ااد- ا ار

Transcription

1 1

2 The history of writing ر ا ا word ا meaning 1 record write down for other people to read ا ا ان ا اس ا 2 ا! communicate ا%ء #ت give information 3 symbol ر& written sign which stands for something else ر& ب وا,ي *( )ء آ 4 trade 0 رة Business / buying and selling ارة / ا 4 اء وا represent )* # / )* 5 ء mean / stand for 6 combine 6 put together / join with 1 1* / 7# precious 2*: 92 ذو *2 / وي ا 2) ا*ل valuable / worth a lot of money Human beings have been writing their languages for over five thousand years. The methodology started in Mesopotamia* /messpstimia/ in about 3000 BCE, when people living in the region developed a kind of writing to transcribe and pass on information. The Mesopotamians used pictograms mainly to communicate economic information, for example about crops and money. Gradually, these pictures became a system of cuneiform /kju:nifo:m/ symbols which were scratched on blocks of clay with reeds. This system emerged in Sumer in southern Iraq. > Aن 43ا 3 ن 9B0>C >)A > >* اف.>? ا?<ب <أ > *2*232>2 (< Eد 2> (>Bا F <ا >3 > وا< Gل ا*#<ت. ا* >2 2*2 ن >?) ن < Eد > 2> > طروا >H > ا %*ا ا* E2 د اس 2Aا اB) ا?#*ا ا3 Jاف (ا ا Gر) 4 ر 25 Gل ا*#ت ا Gد L?23 ا*(<ل F <ل ا*K!<2 <?< ظB < وا*ل. ر 6 ھ,ه ا Gر ا! M2 PHم از ا**ر وا HM4 A L ط 22 3Gت. ھ<,ا ا P <م ب ا#اق. Only certain people knew how to write, and for thousands of years, professional writers called scribes wrote about daily life and trade. Cuneiform gave countries of the ancient world a way of transcribing their history. At about the same time, another system based on pictures, or hieroglyphics, developed in Egypt. ن?< Uن A 3 <ا < ا 2K <ة وا<رة K2 A ب W 2 اس ا V2A 3 ن و*ة اف ا2 ا22. ا**ر ا% M ان ا#9 ا9 ط ا Gل 0 <ر 9BU. و< F <ا ا X>YH <M PH <م < ا*< <L ا< Gر او 0 %رت G. ا 2BوEJ 2 In about 1500 BCE, Chinese scribes started writing on tortoise shells using a system of characters similar to those which Chinese people still use today. Characters represent words, so people have to learn to recognize thousands of characters before they can read even a simple story. Traditionally, the Chinese write with a brush and ink. 2

3 << F <<ا 3<< 1500 ا*<< E2 د ا?<< Uن ا<< 22Gن << 5 ا ا << <<L!<<ت VFE>>ا?<<#*ل PH <<م ا?<<ت ا*B4 Z ا ا ن ا 22Gن زاا BH*# ا 2 م. ا?ت 0*( ا *ت,Z اس 9B2 ان #*ا #<ن V>2A و 3F. Y )ة 3 ن اف ا?ت 3 ان % 2 #ا اءة د 2Gة. G 02 ا 22Gن The Phoenicians pioneered the alphabet, a system in which each letter signifies a sound, and letters are amalgamed to make words. ا *ت. د B 9 ا 2Y 2 ن إ وا ا[, PHم ا,ي 2` A Fف 23!ت وا Kوف The Roman alphabet, which has twenty-six letters, is an improved form of the Phoenician alphabet. Most European countries have been utilising this alphabet since they were part of the Roman Empire two thousand years ago. 9>P# ا 3 <ان ا[ورو 2 < U>0 ھ<,ه >( >K > ا[<. >222Yا و< 4 ون F < ھ M>? >B2 ا[< او 2H < >ا ا[, ان H Aا &ء ا 3eاطر او 2H أ2Y 3?. The written form of Arabic, which people have been using since the 4th century CE, is the second most widely used alphabet in the world. It is used throughout the Arab world and is al so the basis of other forms of cursive writing such as Malay, Urdu and Persian. Unlike systems based on the Roman alphabet, Arabic is written from right to left. It has twenty-eight letters. Like Chinese,Arabic writing is a precious art from as well as a practical method of communication اا 1 # ا* E2 د ھ H: أ 4 وا? 1 2)Aة اe?#*ل. 9#ا 4ا *ا ب 2# ا,ي اس ` H*#, ان <X و# و#* A أ KHء ا#9 ا# وأ 8 <ة ا[)< ل ا[<ى < ا* <G (< ا* Eو< واوردو وا Yر?< 2. و*(< 22G>ا.>F و< 4 ون :*<ن ا[ PH * ا *#0 L ا[ او 2H 2#ا 9 BA 2*2ا L>إ ا 2 <ر. >Bو G0Eل. Lا ا?ب *#ا g 92 ا 2#ا ھ ( ا Questions:- 1 According to paragraph one, why did the Mesopotamians use pictograms? - و Y ة او L *ذا ا? Uم? ن Eد 2 اB ا Gر ا 2K2g symbols 2 What kind of people knew how to write cuneiform - Hع اس ا, ا A از ا**ر characters 3 How did the Arabs write their - V2A Aن ا#ب 3 ن رزھ 9 4 Find a word in the first paragraph which means " written sign which stands for something else " 5 According to paragraph two, what did professional writers / scribes write about? - و Y ة ا: 2 ذا ja ا ب ا* K 2 6 According to paragraph three, what did the Chinese use to write their letters? - و رة ذا ادم ان اروف 7 According to paragraph one, what did the Mesopotamians write on instead of paper? 3

4 - و رة واد ذا ادم ن د ن ا رن! ا د# ن اورق 8 - What does the underlined pronoun " they " in the paragraph five, line 2 refer to? ا Y ة ا U they L ذا #د ا8*2 9 Find a word in the first paragraph which means " give information ". أو A* ا[و L ا Y ة ن #ھ... ات-: Answers 1- to communicate economic information. 2 scribes 3- Arabic is written from right to left. 4- symbols. 5- about daily life and trade 6- Chinese scribes started writing on tortoise shells using a system of characters similar to those which Chinese people still use today. 7- blocks of clay with reeds. 8- Most European countries 9- communicate 4

5 ا word ا meaning 1 %م-: collide hit with force 2 cushion:- Gا make an accident less painful 3 decrease:- reduce / go down 4 disappear:- L(E exist no longer 5 inflate:- ky become full اس اا Airbags Airbags protect car drivers and passengers if they are involved in an accident. Most modern cars have a driver's airbag in the steerin g wheel, and another for the front seat passenger. Some cars also have side airbags fitted in the seats, and a few even have airbags which are released from behind the driver to protect people in the back seats. ا 2 رات وا* اذا ھ 9 وو Bا Kدث. #9P ا 2 رات اK( B2<?5 K0* ا 2Aس ا Bا 25 و? 5 ھا 25 5 ا 2 دة و U0 ى *?Y ا*# ا. #<7 ا< 2 رات ا< 8 B< ا 2A <س >*K ا 2Aس ھا 25 وا %0 > V> 5>ا B2 LF وا 7#3 ھا 25 23H &ودة *ا.2YUا اس *ا Airbags inflate in less than a second when a car collides with something solid, like another vehicle or a building. They cushion the people in the car and stop them from bumping into dangerous objects such as the steering wheel. Since cars have had airbags, the number of serious car injuries has decreased dramatically. ky 0 ا[ 2Aس ا Bا 25 > أ > > >2H: G> 0 %م >?< 2 رة < 4 ء j>! >) > ا<ى او.> اBH < >*K0 ا)< Uص ا*د ا 2 رة و 9B#*0 ار 0 %م ) 2 ء ا 2%Uة ( ا 2 دة. * ان ا 2 رات B2 ا 2Aس ھا 25 < <ن.23A 4 M د ا!ت ا 2 رات ا 2%Uة Smoke!" اا alarms In the past, before the invention of smoke alarms, many people died in their homes, not because of flames, but because they inhaled lethal smoke while they were sleeping. This is because most fires happen at night.! ا(! )ل إراع * ارا+ق ا.دد ن اس وا! ز م س 1 ب ا 1 ران 1 ن 0 1 م إ 4 وا دن )ل ھم وا و ن. ھذه 0 ن أر اران دث! ال. However, it is now possible for people to buy inexpensive smoke alarms which they can fit themselves. Like alarm clocks, they are loud enough to wake sleepers and give them enough time to escape. The best place for a smoke alarm is at the top of stairs or in halls and corridors. Some smoke alarms are so sensitive that fumes from cooking can activate them, so they should not be installed in or near kitchens. Inventions that keeps us secure ا'ا&ت!% ا$ء >; اي ل ا* ن ان ا#ن س ان 4 روا * را+ق رص اذي ن ان م. ل * ا>ت 1 ذات وت >ل #ض ا+ن و م او)ت ا! 1 روب. ا 1 ن ا# 1 (ل 1* ارا+ 1 ق ھ 1 و 1! ا> 1 ; ا 1 درج او 1! 5

