Action Vehicle Action Surface Systems. -Exc. -Processing -Growth

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1 Action Vehicle Action Surface Systems FIT -LEO Cycler UH -Habs FIT -Lunar Cycler -Rovers FIT -Mars cycler -Cabs FIT -CAB -Power -Lander/Small/Larg e -ETO UH -Exc. -Processing -Growth Buzz: The purpose of the Buzz Aldrin Institute is to carry out the plans of CPOM. Attendees: UH - Space architecture program Purdue NASA - Mike Conway, part of new RG program Trent Smith Ralph ULA - Bernard Kutter Florida tech - Dan Kirk Greg - junior mech. Engineer Andy s introduction: Primary purpose of workshop is vehicle design. Why are we here? Develop a framework for a study we would like to do at the institute. It is a big architecture that goes over a long period of time including in-orbit and surface based systems. At the end of the day we want to provide our team with enough information on what this study is supposed to be on. Start with a few presentations that explain what the architecture consists of.

2 Bernard has an interesting piece on how ula is developing their approach and includes lunar based refueling systems. Sarag Saikia presentation: Outlined the history of Buzz s introduction of the cycles and Prof. Jim Longuski s work to support the validity of the cycles system and explained Purdue s role in supporting Buzz s system with their research. Buzz jumps in and explains the approach and similarities of the using the correct trajectory and line of sight approach in fighter pilot dog fight and applying that to lunar orbit rendezvous. We first start going to mars for a minimum amount of time early on due to the inability to support them. The cycler trajectories can also be mirrored in a way that a return trip to earth can be 5 months. Longuski/Landau research improved the old Aldrin cycler by looking at the real world numbers and calculated the data that has now improved the cycler. The introduction of 2 cyclers made the system redundant added opportunities to intercept the vehicle. Steve Squires reference of the benefit of having human intelligence in orbit, that could communicate to them, making the work that the rovers spirit and opportunity on Mars done over the period of 5 years could be done in one week. We need to settle on Mars and we need to see how economical we can make it. We should use lunar propellants to get there. Use L1 to communicate with surface systems and bring the ice to L1 The challenges of working on the far side of the moon, where temperatures are below 250 degrees c. Equipment does not operate effectively at those temperatures. that will be one of the challenges we face in the design and functionality of our surface systems. We need to figure out a way to bring these cyclers to earth faster. A cycler is a vehicle that goes through one or more gravitational fields. Sarag continued -- Explanation of overall architecture Explanation of surface systems on mars and specification of 1.5 meters of protection in vehicles and Habs for radiation protection. Requirement water extraction capability.

3 Back 2 Buzz - Asteriod redirect mission improvement improvements. Bringing a piece of an asteroid back to a DRO, better yet, bring the rock to a lunar stabilized orbit. Similar to what orbit would be used at Phobos Larry -- I don't mean to jump on Phobos but what I mean is that used to be an advocate for it, but landing on Phobos could portentially create a dust storm that will never settle. Andy -- it is a notion that is out there, but not a requirement in the architecture. Larry -- it could potentially be loitering place if conditions on the mars surface are unsafe for landing. Buzz -- the hydroponic people weren t able to come. Tell Christina/Glenna that buzz will go to the hotel for lunch Buzz wants to make a very big change in the architecture the change is. Make Purdue technical archive available to all. Possibly within a new workshop event on buzzaldrinspace.institute Possibly add google awesome table to event page Bernard Kutter Bernard Kutter - ULA, manages advanced programs How do we grow the Economy of space? 8 billion in launch 28 billion in satellites In the very near future we hope to see a larger investment in launch. BE-3 is flying on new Shepard BE-4 is in the assembly line Vulcan will be less than a 3rd of the cost of the delta IV heavy 8.4 meters will be the largest size you can fit on the Eric le. Refuel the stage in orbit. Does not return to earth. This avoids earth s deep gravity well. ACES Stared as a wide body centaur Need years of operation from it.

4 Pure hydrogen/oxygen system Got rid batteries and solar arrays 60-80KW of power handles cryos in space Can carry water from the lunar surface ZEUS - lunar surface access Lunar water -- found almost anywhere on the moon Extracted by taking oxygen from rocks & craters LEO cycler How do people get to the Orion vehicle? By using a CAB vehicle There is also a lander crew cab Andy talk -- assumptions ULA could charge $500 / kg that is sent from the moon Anything we put up needs to be capable of being lifted from earth on an eelv1 vehicle with an 8.4 meter ferrying. ULA s largest ferrying is currently 5.4m Trajectories -- will be what we ve seen in the earlier talk -- S1L1. Rendezvous with the cycler is inbound It would be in a highly elliptical orbit. We are still currently working on an abort scenario at Purdue. Comm. Let's assume that a Comm & Nav system is already in place Sarag -- with 4 comm satellites you can establish a regional gps, rather than a global gps systems at 24 satellites Laser comm will be used on Mars -- already proven on ISS Mars orbit to Earth

5 Specify what data bandwidth we will have NASA will be able to provide number requirements for power needs. Power first Reduce the mass that you are bringing with you as much as possible to reduce costs kilowatts is used on the ISS for 6 people We would potentially use 1-2 megawatts We can talk about what the requirements would be to produce 50% of your food. It can vary based on the crops of food you are growing. The goal for the colonists is to remain alive. Reality points -- there will need to be medical life support systems in place, people will die on these missions, you will need to bring body bags, procreation will happen. Rob Potter on radiation -- using a NASA available tool Antares software, you are able to determine the level of radiation exposure. By shielding your habitats with 50 cm? Of regolith to reduce the amount. Are there assumptions on landing sites? Is there a connection between the landing site and the amount of radiation exposure? Has anybody read any studies on the life expectancy when living on Mars? Technology insertion -- Dennis -- system reliability needs to be increased significantly. Nothing we currently have lasts for six years. Can we assume all the material we are going to need will be accessible on the surface of Mars. Assume that 90% of additive manufacturing will be required from surface materials. Concerns: The time to print a simple wrench would take 8 hours. Significant time demand Possibility of defective prints May need to lower this number Maximize use of vehicles and equipment that is brought Let's start making parts of systems that are falling apart.

6 This requires a new approach of building things in a way that they are accessible and not closed systems. Expendable recyclable systems could be an improving factor. Define what this is: What are the parts we need. Create a database Are there budget constraints? Building for commonality will be a challenge. Remanufacturing and recycling ability Reusability doesn't necessarily mean flying the vehicle again. This would mean repurposing Dennis -- requirements should be 40% recycle and 10% additive remanufacturing UH SICSA presentation Everything we see is designed for a one way mission p, so it is meant to remain on the surface. Designed using a 10m ferrying - designs will need to be scaled down, which reduces the habitat volume. Assuming that each vehicle carries people. Every trip we plan to send one hab down to the surface. Are there nominal numbers of ratio to growth, storage, and carried food? They will need to scale back to 6 people every 2 synodic periods. By doing this, we are able to allocate an entire habitat for food growth. HOTEL (hab w/ inflatable position on top) The inflatable can weighs approximate the same as rigid can, but saves on volume. Nuclear power 2.8km distance from colony to remove its line of sight Currently do not have power numbers Andy notes

7 A lot of the presented concepts are great. We need to establish a functional allocation matrix of each of the steps in this architecture, outline the vehicles used, and assign which groups will specialize in those areas. Draft Example of matrix