The Middle Ages. Late IV C. Anglo-Saxon Period. The Celts The Roman conquest St. Augustine Christianization Vikings' raids In Italy Virgilio s Aeneid

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Aeneid Anglo-Saxon Period Anglo-Saxon invasion (300-400 B.C.

1 Late IV C. The Middle Ages The Celts The Roman conquest St. Augustine Christianization Vikings' raids In Italy Virgilio s Aeneid Anglo-Saxon Period Anglo-Saxon invasion ( B.C.) King Alfred The Great The ballad Beowulf: first epic poem (anonymous)

2 The Norman Period Norman conquest William The Conqueror: Battle of Hastings 1066 d.c. (Bayeaux Tapestry) Feudal system French language Crusades Drama Mistery and Morality Plays Europe Chanson de Roland; Nibelungenlied Italy San Francesco

(Richard I, The Lionheart at the Crusades) Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales in

3 Murder of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas à Becket in 1170 (Henry II) 1215 Magna Charta by King John Lackland. (Richard I, The Lionheart at the Crusades) Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales in English Hundred Years War ( ) England defeated by France War of Two Roses ( ) between House of York and House of Lancaster Tudor Line

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) The Canterbury Tales: collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury to the shrine of Saint

4 Geoffrey Chaucer ( ) The Canterbury Tales: collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury to the shrine of Saint Thomas à Becket. Chaucer writes in Modern English Boccaccio. Italy Dante s Divina Commedia F. Petrarca and G. Boccaccio M. Polo s Il Milione Giotto s paintings

5 ELIZABETHAN PERIOD

HENRY VII 1457-1509 In 1485 Henry VII Tudors comes to the throne.

6 HENRY VII In 1485 Henry VII Tudors comes to the throne. He sweeps away the feudal structures and imposes a strong central government.

HENRY VIII 1491-1547 Henry VIII signes the Act of Supremacy in 1534.

7 HENRY VIII Henry VIII signes the Act of Supremacy in Anglican Church Thomas More Utopia Sir Thomas Malory Morte d Arthur In Italy: Leonardo, Michelangelo, S. Botticelli, Raffaello

ELIZABETH I 1533 1603 Elizabeth I, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's daughter, becomes Queen (1558) She re-establishes

8 ELIZABETH I Elizabeth I, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's daughter, becomes Queen (1558) She re-establishes Anglicanism. England becomes politically and economically powerful Revival of culture with Shakespeare s theatre.

MARY TUDOR 1516-1558 Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, the first repudiated wife,

9 MARY TUDOR Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, the first repudiated wife, reigns from 1553 to She restores the Catholic Religion and persecutes the protestant ( Bloody Mary ).

Mary, Queen of Scots 1542-1587 1542 to 1567: queen at 9 month at her father s death (James V of Scotland) Widowed of the King of France, Francis II (1559), she marries her first cousin, Lord Darnley,

10 Mary, Queen of Scots to 1567: queen at 9 month at her father s death (James V of Scotland) Widowed of the King of France, Francis II (1559), she marries her first cousin, Lord Darnley, who dies in an explosion. 1567: Mary is imprisoned and forced to abdicate in favour of her one-year-old son, James VI, after her marriage to the 4th Earl of Bothwell, accused of Darnley's murderer. Mary flees to England: she asks her first cousin, Queen Elizabeth I, for protection. Elizabeth feels menaced and has her arrested 1587: after 19 years in custody, Mary is executed for treason and plots against Elizabeth.

JAMES STUART 1566-1625 King of Scots as James VI (1567) at 13 months old when his mother Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate.

11 JAMES STUART King of Scots as James VI (1567) at 13 months old when his mother Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate. King of England and Ireland (1603)as James I, when Elizabeth I dies without heirs He practices absolute monarchy and tries to rule without the help of the Parliament. The Golden Age of Literature of Elizabeth continues

William Shakespeare 1564-1616 English poet (sonnets)

12 William Shakespeare English poet (sonnets) and playwright famous for his tragedies - Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet- and comedies - Midsummer Night s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing.

13 Shakespearian Sonnets 14-line rhyming poem, often written in iambic pentameters. The two characteristic types of sonnet in English literature are the Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet usually rhyming ABBA CDE and the English (Shakespearean) sonnet rhyming ABAB CDCD EFE FGG SONNET 130 My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare.

CHARLES STUART I 1600-1649 Like his father James I he is an absolute

14 CHARLES STUART I Like his father James I he is an absolute monarch and imposes taxation without Parliament s consent. Towards the Civil War

15 During Charles I reign there is a conflict between the Catholics (the upper gentry and the aristocracy) and the Puritans (the new middle classes sided with the Parliament). John Donne: Holy Sonnets. Europe:Cervantes s Don Quixote. CIVIL WAR

16 COMMONWEALTH The Puritans win the Civil War and their leadership institutes the Republic called Commonwealth. Oliver Cromwell enforces his moral code in society: suppresses the theatre, punishes drunkenness and licentiousness. On his death in 1658, no one succeeds him.