6 ا>ت او! ارات..ض ت ارا+ق Aدا ث ان اد اط C ن ان. ذك Aب ان # ر 1 ب 1! او رب ن اط C. ا(&) Vaccinations A vaccination is a medical treatment which can prevent people from catching serious diseases and stop these diseases from spreading to large numbers of people. Many childhood diseases, which were common in the past, have disappeared because of the mass vaccination of babies. When doctors vaccinate people, they are infecting them with a very weak solution of the disease they want to prevent. This helps the body to fight the disease in the future. Many vaccinations last for a whole lifetime. اط.م ھو.A ط ا! ط E ان E اس ن ا م 1 راض ط 1 رة و E1 ھذه ا#راض ن ا# 4 ر ا; ا>داد رة ن ا 1 س. ا.د 1 د 1 ن ا 1 راض اطو 1 ا1! 1 ت 4 رة! ا(! )د 4 ت ب اط.م ا 41 ل ط 1 ل. > 1 د ا#ط 1 ء ط. 1 ون ا 1 س ھم و م ل (.ف Aدا رض اذي ردون.*. ھ 1 ذا 1 >د ا 1Aم ر 1 ا 1 رض! ال. ا.دد ن اط>م دوم دى اة. ا Questions 1 Who do car airbags protect?,ا 9B2*K0 ا 2Aس ا Bا 25 2 Where is the best position in a house or flat for smoke alarms? - ا ھ ا* ن ا 8 اM23 او ا%n 1g اH,ارات اد ا) Uص everyone? 3 Why are smoke alarms accessible to F ا H,ار *ذا ا B &ة 4 How have some common childhood diseases ااض اط Yل? disappeared M(E0 V2A 5. Why shouldn't smoke alarms be installed in or near kitchens? ذا # Aب ت اA زة ا#ذار! او رب اط C 6- How can a vaccination help people be healthy? Or What are the benefits of a ف ھم اط>م! >دة اس 4 ل! / وا+ده vaccination? 7- Find a word which means "existed no longer". Answers:- 1- car drivers and passengers if they are involved in an accident. 2- The best place for a smoke alarm is at the top of stairs or in halls and corridors. 3- it is now possible for people to buy inexpensive smoke alarms which they can fit themselves. 4- because of the mass vaccination of babies. 5- Some smoke alarms are so sensitive that fumes from cooking can activate them, so they should not be installed in or near kitchens. 6- When doctors vaccinate people, they are infecting them with a very weak solution of the disease they want to prevent. This helps the body to fight the disease in the future. 7- disappeared 6

7 ا word ا meaning 1 avoid j escapej 2 erupt Y explode / throw out rock 3 generate produce / make / create 4 collect 1* hold and save 5 protect *K make safe / guard 6 design 9*G think of plan and draw 7 impact :p shock/powerful effect People have always tried to avoid natural threats; for example, we do not live too close to a river that floods, or on the side of a volcano that may erupt. Scientists cannot stop these threats completely, but there are things they can do to make them less dangerous. اس ووا دا+ ان دوا ا ددات اط. >; ل ال ن #.ش )ر Aدا ن ا ر ا 1 ذي 1 ض او >1; A 1 ب رن اذي )د Aر. ا.ء # ط.ون اف ھذه ا ددات ل ن ھك ا 4 ء ط.ون ام A. ا)ل طرا. Rivers flood when the water level rises too high and the river overflows its banks. The Nile flooded for thousands of years until the Aswan High Dam was built in The dam stops the flooding and generates electric power. It also collects water during the rainy season so that people have water when there is a drought. ا# ر ض >د وى اه زداد ا; ارع >ل وا ر ض >; Aوا 1 *. 1 ر ا 1 ل 1 ض ##ف ا 1 ن 1; 1 م 1 ء د اوان ا.!! اد او)ف ا(ن وود ط) ر+. ا* ا( E1A ا 1 ه 1 ل او 1 م اط 1 ري 1 ذك ا 1 س ون اه >د ون ھك A ف. A different system protects London from flooding by the River Thames. High tides can bring too much water up the River Thames and this could flood the city. To protect London, the Thames Barrier was built. When there is a high tide, 'walls' come up out of the river to stop the high water from reaching the city. Natural threats and disasters ا,,ات واارث ا(! ظم ف! دن ن ا(ن ر از. اد ا.1! 1 ن ان 1Aب 1 ه 1 رة >1; 1 ر ا 1 ز وھ 1 ذا 1 ن ان 1Kرق اد. دن دود از م م +. >د ون ھك د >! "ا 1Aدران" 1A!ء 1 وق ا 1 ر E1 ا 1 ه ا.1 1 ن اوول ا; اد. 7

8 It would probably be impossible to design a building that would be completely safe in the most serious earthquake. It would also be very expensive. Instead of this, engineers design buildings which will not fall down when the earth shakes. There are two main ways of doing this: buildings are built on springs or rollers, so that when the earth shakes, the building itself moves a little. Another method is to use building materials that reduce the impact of an earthquake. د ن ا* ن ال م وا! ون ا 1 1 ن از 1 زال ا# 1 ر ط 1 ورة. ا 1 1 ت ا1( L1 1Aدا. د# ن ذك ا دن ون ت ا! 1 ن 1 ط > 1 د ا#رض 1 ز. ھ 1 ك ط 1 رن ر+ 1 ن 1! ا 1 م 1 ذك: ا 1 ت ا! ; >; اواض او ا 1 رات 1 ذك > 1 د ا#رض 1 ز ا 1 ت 1 1 رك )1. اطر 1 ا# 1 رى و ا 1.ل 1 واد اء ا! ل ار اززال. Throughout history, natural disasters have killed and injured human beings and damaged the cities and buildings they live in. Humans cannot prevent these disasters, but we have learned to recognise the incredible power of nature. >ر ار C اوارث اط. )د )ت وAرت ا 4 ر ودرت ادن وات ا!. 4 ون. ا 4 ر م ط.وا E ھذه اوارث ن د. ان.رف وة ادھ 4 ط.. ا- - Questions: 1. What have people always tried to avoid? ذا Fول اس دا 5 * ان 3 ا 2. According to paragraph two, when was the Aswan High Dam built? 2H)ا L? ا?ان ا*دا L ا Y ة 3. According to paragraph two, what does the Aswan High Dam generate? ا*دا L ا Y ة ا(2H ذا? ا?ان ا#ل 4. Write down the name of the river mentioned in paragraph three. اA j ا? 9 اB ا,ي ذ A ا Y ة ا((. 5. What does the underlined pronoun "they ", in paragraph one, refer to? 6. Find a word in paragraph one which means " explode ". 7. In the last paragraph, why was the Thames Barrier built? اة ا 2 ة *ذا ء 90?ود BH ا*& ا.ت Answers:- 1. People have always tried to avoid natural threats. 2. In It generates electric power. 4. River Thames. 5. scientists. 6. erupt. 7. It was built to protect London from floods. 8

