduction to Writing 1034 Understanding the Writing Process LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE RESOURCE Language Handbook 1053 Grammar Handbook 1055 Subjects and Verbs: Problem Constructions 1061 Writer s Workshop: Building Effective Sentences 1064 Editing for Grammar and Usage Errors 1066 Parts of Speech Summary 1072 Style Handbook 1080 xiv 5 STUDY AND RESEARCH RESOURCE Thinking Skills 1101 Study Skills 1106 Research Skills 1107 Test-Taking Skills APPLIED ENGLISH RESOURCE The Importance of Applied English 1123 HANDBOOK OF LITERARY TERMS 1131 GLOSSARY OF WORDS FOR EVERYDAY USE 1159 INDEX OF TITLES AND AUTHORS 1169 INDEX OF SKILLS 1175 INDEX OF INTERNET SITES 1187 INDEX OF FINE ART 1189 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1191