THE RESTORATION - 1660 After Cromwell s death, the Parliament calls Charles II from France. He promises respect for the Commons religious and constitutional decisions.

17 THE RESTORATION After Cromwell s death, the Parliament calls Charles II from France. He promises respect for the Commons religious and constitutional decisions. Great Plague in London Philosophy: Th. Hobbes, J. Locke. S. Pepys, J. Milton, J. Dryden. Europe: G.Keplero, F.Bacon; G.Galilei, R.Descartes, I.Newton (science); Lope de Vega Carpio and Calderon De La Barca, Moliere (theatre); B.Pascal (philosophy)

18 THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION 1688 When Charles II dies, James II comes to the throne. There is a bloodless revolution, called Glorious Revolution, to remove the absolute power of the monarch. William of Orange succeeds James II Stuart.

19 THE BILL OF RIGHTS 1689 William of Orange is invited by the Parliament to sign the Bill of Rights to limite the power of the monarchy.

20 THE HOUSE OF HANOVER 1714: the crown passes to the foreign dynasty of the House of Hanover which descendes from James I.

21 First Industrial Revolution 18th Century Development of textile industries and iron-making De-population of countrysides Increasing of population of towns The spinning jenny Rise of the novel: stories of everyday life Rise of the middle class 1770: Watt s invention of the steam engine

17th century : Authors Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)

22 17th century : Authors Daniel Defoe ( ) Journalist Works: Robinson Crusoe, Captain Singleton, A Journal of the Plague Year, Moll Flanders, Roxana: The Fortunate Mistress. First person narrator (diary form)

23 Samuel Richardson ( ) Epistolary novel Works: Pamela, or the Virtue Rewarded Clarissa Didactic aims: moral values; how to write

Henry Fielding (1707-1754) Tom Jones, movie by Richardson,

24 Henry Fielding ( ) Tom Jones, movie by Richardson, script by J. Osborn. Works: Tom Jones a comic epic in prose Joseph Andrews, the answer to S. Richardson s Pamela Novels divided into chapters Introduction of 3rd person omniscient narrator

FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789-1799 Aristocracy and clergy lose feudal privileges.

25 FRENCH REVOLUTION Aristocracy and clergy lose feudal privileges. Principles:Equality, Fraternity and Liberty. ( literature) CONSEQUENCES Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power. Napoleonic wars.

26 American Revolution Thirteen colonies wanted the independence from the British Empire. Republican ideals. Revolutionary war and Treaty of Paris. American Declaration of Independence in George Washington is the First president of America

Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) Gulliver s Travels: satire

tale First anti-utopian novel contrary of Utopia

27 Jonathan Swift ( ) Gulliver s Travels: satire on the human condition in the form of an allegorical tale First anti-utopian novel contrary of Utopia utopian novels: Plato s Republic; Thomas More Utopia UTOPIA= NOWHERE

Gothic Novel end of 18th century, early 19thcentury The Nightmare (1781) Most important painter: J. H. Fuseli Gothic fiction: elements of horror and romance.

28 Gothic Novel end of 18th century, early 19thcentury The Nightmare (1781) Most important painter: J. H. Fuseli Gothic fiction: elements of horror and romance. Features: gloomy settings castles, monasteries,secret rooms. Characters: flat good or evil. Writers: Horace Walpole, Anne Radcliffe, Charles Maturin. modern and contemporary literature: horror stories, thrillers, detective stories, science fiction, fantasy.

29 Anne Radcliffe ( ) Pioneer of the Gothic novel. Works: A Sicilian Romance The Romance of the Forest The Mysteries of Udolpho The Italian

30 Horace Walpole ( ) The youngest son of British Prime Minister R.Walpole. Works: The Castle of Otranto.

J.H.Fuseli (1741-1825) Fuseli was a Swissborn artist who spent several years

31 J.H.Fuseli ( ) Fuseli was a Swissborn artist who spent several years in London. He had a liking for strange dream-like subjects. The Nightmare (1782)

32 EUROPE Enlightment. 1770: Thomas Gainsborough and landscape paintings 1760: Voltaire, Diderot, Hume 1781:E. Kant s Critique of Pure Reason 1790: orchestral music: Hayden, Mozart, Beethoven : Novalis s Hymnen an die Nacht Thomas Gainsborough: Cottage Door with Girl and Pigs (1786)

33 Pilgrim Fathers (Mayflower) first settlements in Massachusets and Virginia. First forms of literature: diaries; preaches; prayers; hymns Benjamin Franklin s Poor Richard Almanac NORTH AMERICA

ISTITUTO NOSTRA SIGNORA vl. G. D Annunzio, Pescara tel fax

ISTITUTO NOSTRA SIGNORA vl. G. D Annunzio, Pescara tel fax LICEO LINGUISTICO EUROPEO PROGRAMMA A.S. 2011/2012 CLASSE III LETTERATURA E STORIA (testo: Thomson e Maglioni, Literary vol.i) Early Britain: a history of invasions The Celts,Celtic culture from Bronze