9 Ballpoint pens; a short history ا 34 م ذات اأس اوي ر 64 ا word ا meaning 1 altitude ار Y0 ع height above the ارضground 1Y0 2 amazed ھr very surprised 3 ر eventually6 in the end 4 ريinstant Immediate 5 ط loose2 moving too freelyk Kك 6 process 2* method / system 7 ورrevolve go round 8 socketx3 *ا ن ا t2f ه hole where ball revolves 0 ور 9 tight2g unable to move در 2J L AKا 10 transfer move from one place to another Kك ن In the early 1940s, a Hungarian journalist called Laszlo Biro visited a newspaper office. He watched the production process and was amazed by how quickly the printing ink dried on the paper. It was then that Biro decided to design a pen which used quick-drying ink instead of the normal ink which traditional pens used and which took a long time to dry. اوا 5 ار# 22 ت YK! ھ Cري L ز 2 و زار j ة. ھ< )<ھ *2< ا H <ج و Aن ھ 4? 2Y2 Yف ا3%<L 3F ا<رق. و< ھ< 2 <و <ر ان <G*9 *< ا<,ي `*#0 وا,ي Cق و Uم V2Yا 3F 1ا 3Kا #23%ا ا,ي ا Eم 2ا ط E V2. In 1943, Laszlo and his brother, who was a chemist, produced the first 'biros'. The pens became an instant success - mainly because the ink dried quickly and they were stronger than normal ink pens, but also because they worked in planes at high altitude. Two years later, an American company produced similar pens, but because of the tech nology involved, these first ballpoint pens were very expensive at $10 each. و <م <&و وا 2 <` ا<,ي ھ< 2A*2<5 اH < اول " 2 <وس". ا < Eم ا!< MK3 <4 HK 3 )ة- 4 ر 25 ن ا3K V و BH < M>HA ا <ى < ا < Eم ا3K< ا#د< و ا 8 M* BH ا% 5 ات L ارY0 <ع )<ھ. ># 2>? A>( ا?< 2H3 ا >H 6 ا >E <ا ب 10 دورات >2J M>HA ھ<,ه ا < Eم او< L 2 ا*%< :* و > j3> ا ا F. 9

10 In 1949, the first cheap ballpoint pens were produced in France by Marcel Bich. These 'Bic' pens eventually sold on the American market for only 10 cents each. The Bic company has been successfully making ballpoint pens ever since then. M>#2 > ا<ق <ر 6 (Bic)مE> ھ<,ه ا.Z2 ر? 2 3 H اH M 1949 اول ا Eم (ballpoint) G2ا 10?ت ا F. Bic A( اH M ح ا Eم, ballpoints Zذ.2Kا ا W The most important part of a ballpoint pen is the ball. As it moves across a piece of paper, the ball revolves in its socket and transfers quick-drying ink on to the paper. This mechanism is very important. If the ball is too tight in the socket, the ball will not move. If it is too loose, the ink will dry up. Ballpoint pens can write in many different situations, but they cannot write upside down, because the ink needs gravity to move down on to the bal. 1>? و 0 < >3Kا B>3 > ا&ء ا A ( اھ* 2 Eم (balloint) ھ ا ة >BH K0 <ك >3 >#% > ا<رق ا <ة 0 <ور ا Yف L ارق. ھ,ه ا 2 * ا. اذا ا ة 2g ا B3 ا ة 0 Kك. اذا MHA ط 2 ن ا3K?V2. ا Eم > >3Kا K <ج اذ 2 < 2 K <ك ا< L B 12%0 ان j 0 Lا #ا ا*ا YU*ا 1 ان j 0 * (ballpoint) ا? Y اL ا ة. ا Questions 1. According to paragraph one, what amazed Laszio Biro when he watched the production process of ا*دا L ا Y ة او L *ذا اذھ ز )ھ اH ج ا 23 وس. biros? 2. According to paragraph two, when were the first "biros" produced? ا*دا L ا Y ة ا(2H L 90 اH ج اول ا Eم 2 روس 3- According to paragraph three, in which country were Bic pens first produced? ا*دا L ا Y ة ا(( أي دو 90 اH ج ا Eم " اZ3" ول ة 4. According to paragraph four, what is the most important part of a ballpoint pen? ا*دا L ا Y ة اا# ھ اھ 9 &ء ا Eم ا 3 M3 5. According to paragraph four, what will happen if the ball is too loose in the socket? ا*دا L ا Y ة اا# ذا GK2? ة اذا MHA ط 2 ا* X3 6. Find a word in paragraph two, which means "immediate". 7. What does the underlined word "which", in paragraph one, refer to? Answers: ت ا 1. He was amazed by how quickly the printing dried on paper. 2. In 1943) 3. In France 4. The ball 5. The ink will dry up 6. Instant 7. A pen 10

11 Letters to the mountains ر 9 إ ا 7!ل Not everyone in the world has a computer. This means that many people cannot use the Internet or send s, and have to write and post letters in the traditional way. But the posta l authorities in Himachal Pradesh, a state in the north of India, have introduced a new service for their customers which is a combination of traditional mail and . People write their letters, then take them to their local post office. There, they are copied then sent by to post offices in other parts of the country. Here, the s are printed out and taken by the postman to their correct addresses. < ه F?<ب. ھ<,ا > # < xن >#ا > ا<س <% 2 #ن > 9>#ا wu>( >A X2 إ? << # *ل اHe M>>H أ و?<<ن ا*<< E2 ت و <<j أ ن 3 <<ا و?<<ا ا?<<5 % << Pradesh Himachal وھ و )<*ل >Bا ا%ت 3ا. 2ا <M < <ة &B 5< ا< وF <ت ا3< ا2< ي و اe وH <. ا<س 3 <ن ر? 9B5 x <, و BH 9: L>إ j> <ھ 9 >K*ا. ھ<ك 9> 9>: BU>H >0 >? ا?<% > أ<&اء أ<ى > ا< E3 د. ھ< 5>?ا >3ا اe و H Lإ j0 >3ا 3 اe و 2H 13 % 0 وx 0,? 3 3ا Lإ و B. K2KGا Some of these letters, however, which are addressed to very remote places like the Himalayas, have to be taken by hand to their destinations. They are carried by 'mail runners' who travel long distances on foot, often through mountains or other very difficult areas. These postmen, who wear special uniforms and carry a mailbag and a bell, were introduced by the Indian post office over 150 years ago. There are now over 1600 "mail runners' in the state of Himachal Pradesh. إ 0 ھ B 0 <. L>إ >2 أ ن,>p0 j> 7# ھ,ه 5?ا L أ Fل ا ھ `H # Lإ ا A # 2 ة <ا >) 3 <ل >E*Bا وھ K* ' 3 ا 5 ا3" ا<,ي <ز ون ا*<ت ا%< <24 <L ا[ <ام < أj>J ا[ 2F <ن < < Eل ا 3 <ل أ و ا3< و<س 0<9 F5<j *<ن و K < ا*<ط ا<3#G <ا ا<ى. ھ< pء?<#ة ا3< ا<, 3 <ن ا[ز<ء ا?<*2 اU! 9B*0 j 3 3ا ا Bي 3 أA (.? 150 ھك اzن L 1600 "ا 5 و. Pradesh Himachal People in remote villages get very excited when they hear the postman's bell because they know that letters are coming for them. But the runners bring more than letters. They also bring news from other villages and from the outside world. Often runners also have to read letters to people because many of the villagers in these areas cannot read. # <ن < xن ا?<5 9>BH] اس ا ى ا2#3 ة FYن ا *#ن 2F س? ا3< د` أ9B. ا#ا 25 3 ن أA ( ر? 5. ھ 9 ا 8 3 ن أ 3 ر ى اى و < ا#9 ا Uر. J3 L ا#ا 5 ن أ 8 أ ن أوا ا?5 إL اس [ن ا# < ا<و 2 < ھ,ه ا*ط 0 #2% ن ا اءة. 11

