Chaire académique ORES "Smart Grids-Smart Metering"

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2 Chaire académique ORES "Smart Grids-Smart Metering" A Power Line Communication Measuring Toolbox for the Distribution Grid Dries Lemmens 14/03/2011

3 PLC Communication for Smart Metering PLC Communication as an answer to: How can we read out a meter in an efficient and reliable way? External Eandis, Ores and Sibelga Laborelec Team: Wim Foubert Rafael Jahn Dries Lemmens Philip Vergeylen 3

4 Smart Metering & Power Line Communication (PLC) General topology: Smart metering allows automatic bidirectional information transfer Metering Operation Center Gateway Focus of Laborelec 4 3

5 PLC for Smart Metering MV/LV Cable / Overhead line The signal source sends a signal with a certain power and certain voltage amplitude on the grid ~ House Signal source (data concentrator) The signal source is limited in power and signal voltage 5

6 PLC for Smart Metering Impedance/Attenuation MV/LV Cable/Overhead line Some signal power is dissipated in MV/LV transformer and parallel feeders ~ House Signal source (data concentrator) The signal source is limited in power and signal voltage 6

7 PLC for Smart Metering Impedance/Attenuation MV/LV Cable/Overhead line The Signal Voltage is attenuated by the series impedance of the cable/line ~ House Signal source (data concentrator) The signal source is limited in power and signal voltage 7

8 PLC for Smart Metering Issues: Problem! MV/LV Cable/Overhead line The signal is too small, the smart meter can not read it anymore ~ House Signal source (data concentrator) The signal source is limited in power and signal voltage 8

9 PLC for Smart Metering Noise Issue: MV/LV Cable/Overhead line High Frequency noise influences the signal quality Meter cannot read the signal anymore ~ House Signal source (data concentrator) The signal source is limited in power and signal voltage 9 9

10 Smart Metering & Power Line Communication Project Focus on the physical layer in CENELEC A-band (3-95 khz) et < 500 khz Investigation and assistance to DNO on performance of PLC Communication Grid topology Impedance and Transfer at high frequency Noise at high frequency Realized through On-site measurements Laboratory investigation Theoretical research and simulations Development of measurement system 10

11 PLC: Measurement Device PC with NI Acquisition card PLC Switchbox (LBE) HF Amplifier (LBE) HF Current Clamps Software Package (LBE) 11

12 PLC Measuring Portfolio: Overview Noise Impedance & Transfer Median/avg treatment Periodic treatment Time domain treatment Transfer Average Impedance Periodic Impedance Stationary noise (i.e. statistically most apparent), no events Periodic noise Focus on 50 Hz cycle repetitive phenomena Linking time domain 50 Hz behaviour with freq. domain 2-point measurement, synchronisable between devices Sweep method with 100 ms fft window Sweep method with 100 us fft window with 50 Hz synchro Advanced 50 Hz synchro 12

13 PLC Measuring Portfolio: Noise (Noise Stationary) Noise The stationary noise is the average noise during a 5-seconds measurement Median/avg treatment Stationary noise (i.e. statistically most apparent), no events GSR-HF 13

14 PLC Measuring Portfolio: Noise (Noise Stationary) Noise Output: 3D Noise frequency time view dbv/hz Median/avg treatment Stationary noise (i.e. statistically most apparent), no events 14

15 PLC Measuring Portfolio: Noise (Noise Stationary) Noise Output: Noise frequency view Median/avg treatment Stationary noise (i.e. statistically most apparent), no events 15

16 PLC Measuring Portfolio: Noise (Noise Stationary) Noise Output: Overview of long-term campaign (6 days example) Median/avg treatment Stationary noise (i.e. statistically most apparent), no events 16

17 PLC Measuring Portfolio: Impedance (Impedance Stationary) Impedance & Transfer The stationary impedance is the average impedance during a 20 seconds measurement Average Impedance Sweep method with 100 ms fft window GSR-HF 17