12 ا- Questions 1- According to paragraph one, In which part of India is Himachal Pradesh? ا*دا L ا Y ة او L ي &ء اB 01 ھ 4*2 ل اد r 2- According to paragraph one, Why cannot many people use the internet or send s? ا*دا L ا Y ة او L *ذا 12% ا# اس ا?#*ل ا H MH او ار?ل ا* E2 ت 3- According to paragraph one, how are people's traditional letters sent by mail? ا*دا L ا Y ة او L 9 V2A ار?ل ا?5 ا2 س ا?% ا* 2 4- According to paragraph two, who takes the printed s to very remote areas? ا*دا L ا Y ة ا(2H x, ا* E2 ت ا*3% اL ا A ا 2#3 ة ا 5- According to paragraph two, how many runners are there in Himachal Pradesh? ا*دا L ا Y ة ا(2H د 9A ا#ا 225 ھ 4*2 ل اد r 6- According to paragraph three, Why do people in remote villages get very excited when they hear the postman's bell? ا*دا L اة ا(( *ذا Yح اس اى ا 2#3 ة *#ن س? ا 3 7- According to paragraph three, Why do runners have to read letters to many of the villagers? ا*دا L ا Y ة ا(( *ذا j ا H2F L ا#ا 225 ان 5 ا ا?5 # او 2 8- What does the underlined pronoun " they in paragraph two refer to? 9- Find a word in paragraph which means " people who live in villages". ا.ت Answers 1 a state in, the north of India) 2-Not everyone in the world has a computer) 3-they are copied) 4-mail runners ) 5-600) 6- because they know that letters are coming for them 7 because many of the villagers in these areas cannot read 9- villagers 12

13 A fight for survival ا 6 اع "; ا 9 ا!%ء ا word ا meaning (ط / ر / ولabout 1 approximately not exactly / roughly / س 2 decreasing getting smaller أ Kر M ن ث.ش وات 3 natural habitat place where animals live 4 crops plants that farmers grow for food ازرو>ت ا! ازار>ن زر>و Kذاء 5 shelter protection from the weather and enemies ن اطس وا 0 >داء طرdanger 6 threat / دري 7 aggressive violent / destructive >ف وال اوAود 8 survival continued existence Orangutans once lived all over south-east Asia, but now are only found in the wild on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Ten years ago there were approximately forty thousand orangutans in the wild. There are now less than twenty thousand, and this number is decreasing every year. <&ر ر 2H < و?<%ة. >3 4> > >3ا > > W> أ KHء ب )ق آ?< 2 > اzن 12* ذات ة M( ادة?. A?ات Aن ھك 03 أر#ن أV د ا3. ھك اzن أ 4 ون أV وھ,ا ا#د w The natural habitat of orangutans is the forest, but the forests themselves are in danger. Every year thousands of acres of trees are cut down for wood and to give farmers new land to grow their crops. Also, serious fores t fires destroyed large areas of forest in the 1990s. Orangutans depend on the forest for shelter and food and need large areas to find insects and fruit to eat..% A? اف Bا <رات > ا[)<ر >0 w > >ا j4>uا ا BYH ا Cت ھ Cا دة إن {23ا 2#23%ا و e %<<ء ا*<<&ار 2 ارض <<ة &<<دة.9B2>>!K أ<< 8 Fا 5 << ا C <<ت ا 2%U <<ة <<ط M>>* %F 23A <<ة << اC<< << A. ا# 22 ت. #0* ادة L اC *x وا C,اء وK0 ج ط 23Aة eد ا 4Kات وا BAY For poor people living in these areas, orangutans can bring in money, but can also be a threat. Because of the reduction in the size of the forests where they live, orangutans now eat some of the crops that the farmers grow. So it is common for people to kill adult orangutans to protect their crops, and to kidnap and sell baby orangutans as pets. But as adults, they can be 13

14 aggressive and difficult to keep. > أن j0 ا*ل * أ 8 أن ن >2ا j3.b0 دة,ا # 42 ن ھ,ه ا*ط * س ا Y اء 3 9F ا Cت # 42 ن t2f Ax0 ادة ان 8# ا*K!2 ا ا*&ار 2 &ر BH <. <,ا H<` < ا#<دي <س أن <ا > >BH > > 0 <ن 23A <ة >Y%ا ا< 2CGة 2KAاH <ت.>Y2أ ا 23 ة >*K 9B2>!K و Y%U <ن و 23 #<ن ا<دة ادة ا** ان ن 0 وا 2H ` و! 3# أن 3 ا B2. Several charity organisations are working to save the orangutans of Borneo and Sumatra. They take in unwanted pets and animals which have been kidnapped, prepare them for a new life in the wild, then set them free. The work of these charities is expensive, but is taking a difference to the survival of the orangutan. << ة P *<<ت 2<< #0*<< K*<< <<دة ر 2H << و?<<%ة. x <<,ون ا 2KاH <<ت ا2C<< J<< وا 2KاH <<ت ا<< 0<<9 ا% B << > اH <` V>U > >*K و p2bو BH 2Kة ة >3ا 9>: 9> K0 ھ<. إن >* ھ<,ه ا* P *<ت >2Uا <ھ 7 *)>ا ادة. 1- Where did orangutans use to live? 2- What kind of places are Borneo and Sumatra? 3- How long has it taken for the population of wild orangutans to decrease by half? 4- Why do people cut down the forests? 5- In what other way have forests been destroyed? 6- Why do people kill adult orangutans? 7- What do they do with baby orangutans? 8- Why aren't adult orangutans easy to keep as pets? 9- What do the charity organisations do with the baby orangutans before they set them free? 1 According to paragraph one, where did orangutans use to live? 2 According to paragraph two, why are thousands of acres of trees cut down every year? 3 According to paragraph two, what is the natural habitat of orangutans? 4 According to paragraph two, why do orangutans depend on the forest? 5 According to paragraph three, why do people kill adult orangutans? 6 According to paragraph three, why aren t adult orangutans easy to keep as pets? 14

15 7 Find a word in paragraph one which means " getting smaller" 8 What does the underlined pronoun "their" in paragraph three refer to? The War of the Worlds $ب ا ا) One day in 1894 I saw a brilliant light on Mars. Scientists had also seen lots of explosions on the planet. They did not know it, but Martian spaceships had taken off. They were planning to attack Earth. ا F ام 1894 را M gء را #5 L ا*k. ا#*ء ا 8 )ھوا ا (2 < #ھ<< >> Y>>? >>2U >> ا.M>># H>>Aا 9>> ا YH <<رات L>> ا j>>a.ھ<< 9 U %%ن *B* ارض. A colony of Martians wanted to move to Earth because it was warmer than Mars and a better place to live. Martian technology was much more advanced than ours. But the Martians were not friendly creatures: they wanted to destroy Earth and eat all the people. اA (< MHA 2U*ا 2.r2# ا #*ة 22U*ا ارادوا ان Fا Lا ارض BH MHA اد x k*ا و ن 8ا 0 %را * H. ا* 2Uن Aن U ت 2J ودودة اراداوا ان K %*ا ارض و Axا A اس. 15

16 16 A few days later, a Martian spaceship landed in the south of England. Amazed people came to watch. They tried to communicate with the Martians; they tried speaking and sent signals, but the Martians did not understand. A Martian climbed out of the spaceship and took one of the people, a shop assistant, who started to scream. Then the Martians used a special gun to kill all the people watching. I was the only man who escaped. I went straight to my village to tell people. "I've seen creatures from Mars," I said, "they have landed near here and they have killed many people," but no one believed me. So I went to London and told the newspapers there. They just laughed at my story. # ام 2?2Y 2U ھM%3 ب ا H ا. اس أ 0 ا *ا 3. ھ 9 Fوا ان Gا 1 ا* 22U ھ 9 F <وا ا K <ث وار?ل ا)رات ا*22U 9 BY *ا. U ج ا*3A وأ Z Fx ا<س وھ< < < ا<,ي <أ ا< Gاخ. >2Fا ا<,ي ھ<ب. ذھM>3 3 )<ة L>ا A اس,ا HAا ا 3 ن. >ا MA! FE? ا?#*ا # Zذ ا* 2Uن ا #ا اس" > اF < ھ و M " ھ 9 ھ 3 %ا ب را M ت U "k*ا 3 اس. " ا.G L ا Kg W ن وا 3 ت VKGا ھك. ھ 9 ذھM3 Lا Z,.! Then a second spaceship landed. This time soldiers came to the area. I could hear fighting and took my wife to a safe place, then I went to see what was happening. I saw an enormous Martian fighting machine. Soldiers tried to destroy the fighting machine with guns, but the guns had no effect. The fighting machine shot the soldiers, and with its advanced technology, killed most of them. 258 اى ھM%3. # ذZ اد أ 0 ا اL ا*%. ا?%# M ان ا?* 1 ال وا,ت زو اL ن آ< #<?2Y # ذZ ذZ ذھM3 )ھ Aن Kث. را M ا` ل 2U ھ 5. اد Fوا ان K %*ا ا` 3 دق ا 3 دق 9 < B< أ:<..9B*P# M اط M ار و B2 *ا آ ال In London, I saw five fighting machines, and hid in an old building. The fighting machines fired a black gas that killed all the soldiers who were trying to stop them. The people of London were frightened by this terrible event and started to leave the city. ن را M *X ات 2 وا MY *. ات ا2 اط M Jز ا?د ا,ي A ا<د ا<, A <ن K <ون ا 9B. اس ن HAا 23#0 Kث V2U*ا وأوا * Cدرة ا*. Thousands of people left on bikes, by train and on foot. Some people went to other countries by boat. But I stayed in London because I wanted to find my wife. I hid in another building, hoping I would be safe, but a spaceship landed on top and it collapsed, trapping me in a room inside. From the room, I could see the Martians close up. I saw them picking up people and putting them in baskets. I watched the Martian creatures for a long time. They communicated by thinking and drank the blood of people. More and more Martian spaceships landed in England, and more and more people died, They were winning the war of the worlds... آف اس Jدروا L ارات ا Bا 25 %ر و L ا ام. 7# اس ذھ 3 ا اL دول اى رب. < 2<M < <ن H اردت ان ا زو. ا 3 ت اى MA آ ان ا Aن xن?2y 258 ھM>%3 ا*< <L واBH <رت و < أH <?< Eل. < < د< J<. < اC< ا?<%# M ان ا)<ھ ا*<22U <ن. رأ< 9B %<ن ا<س و< 8 #ھ 9 0GF ھM>%3 2U<?<Y <A( را ا*U M3 ت ا*2U M ط. ھ 9 HAا و!ن Y 2 و HAا 4 ن دء ا<س. أA (< ا H ا واA ( A( اس 0 ا. ھ 9 HAا 3 ن Fب ا#ا 9... I had eaten all the food in the room and had drunk all the drink. I had to leave the room, even though I knew it was dangerous. I walked alone through the streets of London and saw the destruction of the city. Then I heard a strange noise coming from one of the fighting machines that

17 had fallen to the ground. Inside, I saw a dead Martian. I walked through the streets and saw that all the Martians had died. The Martians had invented spaceships to attack Earth, and had used technology to kill people. But their bodies were not prepared for Earth's illnesses. They had no cure and they all died. A <ن `>H ا<ا % 2 <ا. M> اH < 9J> L>F و) M A ا 4 اب. A <ن > > ان اJ <در >Cا أMA A ا%#م Cا M%>? >ا M24 و Fي 3 )ارع ن ورا M در.*ا # Zذ 0 0x 3J 0! M#*? ا F ات >2ا L ارض. وا B را M 2. 2U 3 M24 ا 4 ارع ورا M ا*22U A 0 ا. ا* 2Uن اوا 3Aت 258 اس. ادھ 9 9 B &ة 0 اض ارض. 2 ارض وا? Uا ا *B* "I have seen the destruction of London, but I have also seen the Martians die," I told the people I met. The news of the Martians' destruction went around England. I left London and went back to my house in the country. It was empty. Then I heard a noise in the garden. I looked out of the window and saw my wife. She was alive and safe. I felt fantastic. But my worries had not all disappeared. M>A0 إ H ا. و! M "رأ M در ن رأ M ا*22U أ 8 * 0 ن "أ 3 ت اس ا, 9B. أ 3 ر در ا*22U > 2F M>HA ورأ< M زو<. PH <ت > ا<,ة 9>: M#*>? gg <ء >.>Kا.>2 M>HA >.ا 2 ن وت Lإ وآ. و)#ت )#را را #5. Uو د. BA There are important lessons to learn from the Martian attack on Earth. We have kept a Martian body and put it in the History Museum. Now Man will have to try to go into space. It is important that men go to the places that the Martians have already visited. If we do not get the technology that the Martians already have, perhaps the Martians will attack again. ھك دروس B* #*B < ا B <م ا*U< <L ا[رض. أF PY < U< <9 ووg <#ه < V>K ا< xر k. اzن ا H <ن >ا ا >B? K2 ول دل ا 8Yء. 9B*ا 43ا L ان,ھ 3 ا Lإ ا[ A ا,ي زارھ.22U>*ا إذا 9> >2ا L> G>KH :2H.? B2 *ن ا*22U ر* ا* 2Uن Read the following quotation from " The War of the Worlds", by Herbert George Wells carefully, then answer the questions that follow with reference to the story and write the answers down in your ANSWER BOOKLET: ا أ ا 3 س ا " Fب ا#ا 9 " و ا,ي A3` ھت رج و& # :9 أj L ا[?} ا 0 #*ا : j2a Zإ أA j ا[ L.Gا I watched the Martian creatures for a long time. They communicated by thinking and drank the blood of people. More and more Martian spaceships landed in England, and. more and more people died. 1 ) Why did the Martians want to move to Earth? 2 )What type of fighting machines did the Martians use? 3 ) What did the Martians drink? 4 ) Who did not believe the narrator at the beginning? 5) What happened to most of the soldiers who fought the Martians? 6 ) Why did the narrator stay in London? 7 ) How did the Martians communicate? 8 ) How was the narrator s wife when he saw her? 17

18 9 ) Why did the narrator leave the room in London? 10 ) Why did the Martians die? 11 ) What did people learn at the end of the story? 12 ) What had the Martians had invented to attack Earth? 13 ) Why had Martians used Technology. Model answers (ا.ت اذ) 1 - because it was warmer than Mars and a better place to live. 2 - advanced technology. 3 - They drank the blood of people. 4 - The people in the village and the newspapers in London. 5 - The Martians killed them. 6 - he wanted to find his wife. 7 - they communicated by thinking. 8 - She was alive and safe. 9 - He had eaten all the food and drunk all the drink They had no cure for Earth s illness They learnt that they have to go to Space, and they have to get the technology the Martians have,or perhaps the Martians will attack again The Martians had invented spaceships to attack Earth, 13 - used technology to kill people. Derivation ا?%ق ا?%ق: - ھ ان G "; أ'ى G ط ان ن D BC ا وا. #0 V2A 1 ا?} ا)ق %ة U %ة 2GY ھ,ا ا 4 ح ng2? Z 9BY ھ 23%ا *#ا L أ?} ازارة. 8ا ط ) ا' B ا( D ان ا 7 BC ا O ا M7N!,أ "; ا L ر ا ا; JK ا%&,ة ا " 3?%ق ھB :- 18

19 # Y! ظف Y! ا? 9 ظف # ظف ھKه ا%&,ة ; A L ا, ان N %م,را ا?% 4 ت ا BC ا O ا M7N. ا?%ق: - ھ ان G "; أ'ى G ط ان ن D BC ا وا. ness ance ence ment tion* er, or eer ا) ;" C 9 ظف ;" AS وھ Kا. ان G 3V" -: ;" 9 4 ا&, ا?%ق ا-ء-: Nouns -(1) 3 ان 3Hا 4 ح ا)ق ا?*ء j ان H #ف L ااF ا 0*2& ا?*ء 2Jھ ا&اء ا Eم اى. وھ,ا اول ng 7# ااF اU! suffixes?*ء. illness, happiness, ess د waitress sleepiness, usefulness أ 2 ةprincess acceptance, importance, ist* scientist difference, dependence, ا Gدي economist balance, assistance. development, government achievement, agreement. introduction, derivation occupation, nation, action Minister, officer, visitor, actor engineerسb ship ity dom!ا Friendship Partnership Championship activity responsibility, community Kingdom, * wisdom, freedom criticism ل. :) - *#0 ist 1 ا?*ء ا #0 ) Uص 2GGU*ا YK! journalist: - وان ى " WLN,م اء: - -1, ادوات- ادوات ا C واة the).( a, an, ور! AS و"; (Y ا):- 1- The.of Jordan was in (independent, depend, independence) 2 ان Hرس Z, اغ و 9: of اذا ا * 3?*ا ھ ان ن 0 ا?* B#3 F ود ا The ان independence اH MB ence وھ اF ا?*ء. B0BH ا 2Uرات و! ااF 2- The..of weapons has to be reduced. (produce, production, productive) ion B `H production ا? 9 وھ H ا BH K0 ج Lا ا XY %ا 3- The..you made for the situation is reasonable. ( assess, assessment, assessed) you و 2*g the 2 4- I think the..in Jordan is going to be with much quality.\ (educative, education, educate) in 2 the و Fف ا:- my, our, your, his, her, their, its, Ali s Z, -(2) 1- We need your. in the project. (participate, participated, participation). و 1 ا Yاغ # 2*g Z*ا ا*%ب ا? 9 وھ participation *A 19