18 PLC Measuring Portfolio: Impedance (Impedance Stationary) Impedance & Transfer Output: 2D Impedance Frequency view Average Impedance Sweep method with 100 ms fft window 18

19 PLC Measuring Portfolio: Transfer (Transfer Function) Impedance & Transfer The transfer function is measured by injecting and measuring a signal on one location and another measurement on a different location Transfer 2-point measurement, synchronisable between devices GSR-HF2 GSR-HF1 19

20 20*log10(abs(channel response)) PLC Measuring Portfolio: Transfer (Transfer Function) Impedance & Transfer Output: Transfer Transfer function: End of line --> Substation Transfer function: Substation --> End of line -4 2-point measurement, synchronisable between devices Frequency (khz) 20

21 Laboratory-measurements in the Faraday Cage LISN = Line Impedance Stabilizing Network Noise free grid V I FILTER LISN DUT Why LISN? - Creates a noise free grid - Input impedance = khz Coupling Circuit GSR-HF Signal Injection Faraday Cage 4/18/2013 LABORELEC 21

22 PLC: Load Measurements Example: Investigation of loads Saving lights Impedance measurements This load short-circuits the signal periodically in a 50 Hz cycle! 22

23 Smart Metering & Power Line Carrier Communication (PLC) Examples: Investigation on MV/LV transformers Measurements done on decoupled devices Modelization done 23

24 PLC: Load Measurements Noise is also produced by new type of loads Electric Vehicle Noise pollution and impedance during charging LEDs 24

25 PLC in 2012: Focus on material Testing prototypes New PLC modems were tested in the lab and in the field in Rode Result: Provided feedback to Engineering for the choice of frequencies Sniffing PLC PLC Spy/Sniffer provides complementary information to draw conclusions about the quality of PLC Result: Match communication statistics with noise, impedance measurements 25

26 PLC in 2012: Focus on Troubleshooting PLC Experiments Reproducing grid situations in the lab Result: Ability to test smart metering material in the lab Communication statistics for AIM (Ores) Analyze and report on communication quality and reliability Result: Ability to focus on specific problematic locations by analyzing collected data from the smart metering system Unreachable meters in Aye (Ores) Ad-hoc measurements in substations and a specific house Result: Ongoing analysis and report on the specific situation 26

27 Next steps in 2013 Emerging PLC Technologies OFDM in PRIME and G3 QPSK for Eandis G3 PLC over MV Building up knowledge and learn from experiences within the DNO s PLC Troubleshooting Ad-hoc measurement campaigns to study specific problems Smart Meter data analysis Analyze the huge amount of information available from the smart metering systems. Focus on problems! 27

28 Smart Metering & Power Line Communication To summarize, Laborelec : Investigated Power Line Communications for more than 4 years, beginning from scratch, to compensate the lack of supplier s expertise Gained insight in the behavior of the physical signal in typical grids Aids the DNO with the testing and evaluation of the performance of prototypes and in first smart metering pilots 28

29 Smart Metering & Power Line Communication Any questions or remarks? 29

30 FROM INNOVATION TO OPERATIONAL ASSISTANCE IN ENERGY Laborelec is a leading research and services centre in energy processes and energy use, with more than fifty years of experience. We are part of the Research and Innovation Division of the GDF SUEZ Group, a world leader in the energy sector. LABORELEC BELGIUM Rodestraat Linkebeek Belgium T F RPR/RPM Brussels BTW/TVA BE info@laborelec.com LABORELEC THE NETHERLANDS Amerikalaan AE Maastricht-Airport The Netherlands T LABORELEC GERMANY Brombergerstrasse 39-41, Wuppertal Germany T T FIVE REASONS FOR YOU TO CHOOSE LABORELEC Wide range of technical competences in Electricity Generation, Grids and End-Use Increased profitability and sustainability of your energy processes and assets Unique combination of contract research and operational assistance Independent advice based on certified laboratory and field analyses all over the world More than 50 years of experience LABORELEC