20 , إ$,ى AS ت ا.?رة this, that, these, those -(3) 1- This is great.. (achieve, achievement, achieved) achievement وھ ment UH ر ا?* B*ا و 1 ا Yاغ # Y! ا)رة Z, any, many, much,, a little, few, a few, only, other, another, - :2* -(4) # Kدات ا (no 1- A little is always needed. (encourage, encouragement1240, encouraging) 2- A little patience is always wise. 3- I have no hesitation in recomending Angella for the advertised post., of) ( و, s ا:- -(5) 1- Yesterday, I read the new government s. (decide,decisive, decision) 2- The Jordan s is being developed these years. (economical, economically, economy) 3- My father s.is endless. (generous, generosity, generously) 4- The. of the hotel is very big. (enter, entering, entrance) أن ن 4!L",$[ أC ل ا ben G ط more, -(6) 1- We needs more.. next days. (produce, productive, production) B#3 ا? 9. 3J Z, more 3 H2 F م ود # ا#ل ا ن ا *? ن.Y! وھ,ا?اه ا)ق ا YGت. H2 أذا و 3 more ا F ا#ل ا, ا A6 و 9!4 ا A -:9 -(7) 1- The successive.made its best to save people from poverty. (governmentally, government, govern) (ل:- The city is Irbid. # 0 اH ` M* #0 *Athe. ا? 9 ا?* اذا اM0 `H Y! Zذ # 0x (beauty, beautify, beautiful) Fthe. ان ا* أت Y! ن ا Yاغ Z, #ھ 0x ا? 9 F ان ا? 9 اL0 # ا Yاغ Z, ظف Y! # ظف # ا? 9 Y! ظف 8, ار 4 م:- One, Two.. / first, second 1- One implication in the survey that the people enjoy some jokes during hard work. - ا?%ق ا A6 Derivation: (2)- Adjective 4!9 ان N!,ا G ح ا?%ق ا A6 ت D7 ان N ف & اا$ ا B M ا A6 ت &; [ھ "; ا Mاء - A6 ت: ا W S suffixes ا 3 م ا-'ى. وھKا ا 7,ول Z_ ^ اا$ ا%(` Adjective ا A6 ا%(` Adjective ا A6 able comfortable ing, 1>>*, interesting>>* boring rھamazing ive creative ic Economic, academic ful beautiful, successful ant important. meaningful al Educational, social, ent patient, competent, different, practical ous dangerous, generous ian Jordanian, American some troublesome ory Aف 1Satisfactory obligatory ا&ا, 20

21 ed BC 9 ا A P.P ا V a ا 6 b educated, Axeatenل Yopened ح :ريvoluntary, ary %0 revolutionary G ا A6 ت اذا و 4 ` ا A اغ BC ا 7 BC ا-$ال ا: - as adjective as = ا B as as ; -(1) 1- Football is as. as rugby. ( differ, difference, different) * as + adjective+ as / as dangerous as/ as complecated as. (2)-, ا,دات وا e,ات وا d وف و"; أ V ھ ا : - very, so, too,really,extremely 1- The film we saw was very...( interest, interestingly, interesting) # ظف( generously ( generous, generosity,..,اextremely 2- he is 3- Her own mistakes made her very. of others. (tolerate, tolerance, tolerantly, وزارة.( tolerant? pال 4-The students were very. for being late.(apology, apologetic, وزارة.( apologise? pال 5- Muna is really. she writes poetry and short stories. (creativity, create, creative). وزراي / # ظف? pال ( comparative and superlative). وا 9fA ا%ر N 9 BC most و more, -(3) اA ( F,را L 1- Ali is more careful than Muna. ھ,ا ا ب اA ( EJء ZA 2- This book is more expensive than yours. 3- Football is the most complicated game in the world. 9#ا ا[ Aة ام 4- Muna is the most beautiful of all the L ھ ا* 2 A ا Y 2 ت. girls - :(_!6) B, أC ل 9V" و look, seem, feel, become, -(4) 1- After the elections he became.(fame, famous, famously) 2- My mother seemed when I had disagreed her. (nerve, nervously, nervous) 3-The elephant seal is huge and looks. (monstrous, monster, monstrosity) و J 3 YGا 0x0 # ا#ل ا -:H2 ادرس ا?} ازارة.2ا 2- That plan is well- prepared. It is. to achieve the aims. (viable, viability, viably) 3-Physical exercises are. (stimulate, stimulating, stimulates). 3- It is very important to be. so as to accept others and their opinions. (tolerance, tolerant, toleration) # Y! ظف Y! ا? 9 21 ظف # ظف ا?%ق ا dوف- Derivation: (3)- Adverbs ly Lإ آ ا YGت :) - g ا Pف ورglad ورGladly حsuccessfully successfulnh furiousjgj furiouslyj8c واobviousng obviouslyحg #س E3 دةsleepily Sleepy2 XH BC ا 7,ة ا?ل: - ا d ف B - :9 ا A b6-1 1-Muna waited her mother. (tearful, tearfully, tear) L اH Pت ا B V2A) 2A اH B0P -: وھ ( The man walked quickly. L4 ا

22 1- His new car is.beautiful. ( absolute, absolutely, absolution) 2- the book is extremely difficult. 9!4-2 ا A6 : - ا V a ):- 4!9 3- ا A6 (ا A BC 9 ا 6 b 1- Qasr Amra is.. decorated. (high, highly, height). 2 *ة G & ر ا%#م طk3 4?ء cooked. 2- The food was badly,ا ا 7 ا B!,أ A اغ و,ه -:SC BC 4-1-,she agreed to participate in Al-Sabilah programme. (will, willing, willingly). )اك 6H.ا 250 ھ وا M 2- Fortunately, I was able to find a new Job. -5 ھ ;!" ن 9!4 ا A BC 9 ات ا b6 ا A :9 - A)- Modals verb# + + أ#ل ا*دا& verbs ن ا#ل ا*دا& دا 5 * B#3 # VGا اول. اذا وت اغ 2 ا*دا& وا Y # #0*M A* ) *0 اZH j ان 180 ظف. ھ 12% ان ز ا Kن exam. He can pass the اول( pass ) VG0 # `#30 (can) F ان # ا*دا& اذا ا 0 اغ 2 # ا*دا& وا Y # ا25 ن ا Yاغ %j ظف:- He can pass the exam. (difficult, difficulties, difficulty) B)- Be ا#ل ا H2 وا AdjectiveYG -His new car is beautiful. (absolute, absolutely, absolution) -Qasr Amar VGا is decoratedt)ا Y!. (hight, highly, height) C)- Subject + + #verb ھ ح از ا Kن. exam -He successfully passed the -She ironically spoke to her friend. ا BH 0 U 9.B! 1 ا- C ل- Verbs: -(4) ا#ل V28H ھ,ه ااF Lا fy, ize, ise, ify, en, ate, ieve, ide 7# ا?*ء )ق - او ا YGت 1 PFE ا 22Cات ا 25E ا 0 %أ L ا * Kا *A ھ 23 اول ا ا?*ء BK Lا ا#ل 4 ط ان B0 ا * اة A en V28H -وA, Z :ا اF ا?*ء. Fx ا A6 او ا) ا A 9 ا A6 او ا) ا A 9 *لbeauty Beautify* إرھبterror terrorizej Hardj#! س hardenj#g Summary!E summarizewu civilh *نcivilize &22*0 0 #فRecognition &2* #فRecognize glory2 glorify* compensation7#0 #ضcompensate 1-, أC ل ادا ModalsM وto ا 6,ر:- -:B ", WL,م ا A 9 &دة 22

23 - You must enclose the CV. - He is expexted to improve himself. 1- The aim of the exam is to assess92 how mush you learned. (assessment, assess, assessor) don t doesn t, didn t, # ا#ل *#ا -Did Mary send the letter. ( send, sending, sender) -I will visit Aqaba tomorrow.(visitor. Visit) -The government tended to a new decisions for the unemployment.(creative, create, creation) -We don t in French more than English.( interest, interesting, interestingly) H to ا* Gر ر* #YA to 0x0 E# BH أF,ر:- Ax0 اذا وت اto 3 ا Yاغ اي اH ` #ھ 0x ا? 9 وX2 # A* 0 #دت (ل:- Amman. I will go to?ف اذھj Lا *ن I want to visit Amman ا H اود ان اذھj Lا *ن F,ر. L A Z, - : -2 إذا ) ; BC ا 7 9 C `fn 9 C, ا A 9& و 9!4 ا A ل 1-different people in different ways. (reacty, reactiony0, reactivey0) ا Hس U 2Y %ق.YU -3, ا d وف اار ا B "ت " BC ا-ز" 9V" always, often, usually 1- This company always.. brilliant things. (offer, offering, offered) hw"********************** ا%ق************************* 9 C AS ظف AS ا) ظف 9 C ظف hw" ا%ق اPH < #< ا Y <اغ < *2<1 ا*< t>k3 < اھ< 9 <G وھ*< ا?< 9 وا< YG. و 3< ا Y <اغ >! اذا A <ن been) >B2 `>H ( Verb to BE is, was, are, were, being, <دة.AS.9 C دة `3 modals او to اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ اداة V#0 او >) 2 0 an the, a, او F <ف > 1>g ا i ). و L>0 ان 0A ذا # ا Yاغ ( ھ,ه اK ذا اM0 3 the ا Yاغ واL0 #< ا Y <اغ ا?< 9 Y< ھ<,ه.AS 1g Kا اذا اM>0 اF <ى ھ<,ه ا *<ت >) feel too, so, very, become, look, seem, او ظ<ف 0.AS دة `H really و extremely ) 0!] ظف. `H # اذا اL0 3 ا Yاغ ن ااب 2? ن L Kا -:ا اذا اL0 ا Yاغ BH *ا - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ ا? 9 اب ظف

24 اب ا).!Y - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ.AS اب - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ # ا#ل be.9 C اب 2*g - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ > > ا 2U <رات ظ<ف 9 ان ااب ظف اذا jj # - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ اب ا). - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ Fف 18 ا? 9. L0 7- ان 0*1 and 2 ا) 2B4 2 ذا اL0 #ھ ا? 9 اب #ھ ا) وھ,ا..YG L0-8 اH ` 2Y! 0 9? و 0 ا?* 2 L0 9- ان ھك 2)Aا ا Uع ت #Z واظ Z ا? 3 B < Eل ا<ورة ا*g<2 و< ھ<,ه ا Uع. - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ # ا#ل Ax0 ك 3 Y! `f 3C be ذا د # ا Y <اغ. ان 180 Z2# AS اذا Aن # ا Yاغ.AS 18 ذا Aن # ا Yاغ ] ا A6 ظف. 3< ان 0A< ا i 180 E - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ the واا B0 او أي )ƒ #ه 0 ا) ذا ن # ا Yاغ. ذا Aن # ا Yاغ X2 ) 18 ا) اذا Aن #< ا Y <اغ.AS 18 ا ># # 3 ان Ax0 > <م و<د 180 E - اذا Aن 3 ا Yاغ modals او # ا Yاغ ذا وت #E Z2# ان 180 ظف. E )ق:- #ا L0-10 اة 9 C AS ظف AS ا) ظف 9 C ظف أ ا Lات ا L % & ا?%ق Derivation ا' B ا( D ھKه ار; [ "(D ; ھB "; ا 9 ا,ر D.j%C Electric wires should be handled. ( cautious, caution, cautiously). 2- In order to meet the demands of the job, Amjed attended different. courses at the university. (intensive, intensify, intensively). 3- The teacher helps the students. The problem in learning mathematics. (solvable, solution, solve). 4- Basketball and rugby are considered to be. games in the U.S.A. (interested, interesting, interest). 5- My. for your kindness is great. (admire, admiration, admirable). 6- We were. impressed by Ali s performance. ( favorite, favorably, favorable). 7- There might be a. difference between fact and fiction. ( considerate, consideration, considerable). 8- Petra, the Nabateanian city, is a. city. (unique, uniquely, uniqueness). 9- Saladin felt Reynald s. had gone too far. (arrogance, arrogant, arrogantly). 10- Ahmed had fallen silent, puffing. at his cigar. (thought, thoughtful, thoughtfully) 11- Mr. Jones was the. of the Minister s letter. (recipient, receive, received). 12- You must be. to your neighbours.(charity, charitable, charitably) 13- He has an authority, but he does not try to. others.(dominate, domination, dominated). 14-.,our suggested plans are for building a new hospital. (Essence, Essential, Essentially). 15- her tendency to be untidy has led to an element of. in her work. (disorganise, disorganisation, disorganised). 24

25 B ()ي) GYا 16- Most children couldn t resist the. to eat a lot of chocolate. (temp, tempting, temptation). 17- An employee can not succeed in getting ahead in his position without..(ambition, ambitious, ambitiously). 18- The insurance company should. the two drivers after that tragic accident. (compensatory, compensate, compensation). 19- Good managers must arrange a. place and time for their meetings. (conveniently, convenience, convenient). 20- The cost of materials rose sharply;., the prices went up. (according, accordingly, accordance). 21- You should. your CV with your application. (enclose, enclosure, enclosed). 22- In times of. my friend finds praying a great relaxation. (stressed, stress, stressful). 23- Muna is really. she writes poetry and short stories. (creativity, create, creative). 24- The elephant seal is huge and looks. (monstrous, monster, monstrosity). 25- She s looking for an honest and. lawyer. (competency, competent, competence). 26- A careful. of the whole situation should be made before taking any decision. (assess, assessment, assessed). 27- The road is narrow and it is raining heavily, so you have to drive..(slow, slowest, slowly). 28- After a long. the two parties reached an agreement. (negotiable, negotiator, negotiation). 29- It is very important to be. so as to accept others and their opinions. (tolerance, tolerant, toleration). 30- I am. sorry for being late. (extremity, extreme, extremely). 31- Why don t we try to. our old glories? (revive, revival, revivalism) 32- A. and enjoyable experience can become a serious problem. (stimuli, stimulating, stimulate). 33- The late Queen Zain Al-Sharaf set up a. foundation for the orphans. (charity, charitably, charitable) 34- In a stormy weather, drivers must drive.. (slow, slowly, slowest) 35- Students must never attempt to. something they do not understand. (memorize, memorable, memory) 1. Fumes from cars are poisonous and can damage the. a) environmental b) environ c) environment 2. The is bringing in new regulation s to fine motorists for speeding. a) governmental b) government c) govern 3. It is the. of parents to check that play equipment is safe for their children. a) respond b) responsible c) responsibility 4. The fire in the shop was... Nobody started it. a) accidental b) accidentally c) accident 5. Don t drink that stuff. It's = is... a) poisonously b) poison c) poisonous 6. Cars and other vehicles cause... a) pollute b) polluted c) pollution 7. People are worried about the threat of.... pollution. 25

26 a) environmental b) environ c) environment 8. Charities try to. people to give money to their causes. a) persuasion b) persuade c) persuaded Quantity words with uncountable nouns اء ا,ودة و[ ا,ودة 1- bar ( #% ): chocolate,.. 2- grain( 3F) rice, saltn, item( #% ) clothing, news,.. 4- lump( #% ) sugar, ( pane 5- (ح..,ز glass6 6- piece of( #% ) bread, cake, chess, advice,,#تinformation paper. 7- slice( K() bread, cake, lemon, toastw*ka &3. _Complete these sentences with the appropriate quantity expressions. 1- I want to write a letter. Can you pass me two paper? ( bars, items, pieces) 2- I read an interesting information about volcanoes in the paper this morning. ( bars, items, pieces) 3- Can I give you a advice? I think you should apologise to him. (pieces, panes, lumps) 4- For breakfast Ann usually has two.bread and toast with butter and honey. ( bars, slices, pieces) 5- I take a...cheese to school in case I get hungry. (pieces, panes, lumps) 6- Some people like ice and a... of lemon in their water. ( bar, slice, piece) 7- I'm reading a book about using computers more efficiently. It contains 26

27 some very useful... of advice. ( bars, slices, pieces) 8- The storm broke six panes of... in my office windows. ( glass, clothing, grains) 9- The last item of... I bought was a white shirt. ( glass, clothing, grains) 10- Everyone was very hungry - there were only a few... of rice left in the dish. ( glass, clothing, grains) ا M7 ء ا V a Module 3 ا 6 ل Communication Unit 7 ا$,ة ا L KY! 64 و A ب 65 j%ا? 3 أ 4 ح اا و! KY 41 و 42 و A ب 43 ا %4H :- Indefinite, definite Articles أدوات ا وا b The, a, an 09 ادوات اL : Eث ا م : - ادوات ا ة an. 1- Indefinite articles: -a, 2- Definite articles : - The اداة #*ا B j% اداة 2J Y!3- No article (zero article):- أدا B اة: an - the Indefinite Articles a,, 0a Uم an - :) أدا 0 ا ة " W " 3 ا[?*ء ا*#ودة ا* Yدة a nice girl Y2% ة a fat man ر ر زman an old an applefy0 F ا Yق ان أداة ا ة a" 0 Uم " 1 ا[?*ء ا 30 أ Gت n2k! consonant sounda? (b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t u v w x z) -: ھ وا Fف Aا -1 27

28 a girl, a car, a child, a book. و 0 Uم an" " 1 ا *ت ا 30 أ Gت sound ( a, e, I, o ) vowel - :) an orange, an audience * Bر, ا W,ام Use 4!9 1- اء ا,ودة ا A دة &," ن " اي hw? او? Bء 6%N, - To write a letter, I need a piece of paper, a pen and an envelop. ja ر? ا H اF ج %# ارق * و.VC? ول "ة KN ",& -2 )ط او Y? 2 ر 0 - A policeman stopped me in my car <`?<*# H< و B*< K <د 2J< H<` - ا ا%j 2<Z ان 0 #<ف اH <` اذا ذA < ا< 4 ء ول <ة. >0 ) ا< 4 ط) Z>H `>#0 9>? 2 ر 0 F اZH Y او ()ط -:Z ول ة. ) ان ل او Y? 2 ر 0 وA <ن ا< 4 ط 3>gJ <ا) >F 90 اA *ل *ا L Kا ا()ط اZH ا*ة ا(2H اMYg ا2` ا#V ZH ا! MK3 0 #ف ھ,ا ا 4 ط) A policeman stopped me in my car, and the policeman was angry. )ط او Y? 2 ر 0 و Aن ا 4 ط 3gJ - We saw an elephant in the zoo. ا 2Kا Hت F E2 رأ ا BH طengineer323 / She s an ا BH ط 323 doctor. She is a - I'm an English teacher. ا 2H & C ا H رس ",& ا,ث ;& -:J" -3 The definite article the - : b -2 أداة ا 0 Uم أداة ا#V " the" 3 ا* Yد وا* 1 ا[?*ء?اء #<ودة MHA او 2J< #<ودة و 0 Uم ھ,ه ا[داة ا Kت ا2: - "` اء ا A,ة ا B, ا وا$, " j%c -the sun, the moon, the earth,,ا*ءsky the the world,,ا نuniverse the the Z*ا the king,ا% weatherx -the moon moves around the earth.. ور Fل X*4ا *ا 4!9-2 اء ا N ر ا!ر ا(ت/ 93 ا 7!ل " 7 &ت ا M7 ر. -the Nile W2K*ا ا Bدي the,ا K3 Pacific Ocean M2*ا 2ا BH, the Dead Sea The West Sea/ / The Philippines/ the Volga/ The Caspian ا H & IndiesCا the Himalayas / The Mediterranean/ the Alps/ The Amazon `"-3 ا-ء $ BC 66W أو,,ھ اء ن 97 S" أو ] ذ J ;" ا h6w : - ا,ي اMH ` ا 3 رF ` ن uncle.* 1- The man whom you met yesterday is my ا 2- The book which you gave me was very useful. Fف + ن cheap. 3- The tomatoes from Sami s shop are Fف + ن mine. 4- The book on the table is 5- The friend I sent the letter to is Ahmad أ) The -1 28

29 وا$,ة -:9V" ;" 9!4-4 أء ا!,ان ا B b[ ا ;" Vا 1- The Hashimite Kingdom of Jordan **ا ا[رد 2H 2*(Bا 2-The united Kingdom " 2H% " **ا ا* Kة 3- The United States of ا[ America.2A2 ات ا* Kة 4- The United Arab Emirates -5 `" درت ا 9fA " Superlative degree " -: ا A6 ت ا B B est او!4 most The highest ا[ L, The tallest, the most beautiful * /ا[ A ( the best, the worst -Salma is the fastest student in the class. ا?ع VGا L*? 3%ا -Salma is the most beautiful in the class. VGا * ا A ( L*? 3%ا -(6 `" ا) ار: - 1- yesterday, I saw some dogs, the dogs were chasing a cat. The cat was chasing a mouse, the mouse ran into a hole, the hole was very small. xر وا Yر ر 7A اL YFة FE0 MHA ا 3 ر F )ھت 7# EAب وMHA ا Eب FE0 % وا% وا YKة! 2Cة. MHA We saw an elephant in the zoo, the elephant was enormous..*ug Aن 2Yا Kا E2 را أ ا Lات ا L %. (2008 Y2!) 1-.. national park on the road to the airport is always clean. (A. The, An) The) 2- Hassan is best friend for mine ( A, An, - ()ي 2009 ) (PFE) أ ا%j ان ا Fة ا[و L K0 ي L در? ) ا* 8 رع ام وا* 8 رع ام ا**) وا* 9# F L?اء 2FH ا 4 ح ا*%ل وھ* زن *BF( 90 دا ا* Bج % Z0 j%ا اr4 ا,ي A (ة K0:` ا*ر,Z ارM2{0 03 jf ان ا م g ت B2* و 0 ا ا Yو 1g 23 wu ا Yق 2 ا&2 و 2Y2A أ?} ازارة * ا H ارى ان wu*ا ذو 5 ة أA ( ا 3#4 ت ا 4 ح ا*%ل ود 2 Zذ ان ا?} ازارة اور 20 22g*ا *g MHA wu*ا وإ Z2 إه:- ا f رع ام Present Perfect Subject ) Yد he, she, it) + has + V (pp) Subject 1*(I, we, you, they) have +V (pp) H#* ا* 8 رع ام Kث 4Hط (ا Hز).* 2H L &2A - *#H C2! ا* 8 رع ام دا او ا 9. H م و! ا Kث Present Perfect ا f رع ام ا L Continuous Subject ) Yد he, she, it) + has been + V-ing Subject 1*(I, we, you, they) have been+ V-ing H#* ا* 8 رع ام ا** Kث 4Hط * و ر.` (#د) وا,ي ا g*ا 9و L ا 4 ط `YH &2A - *#H C2! ا* 8 رع ام **ا و! ngh `5H ااKg `. -: so far, yet, ever, never, already, just, often, before, - I.. three papers so far. (write) - have written د :- ز last long, every day, over the,ز+ for- now, all د - I.. three papers all the night. (write) - have been writing د ا G 29